An Annotated Checklist for the Egyptian Vascular Flora

1. Introduction

Egypt is located in the northeastern corner of the African continent (between latitudes 22°-32°N, longitudes 25°-37°E) with an Asian extension in the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south, and Libya to the west. It covers an area of about 1 million km² divided by the River Nile into a western desert and an eastern desert along with the Sinai Peninsula. The River Nile and the Red Sea are the two main corridors that link Egypt with tropical and equatorial Africa and the tropical Indian Ocean.

According to Boulos (1995, 2009), Egypt is divided into eight phytogeographical regions with various vegetation types, namely: (N) Nile region including the delta, valley and Fayum; (O) Oases of the Western Desert (Wadi el Natrun, Siwa, Farafra, Bahariya, Kharga, Dakhla, Kurkur, Dungul and Uweinat; (M) the Mediterranean coastal strip from the border with Libya near Sollum to Port Said; (De) the desert east of the Nile; (Dw) the desert west of the Nile; (R) the Red sea coastal strip; (GE) Gebel Elba and the surrounding mountainous region; (S) Sinai Peninsula including the coastal Mediterranean strip and El-Tih Desert east of Suez Canal (Figure 1).

While, El-Hadidi (2000) reported four floral provinces (zones) in Egypt, namely: the Mediterranean-Sahara regional transition zone, which represented in Egypt by the northern Mediterranean coast; the Saharo-Sindian regional zone, which encompasses the greater part of Egypt with its deserts; the Irano-Turanian regional center of endemism, which includes the mountainous massive of Sinai and some enclave areas in the Eastern Desert (e.g., Galala Mountains); the Sahel regional transition zone, which comprises the Gebel Elba mountainous region in the southeast of Egypt.

The significant amount of coastal and inland deserts in Egypt that cover about 96% of the country’s area (Zahran et al., 2016) characterized by the growth of a permanent framework of halophytic and xerophytic vegetation types in seven different habitats, namely: mangrove swamps, reed swamps, salt marshes, sand dunes, rocky ridges, desert wadis and mountains.

Overall, the species richness of vascular plants in Egypt is not particularly high compared to other countries in Africa (Derbyshire et al., 2015; Taifour and El-Oqlah, 2017; Alzerbia et al., 2020; Ali-Shtayeh et al., 2022).

1.1. A Brief Historical Review of the Flora of Egypt and Recent Taxonomic Revisions

Over the past 50 years much more information has become available on Egyptian flora. Many floristic studies have been very thoroughly conducted in this country, although recent updates are continuously being made. The first checklist for vascular plants made by Täckholm (1974) included 2,080 species belonging to 130 families. In their updated checklist, El Hadidi and Fayed (1994, 95) included 2,076 species belonged to 730 genera and 129 families. By referring to his important work, Boulos (1995) published a checklist of native and naturalized vascular plants including 2,121 species and 153 infraspecific epithets from 742 genera and 121 families with information on their regional distribution and representative habitats. Then he updated the checklist in 2009 with a total of 2,145 species and 220 infraspecific taxa from 755 genera and 129 families based on his series of the flora of Egypt (1999-2005) which brought numerous taxonomic and nomenclatural changes. In his checklist, the cultivated plants were excluded, with the exception of 44 cultivated species of grasses and four cultivated onions.

Since 1941, eight volumes with selected families have been published by Egyptian botanists including: Typhaceae to Poaceae (Täckholm et al., 1941); Cyperaceae to Juncaceae and Casuarinaceae to Piperaceae (Täckholm and Drar, 1950); Liliaceae to Musaceae (Täckholm and Drar, 1954); Zingiberaceae to Orchidaceae and Casuarinaceae to Piperaceae (Täckholm and Drar, 1969); Azollaceae to Oxalidaceae (Boulos, 1999); Geraniaceae to Boraginaceae (Boulos, 2000); Verbenaceae to Compositae (Boulos, 2002); Alismataceae to Orchidaceae (Boulos, 2005); Cucurbitaceae (Heneidak, 2008).

In addition, many families have been revised in recent years as family Sterculiaceae (Shamso & Hamdy, 2010), Zygophyllaceae (Hosni et al., 2013), Brassicaceae (Abdel Khalik, 2017), Lamiaceae (El Gazzar et al., 2018), Asteraceaea (El Gazzar et al., 2019, 2020b) Poaceae (Ibrahim et al., 2020), Capparaceae and Cleomaceae (El Zayat et al., 2020), Phyllanthaceae (Moustafa et al., 2024), Euphorbiaceae (El Gazzar et al., 2024). Furthermore, some genera listed in the flora of Egypt (Boulos, 1999-2005, 2009), have been recently studied (Kamel et al., 2009; Shamso, 2010; El Hadidy et al., 2011; Gehrke, 2011; Azer, 2013; Sharawy & Badr, 2014; Fayed et al., 2015; Zareh et al., 2016; Amer et al., 2016; El Hadidy et al., 2018; Faried, 2018; Fayed et al., 2019; Hassan & Amer, 2019; Shamso et al., 2019; Hassan & Hamdy, 2021; Rabei et al., 2021; Shamso et al., 2021; Faried et al., 2023; Hassan et al., 2024; Shehata et al., 2024).

Also, some regional floristic works were published by many authors (Ahmed, 1989; Shaltout et al., 2010; Fahmy and El-Bakry, 2011; Ahmed et al., 2015; Abd El-Ghani et al., 2017; Rabei et al., 2021; Moustafa et al., 2024). Moreover, an updated checklist of the endemic and near-endemic plant species in Egypt was provided by Hosni et al. (2013), Abdelaal et al. (2018), Shaltout et al. (2018), El Khalafy (2021) and later in 2024 by Abd El Ghani et al. which comprises 70 endemic taxa from 56 genera and 28 families, as well as 181 near-endemic from 113 genera and 39 families.

1.2. New Additions to the Flora of Egypt

Since Boulos (2009), 23 genera are newly recorded in the country, i.e. Meiosperma Raf., Acanthaceae (Shamso, 2010); Cannabis L., Cannabaceae (Abd El Ghani, 2014); Anoda Cav., Malvaceae (Mobarak et al., 2017); Hormuzakia Guşul., Boraginaceae (Kamel et al., 2018); Clinopodium L., Lamiaceae (Rabei et al., 2019); Helenium L., Asteraceae (El Gazzar, 2020); Ruta L., Rutaceae (Shamso et al., 2023); Acanthospermum Schrank, Asteraceae (Sheded, 2024).

In addition, 155 species and 111 infraspecific taxa have been reported as new records to Egyptian flora (Kamel et al., 2009; Abd El Ghani et al., 2010; Hamada et al., 2010; Shamso, 2010; Shamso and Hamdy, 2010; Sukhorukov, 2010; El Hadidy et al., 2011; Azer, 2013; Badry et al., 2015; El Kordy, 2015; Moustafa et al., 2015; El-Banhawy, 2016; Badry et al., 2018; Faried, 2018; Gillepsie et al., 2018; Fayed et al., 2019; Hassan and Amer, 2019; Shamso et al., 2019; El-Gazzar et al., 2020; Shamso and Hosny, 2020; Rabei et al., 2021; Shamso et al., 2021; Turki et al., 2021; El Kordy, 2022; Faried et al., 2023; Hassan et al., 2024).

