Microcrystalline and near nanocrystalline AlCrFeCoNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) coatings were applied on Inconel 718 superalloy using air plasma spraying (APS) process. High-temperature oxidation behavior of the microcrystalline and near nanocrystalline AlCrFeCoNi HEA coated superalloy were examined at 110°C under the air atmosphere for 50 cycles under cyclic heating and cooling (1 h for each cycle). The oxidation kinetics of both nanocrystalline and microcrystalline coated superalloy was accordingly analyzed by weight change measurement. It was noticed that the uncoated and coated followed the parabolic rate law of the oxidation. X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS), and elemental mapping techniques were used to analyze the oxidized coated and uncoated samples. In the HEA coated superalloy, Fe, Ni, Co, and Al were oxidized in the inter-splat region, whereas the splats which consist mainly of Ni and Cr remained unoxidized. Because of the formation of compact and adhesive thin NiO, CoO oxides, and spinels together with the Al2O3 oxide scale on the surface of the coating during oxidation, the developed nanocrystalline HEA coating shows better oxidation resistance than the microcrystalline HEA coating.

Solar photovoltaic systems are becoming increasingly popular due to their outstanding environmental, economic, and technical characteristics. To simulate, manage, and control photovoltaic (PV) systems, the primary challenge is identifying unknown parameters accurately and reliably as early as possible using a robust optimization algorithm. This paper proposes a newly developed cheetah optimizer (CO) and improved CO (ICO) to extract parameters from various PV models. This algorithm, inspired by cheetah hunting behavior, includes several basic strategies: searching, sitting, waiting, and attacking. Although this algorithm has shown remarkable capabilities in solving large-scale problems, it needs improvement concerning its convergence speed and computing time. Here, an improved CO (ICO) is presented to identify solar power model parameters for this purpose. Single-, double-, and PV module models are investigated to test ICO's parameter estimation performance. Statistical analysis uses minimum, mean, maximum, and standard deviation. Furthermore, to improve confidence in test results, Wilcoxon and Freidman rank nonparametric tests are also performed. Compared to other state-of-the-art optimization algorithms, the ICO algorithm is proven to be highly reliable and accurate when identifying PV parameters.

Methamphetamine (METH) has the potential to disrupt the activities of neurotransmitters in the Central Nervous System (CNS) and cause neurotoxicity through various pathways. These pathways include increased production of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species, hypothermia, and induction of mitochondrial apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the long-term effects of METH addiction on the structural changes in the amygdala of postmortem human brains, as well as the involvement of the CREB/BDNF and Akt-1/GSK3 signaling pathways. We examined ten male postmortem brains, comparing control subjects with chronic METH users, using immunohistochemistry, Real-time PCR (to measure levels of CREB, BDNF, Akt-1, GSK3, and TNF-α), Tunnel assay, stereology, and assays for ROS, GSSG, and GPX. The findings revealed that METH significantly reduced the expression of BDNF, CREB, Akt-1, and GPX, while increasing the levels of GSSG, ROS, RIPK3, GSK3, and TNF-α. Furthermore, METH was found to induce inflammation and neurodegeneration in the amygdala, with ROS production mediated by the CREB/BDNF and Akt-1/GSK3 signaling pathways.

Chronic kidney diseases (CKD) and end stage renal disease (ESRD) are growing threats worldwide. Tissue engineering is a new hope to surpass the current limitations such as the shortage of donor. To do so, the first step would be fabrication of an intact decellularized kidney scaffold. In the current study, an automatic decellularization device was developed to perfuse and decellularize male rats' kidneys using both sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and to compare their efficacy in kidney decellularization and post-transplantation angiogenesis. After anesthesia, kidneys were perfused with either 1% SDS solution for 4 h or 1% SLES solution for 6 h. The decellularized scaffolds were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), periodic acid Schiff (PAS), Masson’s trichrome, and alcian blue to determine cell removal and glycogen, collagen and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) contents, respectively. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to evaluate the cell removal and preservation of microarchitecture of both SDS and SLES scaffolds. Additionally, DNA quantification assay was applied for all groups in order to measure residual DNA in the scaffolds and normal kidney. In order to demonstrate biocompatibility and bioactivity of the decellularized scaffolds, allotransplantation was performed in back muscle and angiogenesis was evaluated. Complete cell removal in both SLES and SDS groups was observed in SEM and DNA quantification assays. Moreover, the extracellular matrix (ECM) architecture of rat kidney in the SLES group was significantly preservation better than the SDS group was shown. The formation of blood capillaries and vessels were observed in the kidney allotransplantations in both SLES and SDS decellularized kidneys. In conclusion, we demonstrated that both SLES and SDS could be promising tools in kidney tissue engineering. The better preservation of ECM than SDS, introduces SLES as the solvent of choice for kidney decellularization. ¬¬

During 2019, the number of patients suffering from cough, fever and reduction of WBC’s count increased. At the beginning, this mysterious illness was called “fever with unknown origin”. At the present time, the cause of this pneumonia is known as the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) or the severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The SARS-CoV-2 is one member of great family of coronaviruses. Coronaviruses can cause different kind of illnesses including respiratory, enteric, hepatic, and neurological diseases in animals like cat and bat. Coronaviruses are enveloped positive-stranded RNA viruses. The SARS-CoV-2 has some particular structures for binding to host cells, reproducing itself in cells and damaging human cells. The SARS-CoV-2 can bind angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE‐2) receptors and cause various difficulties for human. The SARS-CoV-2 can cause either not-serious issues like fever and cough or serious concerns such as multi-organ failure. Source(s) of SARS-CoV-2 is under debate. Malayan pangolin and bat are the most suspicious candidate for being sources of the SARS-CoV-2. The SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted by various ways such as transmitting from infected human to healthy human and can make severe pneumonia, which can lead to death. The SARS-CoV-2 can infect different kind of people with different ages, races, and social and economic levels. The SARS‐CoV‐2 infection can cause various sorts of clinical manifestations like cough and fever and intensity of signs and symptoms depends on sufferer conditions. Clinicians use all of available documents and tests like laboratory, histopathological and radiological findings for diagnosing new cases and curing patients with high accuracy. At the present time, there is no particular way for treating SARS-CoV-2 infection; neither antiviral drugs nor palliative agents. It seems that the best way for standing against the SARS-CoV-2 infection is preventing from it by social distancing and vaccination. This review tries to prepare an essential brief update about SARS-CoV-2 infection for clinicians.

Cardiac complications of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection have been well-identified since the beginning of the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Such conditions can occur of various etiologies, such as respiratory failure and hypoxemia, direct cardiac tissue damage due to viral replication, indirect myocarditis as systemic inflammation, and the interaction of different medications. Recently, with the start of the COVID-19 vaccination programs, COVID-19 vaccine-associated cardiac adverse events (AEs) have emerged and are increasingly being reported. Although these AEs are usually mild and self-limited, they can sometimes cause severe, catastrophic outcomes. This review compares the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of the de novo SARS-CoV-2 infection-related and COVID-19 vaccine-related myocarditis and pericarditis.