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Black Holes in a QCD-Bounded Vacuum with Non-Singular Interiors

Submitted:

02 December 2025

Posted:

03 December 2025

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Abstract
We propose a phenomenological model in which the vacuum energy relevant for black hole interiors is bounded by QCD-scale physics and by thermal effects. In this framework, vacuum fluctuations are effectively limited between a hadronic upper scale and a lower, thermally controlled scale. We explore how such a QCDbounded vacuum structure can modify the interior region of black holes, leading to non-singular cores while preserving standard general relativity in the exterior. The analysis is qualitative in nature and does not rely on a full underlying quantum field theoretic derivation. Instead, it aims to capture the main physical ingredients that may connect hadronic physics, vacuum structure and black hole geometry. We discuss the conditions under which singularities can be avoided, and we outline possible implications for the relation between black hole interiors and the cosmological vacuum energy. The model is intended as a conceptual framework that can be further tested and refined in more complete theoretical settings.
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Copyright: This open access article is published under a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, which permit the free download, distribution, and reuse, provided that the author and preprint are cited in any reuse.
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