1.3. Necessity to Update the List of Flora of Egypt

However, the recent updates of the orders and families of flowering plants made by the APG IV in 2016, as well as a number of recent publications that identify new species in Egypt, so far there has been no reliable evidence that summarize the current state of the floristic and taxonomic knowledge of the Egyptian vascular flora since Boulos (2009). Therefore, there is an urgent need to revise and provide an updated list of the floristic diversity. This study aims to present a thoroughly revised checklist of Egyptian native and naturalized vascular flora that comprises the up-to-date names of all species, genera, and families, by conducting comparisons to the latest checklist of Boulos (2009).

2. Materials and Methods

Comparing with the latest annotated checklist of the Egyptian Flora (Boulos, 2009), the nomenclature of vascular families, genera, species and infraspecific species was checked and updated according to the Plants of the World Online (POWO 2024). Other taxonomic databases were also consulted [Euro+Med PlantBase; GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility); IPNI (The International Plant Name Index); Tropicos; World Flora Online (WFO 2024)]. Each species is provided with the author’s name, full citation, habit and distribution. The systematic order and taxonomic circumscription of the families followed the classification proposed by PPG I (2016) for ferns and fern allies, Christenhusz et al. (2011) for gymnosperms, and APG IV (2016) for angiosperms. Within each family, the genera, species, and infraspecific taxa are alphabetically ordered. The currently accepted names are provided in bold italics, while the old names cited in Boulos’ checklist are present in normal italics between parentheses. The distribution of specific and subspecific taxa follows the phytogeographical regions of Boulos (1995, 2009; Figure 1). All literature data for the species’ regional distribution have been checked and updated according to the National Network of the Egyptian Herbaria (NNEH) and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). Species endemism is given after Boulos (2009) and Abd El Ghani et al. (2024) and updated using POWO and GBIF. Near-endemic taxa are those that are found in at least one country other than Egypt (such as Palestine, Libya or Sudan). The revision of Shamso et al. (2023) was helpful in our work.

This work comprises both native and non-native taxa that become naturalized, while cultivated or introduced taxa are excluded from the Egyptian Flora and should be addressed in a future publication. The list of old and new names of families, genera, species and infraspecific taxa is provided as supplementary material (App. 1), in addition to lists of endemic (App. 2) and near-endemic taxa (App. 3).

3. Results

This updated checklist includes 2,499 native and naturalized vascular plant taxa (1,676 species, 375 subspecies, and 177 varieties), belonging to 796 genera and 119 families. Three major taxonomic groups are reported: ferns and fern allies (6 families and 11 genera), gymnosperms (2 families and 2 genera), and angiosperms (111 families and 783 genera), see Table 1. Angiosperms dominates the Egyptian flora with total of 2,473 taxa, which constitute 98.9 % of total flora (Table 1).

The most represented families with a high species richness (> 25 genera and > 50 taxa) are: Asteraceae (104 genera and 295 taxa), Poaceae (99 genera and 279 taxa), Fabaceae (50 genera and 275 taxa), Amaranthaceae (30 genera and 123 taxa), Brassicaceae (60 genera and 115 taxa), Caryophyllaceae (27 genera and 113 taxa), Lamiaceae (28 genera and 69 taxa), Boraginaceae (25 genera and 67 taxa), and Apiaceae (28 genera and 55 taxa), Figure 2.

At the genus level, six genera represent a high species richness (≥ 20 taxa): Astragalus L. (45 taxa), Silene L. (39), Cyperus L. (27) Allium L. (26), Convolvulus L. (23), Bromus L. (20).

Among the phytogeographical regions in Egypt, the Sinai Peninsula (including the coastal Mediterranean strip and El-Tih desert east of Suez canal) contains the richest flora where 1,473 taxa were identified, followed by the Mediterranean Coastal strip with 1,304 taxa, and the Nile region with 1,107 taxa. While, the western desert has the lowest number of taxa (70 taxa) (Table 2, Figure 3).

In this work, the name of 32 family, 70 genera and 410 species has been changed (App. 1). In addition, one new family (Cannabaceae), 23 new genera, 189 new species, 61 new subspecies, and 41 new varieties were not listed in the previous checklist of Boulos (2009) and are added to the Egyptian flora in the current work based on recent studies (App. 2).

On the other hand, 52 plant species that were listed in the previous checklist of Boulos (2009) are excluded as they are cultivated in Egypt for their use as condiments, fodder, cereals, aromatic oils, and lawn grass (Table 3).

Additionally in this study, authors excluded 13 species from the list of endemic species reported by Boulos (2009) that includes 87 taxa, due to their distribution in different countries (App. 3). Concerning the near-endemics, a total of 215 near-endemic taxa are provided that represent about 8% of the total flora of Egypt (App. 4). Authors in this work excluded 10 taxa that previously recorded by Boulos (2009) and added 13 new near endemic taxa (App. 4). Family Asteraceae shows the highest number of near-endemic taxa (34 taxa) followed by Fabaceae (19 taxa), Caryophyllaceae (13 taxa), Asparagaceae (13 taxa), Lamiaceae and Amaryllidaceae (12 taxa). Also, the results show that the Sinai Peninsula includes the highest number of near-endemic taxa (150 taxa) followed by the Mediterranean Coastal strip (83 taxa), then the Eastern desert (55 taxa). While, the Nile region has 26 taxa, the Western desert has 20 taxa, the Red Sea coastal strip has 19 taxa, and Gebel Elba region has 12 taxa. On the other hand, the Oasis shows the lowest number of near endemics (8 taxa).

• Checklist of the native vascular flora in Egypt

Symbols used in the checklist:

🆃Tree   🆃 Small Tree   🆂 Shrub   🆂 Subshrub   🅰 Annual

🅱 Biennial   🅿 Perennial   🅿 Short-lived perennial   🅲 Climber   🅻 Liane

E Endemic   NE Near-endemic   * New addition

Division I. Pteridophyta

1. EQUISETACEAE (1 genus and 1 taxon)

Equisetum ramosissimum Desf., Fl. Atlant. 2: 398 (1799).

var. ramosissimum –🅿 [O (Bahariya), M, S]

2. OPHIOGLOSSACEAE (1 genus and 1 taxon)

Ophioglossum polyphyllum A.Braun in Seub., Fl. Azor.: 17 (1844) emend. Pic. Serm., Webbia 9: 632. t. 2a (1954).

var. polyphyllum –🅿 [GE]

3. SALVINIACEAE [AZOLLACEAE] (1 genus and 5 taxa)

Azolla caroliniana Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4, 5 (1): 541 (1810) –🅰 [N]

Azolla filiculoides Lam., Encycl. 1: 343 (1783).

subsp. cristata (Kaulf.) Fraser-Jenk., Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Tokyo, B. 38: 178 (2012).

