Canine lymphoma (CL) is one of the most common malignant tumors in dogs. The cause of CL remains unclear. Genetic mutations that have been suggested as possible causes of CL are not fully understood. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) is a time- and cost-effective method for detecting genetic variants targeting only protein-coding regions (exons) that are part of the entire genome region. A total of eight patients with B-cell lymphomas were recruited, and WES analysis was performed on whole blood and lymph node aspirate samples from each patient. A total of 17 somatic variants (GOLIM4, ITM2B, STN1, UNC79, PLEKHG4, BRF1, ENSCAFG00845007156, SEMA6B, DSC1, TNFAIP1, MYLK3, WAPL, ADORA2B, LOXHD1, GP6, AZIN1, and NCSTN) with moderate to high impact were identified by WES analysis. Through a Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis of 17 genes with somatic mutations, a total of 16 pathways were identified. Overall, the somatic mutations identified in this study suggest novel candidate mutations for CL, and further studies are needed to confirm the role of these mutations.

This paper proposed a triangular inequality-based rewiring method for the Rapidly exploring Random Tree (RRT)-Connect robot path-planning algorithm that guarantees the planning time compared to the RRT algorithm, to bring it closer to the optimum. To check the proposed algorithm’s performance, this paper compared the RRT and RRT-Connect algorithms in various environments through simulation. From these experimental results, the proposed algorithm shows both quicker planning time and shorter path length than the RRT algorithm and shorter path length than the RRT-Connect algorithm with a similar number of samples and planning time.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide, and despite advances in treatment, survival rates are still low; therefore, the development of novel drugs is imperative. Acetylcorynoline (ACN) is derived from Corydalis ambigua. The effect of ACN on colon cancer is still unknown. Therefore, we investigated its potential effects. Our data showed that ACN inhibited cell viability and proliferation. Moreover, ACN induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest by inhibiting cell growth. In the present study, we hypothesized that ACN regulates c-Myc through CNOT2 or MID1IP1. ACN reduced the protein expression of oncogenic genes, decreased c-Myc half-life, and rapidly inhibited the serum stimulation response. Moreover, knockdown of CNOT2 and MID1IP1 with ACN increased apoptosis and further reduced the expression of oncogenes. In addition, ACN exhibited a synergistic effect with low-dose of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and doxorubicin (Dox). Collectively, our data demonstrates that ACN inhibited c-Myc expression through CNOT2 and MID1IP1 and induced apoptosis. These findings indicate the potential of ACN as a therapeutic agent against colon cancer.

The purpose of this study is to develop and evaluate a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) to improve the oral absorption of poorly water-soluble Olaparib. Through the solubility test of Olaparib in various oils, surfactants and co-surfactants, pharmaceutical excipients for use in SMEDDS manufacturing were selected. Self-emulsifying regions were identified by mixing the selected materials at various ratios, and a pseudoternary phase diagram was constructed by synthesizing these results. Various physicochemical properties of microemulsion incorporating Olaparib were confirmed by investigating the particle morphology, particle size, zeta potential, drug content and stability. In addition, the improved dissolution and oral absorption of Olaparib were also confirmed through a dissolution test and a pharmacokinetic study. An optimal microemulsion was generated in the formulation of Capmul MCM EP/NF 10%, Labrasol 80% and PEG 400 10%. Fabricated nano-sized microemulsions were well-dispersed in aqueous solutions, and it was also confirmed that it was maintained well without any problems of either physical or chemical stability. The 5 min initial dissolution of Olaparib in fabricated formulations was improved by 10.6 times (pH1.2), 14.8 times (pH6.8) and 14.8 times (distilled water) compared to the values of Olaparib powder. The dissolution at 120min was 45.4±4.0%(pH1.2), 53.5±1.1% (pH6.8) and 58.1±1.00% (distilled water) in Olaparib powder but has been significantly improved by 1.7 times (74.8±1.9%), 1.6 times (84.2±0.3%) and 1.5 times (81.2±0.7%) in SMEDDS. Associated with the high dissolutions of Olaparib in fabricated microemulsions, the pharmacokinetic parameters were also greatly improved. The Cmax and AUCinf of Olaparib in the prepared microemulsion were increased 4.2- and 3.2-fold, respectively, compared to powder. Taken together with the results mentioned above, the microemulsion system could be an effective tool as an oral delivery formulation for Olaparib. Additionally, our results demonstrate that the SMEDDS systems comprising Capmul MCM, Labrasol and PEG 400 could be a useful option for improvement of several other poorly water-soluble drugs with physico-chemical properties similar to Olaparib.