Asymmetry Theory: A Unified Mathematical Framework for Classical and Relativistic Phenomena from Principle of Light-Speed Constancy

Asymmetry Theory (AT) is a unified mathematical framework that derives both classical and relativistic phenomena from a single empirically validated principle: light propagates at constant speed c from its emission origin. By retaining classical time and space, while introducing observer-dependent light velocity, AT bridges the conceptual divide between classical mechanics and relativistic physics, providing a common mathematical foundation that encompasses both regimes within a coherent structure.From this single principle, AT derives: (1) a light observed velocity formula explaining the Sagnac effect, GPS one-way light speed measurements, stellar aberration, and optical clock variation; (2) a unified formula encompassing both classical and relativistic Doppler effects, cosmological redshift, and Cherenkov radiation; (3) electrodynamics equations addressing particle acceleration, mass-energy equivalence, and matter waves; (4) an observer-frame formulation of Maxwell's equations that directly yields Doppler and Sagnac effects as solutions.AT reproduces all validated predictions of Special Relativity (STR) when the observer’s motion is perpendicular to the “source-observer” line, while preserving classical time synchronization and causality and naturally handling non-inertial frames.AT maintains consistency with all established empirical evidence: Michelson-Morley, optical cavity resonators, Hafele-Keating, optical clock, Ives-Stilwell spectroscopy, particle accelerators, muon decay, nuclear reactions and GPS Sagnac corrections. It also reconciles with the contested Gezari lunar ranging and Thim microwave. We demonstrate that the extensive empirical evidence traditionally cited as validating STR equally supports AT - a unified framework based on classical spacetime.To distinguish from STR, AT is empirically testable with novel predictions: (1) Sagnac phase shift Δt = 2vL/c² in inertial frame; (2) momentum asymmetry for parallel acceleration versus deceleration. A motion-controlled interferometer with first order sensitivity detecting two-way light speed deviation is proposed for the confirmative test of AT.