[=Azolla mexicana C.Presl, Konigl. Böhm, Ges. Wiss., ser. 5, 3: 580 (1845)]

[=Azolla microphylla Kaulf., Enum. Filic.: 273 (1824)] –🅰 [N, M]

subsp. filiculoides –🅰 [N]

Azolla nilotica Decne. ex Mett. in Kotschy & Peyr., Pl. Tinn.: 54, t. 25 (1867) –🅰 [N]

Azolla pinnata R.Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland.:167 (1810) –🅰 [N]

4. MARSILEACEAE (1 genus and 4 taxa)

Marsilea aegyptiaca Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4, 5 (1): 540 (1810) –🅿 [N, O, M, De]

Marsilea capensis A.Braun, Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1863: 428 (1864) –🅿 [N]

Marsilea minuta L., Mant. Pl. 2: 308 (1771).

var. minuta –🅿 [O (Bahariya)]

Marsilea strigosa Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4, 5 (1): 539 (1810) –🅿 [N]

5. PTERIDACEAE [ADIANTACEAE, ACTINIOPTERIDACEAE] (6 genera and 7 species)

Actiniopteris semiflabellata Pic. Serm., Webbia 17: 24, f. 4 (1962) –🅿 [GE]

Adiantum capillus-veneris L., Sp. Pl., ed.1, 2: 1096 (1753) –🅰 [N, O, M, D, R, GE, S]

Anogramma leptophylla (L.) Link, Fil. Spec.: 137 (1841) –🅿 [GE]

Cosentinia vellea (Aiton) Tod., Giorn. Sci. Nat. Econ. Palermo 1: 220 (1866).

[=Cheilanthes vellea (Aiton) Domin, Bibl. Bot. 20(85-1): 133 (1913)] –🅿 [GE, S]

Hemionitis morla Christenh, Global Fl. 4:18 (2018).

[=Cheilanthes coriacea Decne., Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 2: 190 (1841)] –🅿 [GE]

Hemionitis pteridioides (Reichard) Christenh. Global Fl. 04:19 (2018).

[=Cheilanthes pteridioides (Reichard) C.Chr., Index Filic.: 178 (1905)] –🅿 [S]

Onychium divaricatum (Poir.) Alston, Bol. Soc. Brot., sér. 2, 30: 21 (1956) –🅿 [GE]

6. ASPLENIACEAE (1 genus and 2 taxa)

Asplenium adiantum-nigrum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2:1081 (1753).

subsp. adiantum-nigrum –🅿 [S]

Asplenium ceterach L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2:1080 (1753).

subsp. ceterach –🅿 [S]

Division II. Spermatophyta

Subdivision 1. Gymnospermae

7. CUPRESSACEAE (1 genus and 1 species)

Juniperus phoenicea L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 1040 (1753) –🆂/🆃 [M, Dw, S]

8. EPHEDRACEAE (1 genus and 5 taxa)

Ephedra alata Decne., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 2: 239 (1834) –🆂 [N, O, M, D, R, S]

Ephedra aphylla Forssk., Fl. Aegypt. -Arab.:170 (1775) –🆂 [N, M, D, Ge, S]

Ephedra ciliata Fisch. & C.A.Mey., Bull. Cl. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 5: 36 (1845) –🆂 [N, M, D, R, GE, S]

Ephedra foeminea Forssk., Fl. Aegypt. -Arab.: 219 (1775) –🆂 [S]

Ephedra pachyclada Boiss., Fl. Orient. 5: 713 (1884)

subsp. sinaica (Riedl) Freitag & Maier-St., Edinb. J. Bot. 49: 92 (1992) –🆂 [M, S]

Subdivision 2. Angiospermae

Class 1. Dicotyledoneae

9. NYMPHAEACEAE (1 genus, 3 taxa)

Nymphaea lotus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 511 (1753).

var. lotus –🅿 [N, M]

*Nymphaea nilotica Fawzi & Azer, Middle East J. Agric. Res. 6(4): 1078-1088 (2017) –🅿 [N]

Nymphaea nouchali Burm.f., Fl. Indica: 120 (1768).

var. caerulea (Savigny)Verdc., Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Nymphaeac.: 7 (1989)

[=Nymphaea caerulea Savigny, Déc. Egypt. 1: 71 (1798)] –🅿 [N, O, M]

10. ARISTOLOCHIACEAE (1 genus, 2 species)

Aristolochia bracteolata Lam., Encycl. 1 (1): 258 (1783) –🅿 [GE]

Aristolochia maurorum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2: 1363 (1763) –🅿 [S (Rafah)]

11. ARACEAE [LEMNACEAE] (7 genera, 12 taxa)

Arisarum vulgare O.Targ. Tozz., Ann. Mus. Imp. Fis. Firenze 2 (2): 67 (1810).

subsp. vulgare –🅿 [M, S]

Biarum olivieri Blume, Rumphia 1: 115 (1836) –🅿 NE [M, S]

Eminium spiculatum (Blume) Schott, Syn. Aroid. 17 (1856).

subsp. spiculatum –🅿 [M, S]

*subsp. negevense Koach & Feinbrun, Fl. Palaestina 4: 397 (1986) –🅿 [De]

Lemna aequinoctialis Welw., Apont.: 578 (1859) –🅿 [N, O]

Lemna gibba L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 970 (1753) –🅿 [N, O, M]

Lemna minor L, Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 970 (1753) –🅿 [N, O]

*Lemna trisulca L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 970 (1753) –🅿 [N (Lake Idku)]

Pistia stratiotes L., Sp., Pl., ed. 1, 2: 963 (1753) –🅿 [N]

Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid., Linnaea 13: 392 (1839) –🅿 [N, M]

Spirodela punctata (G.Mey.) C.H.Thomps., Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 9: 28 (1898) –🅿 [N (Cairo region)]

Wolffiella hyalina (Delile) Monod, Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N., Hors-sér. 2: 242 (1949) –🅿 [N, M, De]

12. ALISMATACEAE (4 genera, 6 species)

Alisma gramineum Lej., Fl. Spa 1: 175 (1811) –🅿 [N, O, M]

Alisma plantago-aquatica L. Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 342 (1753) –🅿 [N]

Caldesia parnassifolia (Bassi) Parl., Fl. Ital. 3: 599 (1860).

[=Caldesia reniformis (D.Don) Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 20: 34 (1906)] –🅿 [?N]

Damasonium alisma Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8: n.° 1 (1768) –🅰/🅿 [N, M]

*Damasonium bourgaei Coss., Notes Pl. Crit. 2: 47 (1849) –🅰/🅿 [N, M, De]

*Sagittaria sagittifolia L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 993 (1753) –🅿 [De]

13. HYDROCHARITACEAE [incl. NAJADACEAE] (6 genera, 14 taxa)

Elodea canadensis Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 20 (1803) –🅿 [N (Cairo)]

*Elodea densa (Planch.) Casp., Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1857: 49 (1857).

[=Egeria densa Planch., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 3, 11: 80 (1849)] –🅿 [N (Delta)]

Halophila ovalis (R.Br.) Hook.f., Fl. Tasman. 2: 45 (1858).

subsp. ovalis–🅿 [R (Gulf of Suez)]

Halophila stipulacea (Forssk.) Asch., Sitzungsber. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 1867: 3 (1867) –🅿 [M (Mersa Matruh harbour), De (Suez Canal); R (coasts), S (coasts)]

Najas graminea Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 2 (Mém.): 282, t. 50, f. 3 (1813) –🅰 [N, O, M]

Najas horrida A.Braun ex Magnus, Beitr. Kenntn. Najas: 46 (1870).

var. graminea –🅰 [N (Nile Delta at Damietta, Nile valley at Edfu and Lake Nasser)]

Najas major All., Auct. Syn. Meth. Stirp. Hort. Regii Taur.: 3 (1773).

