Preprint
Article

This version is not peer-reviewed.

Mathematics of Black Holes in Newtonian Physics

Submitted:

01 December 2025

Posted:

03 December 2025

You are already at the latest version

Abstract
In 2014, NASA measured that the universe has a Euclidean shape. This discovery suggests that the curvature of space is merely a mathematical description of some more basic physical property of space. By extending the principle of equality of mass and energy to the space occupied by dark energy, a model of gravity was developed, where the gravitational force is due to the variable energy density of dark energy. The more curved the space, the lower the energy density of dark energy. A black hole, like any other stellar object, reduces the energy density of dark energy at its center in proportion to its mass and energy. In the centre of a black hole, the gravitational force is zero, as it is in all stellar objects. There are no wormholes in space, and there is no gravitational singularity at the center of a black hole. Gravity inside black holes follows Newton's physics.
Keywords: 
;  ;  ;  ;  
Copyright: This open access article is published under a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, which permit the free download, distribution, and reuse, provided that the author and preprint are cited in any reuse.
Prerpints.org logo

Preprints.org is a free preprint server supported by MDPI in Basel, Switzerland.

Subscribe

Disclaimer

Terms of Use

Privacy Policy

Privacy Settings

© 2025 MDPI (Basel, Switzerland) unless otherwise stated