[=Najas marina subsp. ehrenbergii (A.Braun) L.Triest, Mém. Acad. Roy. Sci. Outre-Mer, Cl. Sci. Nat. Méd., Collect. 8vo, n.s., 21(4): 24 (1987)] –🅰 [O (Kharga)]

Najas marina L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 1015 (1753).

subsp. intermedia(Wolfg. ex Gorski) Casper, Feddes Repert. 90: 236 (1979)

[=subsp. armata (Lindb.f.) Horn, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 7: 29 (1952)] –🅰 [N, O, M, S]

*subsp. marina–🅰 [N, O, M]

Najas minor All., Auct. Syn. Meth. Stirp. Hort. Regii Taur. 3 (1773) –🅰 [N, O (Bahariya)]

Najas pectinata (Parl.) Magnus, Mém. Inst. Égypt. 2: 145 (1887) –🅰 [N, S]

Ottelia alismoides (L.) Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 400 (1805) –🅰/🅿 [N, O, M]

Thalassia hemprichii (Ehrenb.) Asch., Petermanns Georgr. Mitt. 17: 242 (1871) –🅿 [R]

Vallisneria spiralis L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 1015 (1753) –🅿 [N (Aswan)]

14. ZOSTERACEAE (1 genera, 1 species)

Zostera noltii Hornem., in G.C.Oeder & al. (eds.), Fl. Dan. 12 (35): 1, t. 2041 (1832) –🅿 [M, S]

15. POTAMOGETONACEAE [incl. ZANNICHELLIACEAE] (3 genera, 10 taxa)

Potamogeton crispus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 126 (1753) –🅿 [N, O, M, D, S]

*Potamogeton lucens L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 126 (1753) –🅿 [N, De]

Potamogeton nodosus Poir. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl., Suppl. 4: 535 (1816) –🅿 [N, M, De (Ismailia Canal), S]

Potamogeton perfoliatus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 126 (1753) –🅿 [N, De, S]

Potamogeton pusillus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 127 (1753) –🅿 [N, O]

Potamogeton schweinfurthii A.Benn. in D.Oliver & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Trop. Afr. 8(2): 220 (1901), nom. cons. –🅿 [N (Lake Nasser), De (Ismailia Canal)]

Potamogeton trichoides Cham. & Schltdl., Linnaea 2 (2): 175, t. 4, f. 6 (1827) –🅰/🅿 [N]

Stuckenia pectinata (L.) Börner, Fl. Deut. Volk: 713 (1912).

[=Potamogeton pectinatus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 127 (1753)] –🅿 [N, O, M, S]

Zannichellia palustris L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 969 (1753)

subsp. palustris –🅰/🅿 [N, O, M, De]

*subsp. pedicellata (Rosén & Wahlenb.) Arcang., Comp. Fl. Ital.: 643 (1882) –🅰/🅿 [N, O, M, Dw, S]

16. POSIDONIACEAE (1 genus, 1 species)

Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 2 (Mém.): 78 (1813) –🅿 [M, S]

17. RUPPIACEAE (1 genus, 2 species)

Ruppia cirrhosa (Petagna) Grande, Bull. Orto Bot. Regia Univ. Napoli 5: 58 (1918) –🅿 [N, M, S]

Ruppia maritima L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 127 (1753) –🅿 [N, O, M, De, R, S]

18. CYMODOCEACEAE (5 genera, 6 species)

Cymodocea nodosa (Ucria) Asch., Sitzungsber. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 1869: 4 (1869) –🅿 [M, R, S (Mediterranean coast of Sinai)]

Cymodocea rotundata Asch. & Schweinf., Sitzungsber. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 1870: 84 (1870) –🅿 [R, S (Gulf of Suez, Gulf of Aqaba)]

Halodule uninervis (Forssk.) Asch. in Boiss., Fl. Orient. 5: 24 (1882) –🅿 [R, S]

Oceana serrulata (R.Br.) Byng & Christenh., Global Fl. 4: 53 (2018).

[=Cymodocea serrulata (R.Br.) Asch. & Magnus, Sitzungsber. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 1870: 84 (1870)] –🅿 [R (Qoseir)]

Syringodium isoetifolium (Asch.) Dandy, J. Bot. 77: 116 (1939) –🅿 [R, S (Gulf of Suez, Gulf of Aqaba)]

Thalassodendron ciliatum (Forssk.) Hartog, Verh. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch., Afd. Natuurk., Sect. 2, 59 (1): 188 (1970) –🅿 [R, S (Gulf of Suez, Gulf of Aqaba)]

19. COLCHICACEAE (1 genus, 5 species)

*Colchicum gramineum (Cav.) J.C.Manning & Vinn., Taxon 56: 880 (2007) –🅿 [M, De]

Colchicum guessfeldtianum Asch. & Schweinf., Ill. Fl. Égypte, Suppl. 2: 774 (1889) –🅿 NE [De (South Galala), S (Gebel Katherine, Gebel Serbal)]

Colchicum palaestinum (Baker) C.Archer, Bothalia 38: 83 (2008).

[=Colchicum palaestinum (Baker) Boulos comb. nov] –🅿 NE [M, De, S]

Colchicum ritchii R.Br., Narr. Travels Africa, App. 22: 241 (1826) –🅿 [M, De, S]

Colchicum schimperi Janka ex Stef., Sborn. B’lghar. Akad. Nauk 22: 31 (1926).

[=Colchicum cornigerum (Schweinf. ex Sickenb.) Täckh. & Drar, Publ. Cairo Univ. 5: 79 (1974)] –🅿 [De (North Galala), S]

20. LILIACEAE (2 genera, 5 species)

Gagea dayana Chodat & Beauverd in J.E.Dinsmore, Pl. Post. 1: 8 (1932) –🅿 [M, De]

Gagea fibrosa (Desf.) Schult. & Schult.f. in J.J.Roemer & J.A.Schultes, Syst. Veg., ed. 15 [bis]. 7: 552 (1829) –🅿 [M, De, S]

Gagea reticulata (Pall.) Schult. & Schult.f. in J.J.Roemer & J.A.Schultes, Syst. Veg., ed. 15 [bis]. 7: 542 (1829) –🅿 [M, De, S]

Tulipa biflora Pall., Reise Russ. Reich. 3(2): 727, t. D, f. 3 (1776) –🅿 [De (South Galala), S]

Tulipa systola Stapf, Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 50: 17 (1885) –🅿 [S]

21. ORCHIDACEAE (1 genus, 1 species)

Epipactis veratrifolia Boiss. & Hohen. in P.E.Boissier, Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 13: 11 (1854) –🅿 [S]

22. IXIOLIRIACEAE (1 genus, 1 species)

Ixiolirion tataricum (Pall.) Schult. & Schult.f. in J.J.Roemer & J.A.Schultes, Syst. Veg., ed.15 [bis]. 7: 752 (1829).

[=Ixiolirion tataricum (Pall.) Herb., Bot. Reg. 7. App. 37 (1821)] –🅿NE [S]

23. IRIDACEAE (3 genera, 4 species)

Iris mariae Barbey, Österr. Bot. Z. 41: 207 (1891) –🅿NE [S]

Gladiolus italicus Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8: n.° 2 (1768) –🅿 [O, M, S]

Moraea mediterranea Goldblatt, Novon 8 (4): 376 (1998) –🅿 [N, M, D, S]

Moraea sisyrinchium (L.) Ker Gawl. in König & Sims., Ann. Bot. 1 (2): 241 (1804) –🅿 [N, M, De, S]

24. ASPHODELACEAE (2 genera, 7 taxa)

Asphodeline brevicaulis (Bertol.) J.Gay ex Baker, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 15: 276 (1876) –🅿 [?S]

Asphodelus aestivus Brot., Fl. Lusit. 1: 525 (1804) –🅿 [N, M, De, S]

Asphodelus fistulosus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 309 (1753)

subsp. fistulosus –🅿 [N, O, M, R, S (Ain Gedeirat)]

*Asphodelus ramosus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 310 (1753).

subsp. ramosus –🅿 [M, S]

Asphodelus refractus Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 1, 13: 23 (1854) –🅰 [De, S]

Asphodelus tenuifolius Cav., Anales Ci. Nat. 3: 46 (1801) –🅰 [N, O, M, D, R, GE, S]

Asphodelus viscidulus Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 1, 7: 118 (1846) –🅰 [M, S]

25. AMARYLLIDACEAE [incl. ALLIACEAE] (4 genera, 33 taxa)

Allium ampeloprasum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 294 (1753) –🅿 [O, M, S]

Allium artemisietorum Eig & Feinbrun, Palestine J. Bot, Jerusalem ser. 3: 18 (1943) –🅿

NE [M (Mersa Matruh), S]

Allium aschersonianum Barbey in C.Barbey-Boissier & W.Barbey, Herbor. Levant: 163 (1882) –🅿 [M, S]

Allium barthianum Asch. & Schweinf., Bull. Herb, Boissier 1 (9): 670 (1893) –🅿 NE [M]

Allium blomfieldianum Asch. & Schweinf., Bull. Herb, Boissier 1: 671 (1893) –🅿 NE [M]

Allium crameri Asch. & Boiss. in P.E.Boissier, Fl. Orient. 5: 279 (1882) –🅿 E [De, S]

Allium curtum Boiss. & Gaill., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 2. 4:116 (1859).

subsp. curtum –🅿 [M, S]

subsp. palaestinum Feinbrun, Polish Bot. J. 3: 14 (1943) –🅿 NE [S (Rafah)]

Allium decaisnei C.Presl, Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 5, 3: 544 (1845).

[=Allium stamineum subsp. decaisnei (C.Presl) Kollmann, Fl. Palaestina 4: 87 (1986)] –🅿 NE [S]

Allium desertorum Forssk., Fl. Aegypt-Arab.: 72 (1775) –🅿NE [N, M, De, S]

Allium erdelii Zucc., Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 3: 236 (1843) –🅿 [M, S]

*Allium longanum Pamp., Bull. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1912: 116 (1912) –🅿 NE [M]

Allium mareoticum Bornm. & Gauba, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 31: 396 (1933) –🅿 E [M]

Allium myrianthum Boiss, Diagn. Pl. Orient, ser. 1, 5: 59 (1844) –🅿 [M, S]

Allium neapolitanum Cirillo, Pl. Rar. Neapol. 1: 13, t. 4 (1788) –🅿 [N, M, S]

Allium pallens L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2: 427 (1762) –🅿 [M, De, S]

Allium papillare Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient, ser. 1, 13: 27 (1854) –🅿 NE [S]

Allium roseum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 296 (1753).

var. tourneuxii Boiss., Fl. Orient. 5: 274 (1882) –🅿 [N, O, M, S]

Allium rothii Zucc., Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 3: 232 (1843) –🅿 NE [S]

Allium sinaiticum Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 1. 13: 31 (1854) –🅿 NE [S]

*Allium spathaceum Steud. ex A.Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 330 (1850) –🅿 [GE]

Allium sphaerocephalon L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 297 (1753).

subsp. arvense (Guss.) Arcang., Comp. Fl. Ital.: 702 (1882) –🅿 [M]

Allium stamineum Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 2, 4: 119 (1859).

[=subsp. stamineum] –🅿 [S]

*Allium subhirsutum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 295 (1753) –🅿 [M]

Allium tel-avivense Eig, Pl. Palest.: 75 (1931) –🅿 NE [M, De, S]

Allium trifoliatum Cirillo, Pl. Rar. Neapol. 2: 11 (1792).

subsp. hirsutum (Regel) Kollmann, Israel J. Bot. 24 (4): 204 (1975) –🅿 [M (Amria)]

Narcissus tazetta L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 290 (1753).

subsp. tazetta –🅿 [N, M, S]

Nothoscordum gracile (Aiton) Stearn, Taxon 35 (2): 338 (1986).

var. gracile –🅿 [N, M]

Pancratium arabicum Sickenb., Contr. Fl. Egypte: 290 (1895) –🅿

E [N, M (Alexandria Abu Qir), S (El-Arish – Rafah)]

Pancratium maritimum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 291 (1753) –🅿 [N, M, S]

Pancratium sickenbergeri Asch. & Schweinf. in C.Barbey-Boissier & W.Barbey, Herb. Levant: 158 (1882) –🅿

[N, M, D, R, GE, S]

Pancratium tortuosum Herb., Ann. Nat. Hist., ser. 1, 4: 28 (1840) –🅿NE [De, R, GE]

*Pancratium trianthum Herb., Ann. Nat. Hist. 4: 28 (1840) –🅿 [GE]

26. ASPARAGACEAE [incl. HYACINTHACEAE, DRACAENACEAE] (9 genera, 38 taxa)

Asparagus africanus Lam., Encycl. 1: 295 (1783) –🅿 [GE]

Asparagus aphyllus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 314 (1753) –🅿 [M (Mersa Matruh)]

*subsp. orientalis (Baker) P.H.Davis, Fl. Turkey 8: 77 (1984) –🅿 [M]

Asparagus horridus L.in J.A.Murray, Syst. Veg., ed. 13.: 274 (1774).

[=Asparagus stipularis Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 72 (1775)] –🆂 [N, O (Uweinat), M, De, S]

Bellevalia desertorum Eig & Feinbrun, Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 49 (2): 666, f. 1 (1932) –🅿 NE [M, S]

Bellevalia eigii Feinbrun, Palestine J. Bot, Jerusalem ser. 1(4): 357 (1939) –🅿NE [M, S]

Bellevalia flexuosa Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 1, 13: 36 (1854).

var. flexuosa –🅿 [M, De, S] var. galalensis Täckh. & Drar, Publ. Cairo Univ. Herb. 5: 80 (1974) –🅿 E [De (Galala Mountains)]

Bellevalia longipes Post, Bull. Herb. Boissier 3: 165 (1895) –🅿 [S]

Bellevalia macrobotrys Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 1, 13: 35 (1854) –🅿 [M, De, S]

Bellevalia mauritanica Pomel, Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 255 (1874) –🅿 [M]

Bellevalia romana (L.) Sweet, Hort. Brit.: 419 (1826).

[=Bellevalia romana (L.) Rchb., Fl. Germ. Excurs. 105 (1830)] –🅿 [M (Bahig)]

Bellevalia salah-eidii Täckh. & Boulos, Publ. Cairo Univ. Herb. 5: 80 (1974) –🅿

E [M (Hammam)]

Bellevalia sessiliflora (Viv.) Kunth, Enum. Pl. 4: 309 (1843) –🅿 NE [M]

Bellevalia trifoliata (Ten.) Kunth, Enum. Pl. 4: 308 (1843) –🅿 [O, M, De, S]

Bellevalia warburgii Feinbrun, Palestine J. Bot, Jerusalem ser., 1(4): 355 (1939) –🅿 NE [S]

Bellevalia zoharyi Feinbrun, Palestine J. Bot., Jerusalem ser. 1(4): 372 (1939).

var. zoharyi –🅿NE [S]

var. pyricarpa (Feinbrun) Feinbrun, Fl. Palaestina 4: 67 (1986) –🅿 NE [S]

Dipcadi erythraeum Webb & Berthel., Hist. Nat. Iles Canaries 3(2; 3): 341 (1848) –🅿 [N, O, M, De, R, GE, S]

Dipcadi viride (L.) Moench, Suppl. Meth.: 267 (1802) –🅿 [GE]

Dracaena ombet Kotschy & Peyr., Pl. Tinn.: 47 (1867).

subsp. ombet –🆃 [GE]

Drimia maritima (L.) Stearn, Ann. Mus. Goulandris 4: 204 (1978).

[=Urginea maritima (L.) Baker, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 13: 221 (1873)] –🅿 [N, M, S]

*Drimia palaestina M.B.Crespo, Mart.-Azorín & M.Á.Alonso, Pl. Syst. Evol. 306 (4, 67): 13 (2020) –🅿

NE [De, S]

Drimia purpurascens J.Jacq., Ecl. Pl. Rar.: 48 (1812).

[=Urginea undulata (Desf.) Steinh., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 2, 1: 330 (1834)] –🅿 [M]

Muscari albiflorum (Täckh. & Boulos) Hosni, Taeckholmia 11:54 (1988) –🅿E [M (Sollum), S]

Muscari bicolor Boiss., Fl. Orient. 5: 294 (1882).

[=Leopoldia bicolor (Boiss.) Eig & Feinbrun, Palestine J. Bot., Jerusalem ser. 4: 58 (1947)] –🅿 NE [M, S]

Muscari commutatum Guss., Pl. Rar.: 145 (1826) –🅿 [S]

Muscari comosum (L.) Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8: n.° (1768).

[=Leopoldia comosa (L.) Parl., Giorn. Bot. Ital. 2(2): 160 (1847)] –🅿 [O, M, D, S]

Muscari eburneum (Eig & Feinbrun) D. C. Stuart, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 30: 190 (1970).

[=Leopoldia eburnea Eig & Feinbrun, Palestine J. Bot., Jerusalem ser. 4: 58 (1947)] –🅿 NE [Dw, S]

Muscari longipes Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 1, 13: 36 (1854). subsp. negevense (Feinbrun & Danin) Hosni, Taeckholmia 12: 83 (1989).

[=Leopoldia longipes subsp. negevensis Feinbrun & Danin in Feinbrun, Fl. Palaestina 4: 397 (1986)] –🅿

NE [S (northern Sinai)]

Muscari longistylum (Täckh. & Boulos) Hosni, Taeckholmia 11: 55 (1988) –🅿 NE [M, S]

Muscari neglectum Guss. ex Ten., Ann. Civili Regno Due Sicilie 26: 48, 49 (1841).

[=Muscari neglectum Guss. ex Ten., Syll. Fl. Neap., App. 5, 13 (1842)] –🅿 [M, S]

Muscari parviflorum Desf., Fl. Atlant. 1: 309 (1798) –🅿 [M]

Muscari salah-eidii (Tackh. & Boulos) Hosni, Taeckholmia 11:55 (1988) –🅿E [S (Rafah)]

Ornithogalum arabicum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 307 (1753) –🅿 [M, S]

Ornithogalum narbonense L., Cent. Pl. 2: 15 (1756) –🅿 [M]

Ornithogalum trichophyllum Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser.2, 4: 108 (1859) –🅿 NE [N, M, S]

Prospero hanburyi (Baker) Speta, Veröff. Int. Clusius-Forschungsges. Güssing 5: 13 (1982)

[=Scilla hanburyi Baker, J. Linn. Soc., Bot.13: 235 (1873)] –🅿 NE [S]

Scilla peruviana L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 309 (1753) –🅿 [M]

27. ARECACEAE [PALMAE] (3 genera, 3 species)

Hyphaene thebaica (L.) Mart., Hist. Nat. Palm. 3: 226 (1838) –🆃 [N (mainly Qena, Aswan, Nubia), O, De, R, S]

Medemia argun (Mart.) Württemb. ex H.Wendl., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 39: 93 (1881) –🆃

NE [O (Dungul and Nakhila), De]

Phoenix dactylifera L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 1188 (1753) –🆃 [N, O, M, D, R, GE, S]

28. COMMELINACEAE (3 genera, 7 taxa)

Aneilema aequinoctiale (P.Beauv.) G.Don in J.C.Loudon, Hort. Brit.: 15 (1830). [=Aneilema aequinoctiale (P.Beauv.) Kunth, Enum. 4: 72 (1843)] –🅿 [GE]

Commelina africana L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 41 (1753).

*var. lancispatha C.B.Clarke in W.H.Harvey & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Cap. 7: 10 (1897) –🅿 [GE]

Commelina benghalensis L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 41 (1753) –🅿 [N]

*Commelina boissieriana C.B.Clarke in A.L.P.P.de Candolle & A.C.P.de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 3: 161 (1881) –🅿NE [N, M, De, S]

Commelina forskaolii Vahl, Enum. Pl. Obs. 2: 172 (1805) –🅰/🅿 [De, GE]

Commelina latifolia Hochst. ex A.Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 340 (1850).

var. latifolia –🅿 [GE]

Cyanotis vaga (Lour.) Schult. & Schult.f. in J.J.Roemer & J.A.Schultes, Syst. Veg., ed. 15 [bis]. 7: 1153 (1830).

[=Cyanotis barbata D.Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal.: 46 (1825)] –🅿 [GE]

29. PONTEDERIACEAE (1 genus, 1 species)

Pontederia crassipes Mart., Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. Bras. 1 (1): 9, 14 (1823).

[=Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms in A.L.P.P.de Candolle & A.C.P.de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 4: 527 (1883)] –🅿 [N, O, M, De]

30. TYPHACEAE (1 genus, 2 species)

Typha domingensis Pers., Syn. Pl. 2: 532 (1807).

[=Typha domingensis (Pers.) Poir. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot. 860 (1824)] –🅿 [N, O, M, De, R, S]

Typha elephantina Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed.1832. 3: 566 (1832) –🅿 [N, O (Wadi Natrun), S]

31. JUNCACEAE (1 genus, 11 taxa)

Juncus acutus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 325 (1753).

subsp. acutus –🅿 [N, O, M, De, S]

subsp. leopoldii (Parl.) Snogerup, Bot. Not. 130: 187 (1978) –🅿 [O (Wadi Natrun)]

Juncus bufonius L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 328 (1753) –🅰 [N, O, M, De, S]

*Juncus effusus L., Sp. Pl. ed. 1, 1: 326 (1753) –🅿 [S]

Juncus fontanesii J.Gay ex Laharpe, Essai Monogr. Jonc.: 42 (1825).

subsp. pyramidatus (Laharpe) Snogerup, Fl. Iranica 75: 25 (1971) –🅿 [N, O, M, S]

Juncus hybridus Brot., Fl. Lusit. 1: 513 (1804) –🅰 [N, O, M, De, S]

Juncus inflexus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 326 (1753).

subsp. inflexus –🅿 [S]

Juncus littoralis C.A.Mey, Verz. Pfl. Casp. Meer.: 34 (1831) –🅿 [N, O (Wadi Natrun), M, De, ?S]

Juncus punctorius L.f., Suppl. Pl.: 208 (1782) –🅿 [N, S]

Juncus rigidus Desf., Fl. Atlant. 1: 312 (1800) –🅿 [N, O, M, D, R, S]

Juncus subulatus Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 75 (1775) –🅿 [N, O, M, De]

32. CYPERACEAE (12 genera, 55 taxa)

Bolboschoenus glaucus (Lam.) S.G.Sm., Novon 5: 101 (1995) –🅿 [N, O, De]

*Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla in W.D.J.Koch, Syn. Deut. Schweiz. Fl., ed. 3: 2532 (1905).

subsp. maritimus –🅿 [N, O, M, S]

Carex distans L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: 1263 (1759).

subsp. distans –🅿 [N, S]

Carex divisa Huds., Fl. Angl.: 348 (1762) –🅿 [N, O, M]

Carex extensa Gooden, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 2: 175 (1794) –🅿 [M, S]

Carex pachystylis J.Gay, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 10: 301 (1838) –🅿 [M]

Cladium mariscus (L.) Pohl, Tent. Fl. Bohem. 1: 32 (1809).

subsp. mariscus –🅿 [O (Siwa), De (Suez Canal region)]

Cyperus alopecuroides Rottb., Descr. Icon. Rar. Pl.: 38 (1773) –🅿 [N, M, De]

Cyperus alternifolius L., Mant. Pl. 1: 28 (1767).

subsp. flabelliformis (Rottb.) Kük. in H.G.A.Engler, Pflanzenr., IV, 20 (Heft 101): 193 (1936) –🅿 [N]

Cyperus articulatus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 44 (1753) –🅿 [N, M, De, S]

Cyperus bulbosus Vahl, Enum. Pl. Obs. 2: 342 (1806) –🅿 [GE]

Cyperus capitatus Vand., Fasc. Pl.: 5 (1771) –🅿 [N, O (Siwa), M, S]

Cyperus compressus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 46 (1753) –🅰 [N (Damietta)]

Cyperus conglomeratus Rottb., Descr. Icon. Rar. Pl.: 21 (1773).

subsp. conglomeratus –🅿 [N, O (Siwa), M, De, R, GE, S]

Cyperus difformis L., Cent. Pl. 2: 6 (1756) –🅰 [N, O, M, S]

Cyperus digitatus Roxb., Fl. Ind. 1: 209 (1820).

subsp. auricomus (Sieber ex Spreng.) Kük., Bot. Not. 1934: 65 (1934) –🅿 [N, M]

*Cyperus dives Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 2(Mém.): 149 (1813) –🅿 [N, M, De]

Cyperus esculentus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 45 (1753) –🅿 [N, M, GE]

Cyperus flavescens L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 46 (1753).

[=Pycreus flavescens (L.) P.Beauv ex Rchb., Fl. Germ. Excurs. 72 (1830)] –🅰/🅿 [N, De]

Cyperus flavidus Retz., Observ. Bot. 5: 13 (1788).

[=Pycreus flavidus (Retz.) T.Koyama, J. Jap. Bot. 51: 316 (1976)] [De (along Suez Canal)]

Cyperus fuscus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 46 (1753) –🅰 [N, O (Bahariya), M, De]

*Cyperus glaber L., Mant. Pl. 2: 179 (1771) –🅰 [De, S]

Cyperus imbricatus Retz., Observ. Bot. 5: 12 (1788) –🅿 [N]

Cyperus laevigatus L., Mant. Pl. 2: 179 (1771).

subsp. distachyos (All.) Ball, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16: 700 (1878).

[=var. distachyos (All.) Coss. & Durieu in Expl. Sci. Algérie 2: 251 (1868)] –🅿 [N, O, M, De, S]

subsp. laevigatus

[=var. laevigatus] –🅿 [N, O, M, D, R, GE, S]

Cyperus longus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 45 (1753).

subsp. longus

[=Cyperus rotundus var. fenzelianus (Steud.) El-Hadidy in L. Boulos, Fl. Egypt Checklist: 213 (1995)] –🅿

[N, O, M, De]

Cyperus maculatus Boeckeler in W.C.H.Peters, Naturw. Reise Mossambique 6 (Bot., 2): 539 (1864).

subsp. maculatus –🅿 [N, O (Dakhla)]

Cyperus michelianus (L.) Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 2 (Mém.): 50 (1813).

subsp. pygmaeus (Rottb.) Asch. & Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2(2): 273 (1904) –🅰 [N]

Cyperus microbolbos C.B.Clarke in D.Oliver & auct. suc., Fl. Trop. Afr. 8 (2): 354 (1901) –🅿

NE [D, GE]

Cyperus mundtii (Nees) Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2: 17 (1837).

var. mundii

[=Pycreus mundtii Nees, Linnaea 10: 131 (1836)] –🅿 [N, O]

Cyperus papyrus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 47 (1753).

subsp. papyrus –🅿 [N (Damietta), O (Wadi Natrun)]

Cyperus polystachyos Rottb., Descr. Icon. Rar. Pl.: 39 (1773).

var. polystachyos

[=Pycreus polystachyos (Rottb.) P.Beauv., Fl. Oware 2: 48 (1816)] –🅰/🅿 [N, O (Bahariya, Kharga)]

Cyperus rotundus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 45 (1753).

var. rotundus –🅿 [N, O, M, D, R, GE, S]

Cyperus schimperianus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2: 34 (1854) –🅿 [N, M]

Eleocharis caduca (Delile) Schult., Mant. 2: 88 (1824) –🅿 [N, O, S]

Eleocharis geniculata (L.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. ed. 15 [bis]. 2: 150 (1817) –🅰 [N, O, M, De]

Eleocharis palustris (L.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. ed. 15 [bis]. 2: 151 (1817).

subsp. iranica Kukkonen, Ann. Bot. Fenn. 32: 156 (1995) –🅿 [N, O, M]

Eleocharis parvula (Roem. & Schult.) Link ex Bluff, Nees & Schauer, Comp. Fl. German., ed. 2, 1: 93 (1836) –🅿 [N, M]

Eleocharis quinqueflora (Hartmann) O.Schwarz, Mitt. Thüring Bot. Ges. 1: 89 (1949) –🅿 [N]

Fimbristylis bisumbellata (Forssk.) Bubani, Dodecanthea: 30 (1850) –🅰 [N, GE]

*Fimbristylis dichotoma (L.) Vahl, Enum. Pl. Obs. 2: 287 (1805) –🅰 [N, M, S]

Fimbristylis ferruginea (L.) Vahl, Enum. Pl. Obs. 2: 291 (1805).

[=Fimbristylis sieberiana Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2: 237 (1837)] –🅿 [N, O, De]

Fuirena ciliaris (L.) Roxb., Fl. Ind. 1: 184 (1820) –🅿 [N]

Fuirena pubescens (Poir.) Kunth, Enum. Pl. 2: 182 (1837).

var. pubescens –🅿 [N, O, M]

Isolepis setacea (L.) R.Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland.: 222 (1810) –🅰 [N]

*Schoenoplectiella articulata (L.) Lye, Lidia 6: 20 (2003) –🅰 [N, O, M]

Schoenoplectiella corymbosa (Roth ex Roem. & Schult.) J.R.Starr & Jim.Mejías, J. Syst. Evol. 59: 827 (2021).

[=Schoenoplectus corymbosus (Roth ex Roem. & Schult.) J.Raynal in B.Peyre de Fabregues & J.P.Lebrun, Cat. Pl. Vasc. Niger: 343 (1976)] –🅿 [N, O, M]

Schoenoplectiella mucronata (L.) J.Jung & H.K.Choi, J. Pl. Biol. 53(3): 230 (2010).

[=Schoenoplectus mucronatus (L.) Palla, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 10: 299 (1888)] –🅿 [N]

Schoenoplectiella praelongata (Poir.) Lye, Lidia 6: 26 (2003).

[=Schoenoplectus praelongatus (Poir.) J.Raynal, Adansonia, n.s., 16: 148 (1976)] –🅰 [N, O]

*Schoenoplectiella senegalensis (Steud.) Lye, Lidia 6: 27 (2003) –🅰/🅿 [O (Bahariya)]

Schoenoplectiella supina (L.) Lye, Lidia 6: 27 (2003).

[=Schoenoplectus supinus (L.) Palla, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 10: 299 (1888)] –🅰 [N, O, M]

Schoenoplectus subulatus (Vahl) Lye, Bot. Not. 124: 290 (1971).

[=Schoenoplectus litoralis subsp. thermalis (Trab.) S.S.Hooper in C.J.Saldanha & D.H.Nicolson, Fl. Hassan Distr.: 698 (1976)] –🅿 [N, O, M, De, S]

Schoenoplectus triqueter (L.) Palla, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 10 (4): 299 (1888) –🅿 [M]

Schoenus nigricans L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 43 (1753) –🅿 [S]

Scirpoides holoschoenus (L.) Soják, Čas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 140: 127 (1972).

subsp. holoschoenus

[=subsp. australis (L.) Soják, Čas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Přír. 141: 61 (1972)] –🅿 [N, O, M, GE, S]

33. POACEAE (99 genera, 279 taxa)

Achnatherum parviflorum (Desf.) M.Nobis, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 39 (2020).

subsp. parviflorum

[=Stipa parviflora Desf., Fl. Atlant. 1: 98, t. 29 (1798)] –🅿 [?O, M, De, S]

*subsp. sinaicum (Chrtek & Martinovsky) Shamso & Hosni, Sjdfs 13(3): 5 (2023) –🅿 [S]

Acrachne racemosa (B.Heyne ex Roth) Ohwi, Bull. Tokyo Sci. Mus. 18: 1 (1947) –🅰 [N]

Aegilops bicornis (Forssk.) Jaub. & Spach, Ill. Pl. Orient. 4:11, t. 309 (1851) –🅰 [N, M, De, S]

Aegilops crassa Boiss. ex Hohen., Exsicc. (Pl. Pers. Austr.) 1842: n.° 248 (1845) –🅰 [S]

Aegilops geniculata Roth, Bot. Abh. Beobacht.: 45 (1787) –🅰 [M, De, S]

Aegilops kotschyi Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 1, 7: 129 (1846) –🅰 [O, M, S]

Aegilops longissima Schweinf. & Muschl. in R.C.Muschler, Man. Fl. Egypt 1: 156 (1912) –🅰NE [M, ?S]

Aegilops peregrina (Hack.) Make & Weiller, Fl. Afrique N. 3: 358 (1955) –🅰 [M, S]

*Aegilops triuncialis L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 1051 (1753) –🅰 [S]

Aegilops ventricosa Tausch, Flora 20: 108 (1837) –🅰 [M, S]

Aeluropus lagopoides (L.) Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl.: 374 (1864) –🅿 [N, O, M, D, R, Ge, S]

Aeluropus littoralis (Gouan) Parl., Fl. Ital. 1: 461 (1850) –🅿 [R, S]

Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn., Novi Comment. Acad. Sci. Imp. Petrop. 14 (1): 540 (1770) –🅿 [M]

Agrostis stolonifera L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 62 (1753) –🅿 [De, S]

Alopecurus myosuroides Huds., Fl. Angl.: 23 (1762) –🅰 [N, M, De, S]

Ammochloa palaestina Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 1, 13: 52 (1854) –🅰 [N, M, ?S]

Andropogon distachyos L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 1046 (1753) –🅿 [S]

Aristida adscensionis L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 82 (1753) –🅰/🅿 [N, O, D, R, GE, S]

Aristida funiculata Trin. & Rupr., Sp. Gram. Stipac.: 159 (1842) –🅰 [N, O (Uweinat), M, De, R, GE, S]

Aristida mutabilis Trin. & Rupr., Sp. Gram. Stipac.: 150 (1842) –🅰 [N, O (Uweinat), M, De, R, GE, S]

Arundo donax L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 81 (1753) –🅿 [N, O, M, D, S]

Avena barbata Pott ex Link, J. Bot. (Schrader) 2: 314-315 (1800).

[=subsp. barbata] –🅰 [N, O, M, D, S]

Avena fatua L., Sp. Pl, ed. 1, 1: 80 (1753) –🅰 [N, O, M, D, S]

Avena longiglumis Durieu, Rev. Bot. Receuil Mens. 1: 359 (1845) –🅰 [N, M]

Avena sativa L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 79 (1753) –🅰 [N, O, M, D, S]

Avena sterilis L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2: 118 (1762).

subsp. ludoviciana(Durieu) Nyman, Consp. Fl. Eur.: 809 (1882).

[=subsp. ludoviciana (Durieu) Gillet & Magne, Nouv. Fl. Franç., ed. 3: 352 (1873)] –🅰 [N, O, M, D, S]

subsp. sterilis –🅰 [N, O, M, D, S]

Avena wiestii Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 231 (1854). [=Avena barbata subsp. wiestii (Steud.) Mansf., Kulturpflanze, Beih. 2: 479 (1959)] –🅰 [N, O, M, D, S]

Brachypodium distachyon (L.) P.Beauv. Ess. Agrostogr.: 101, 155, 156 (1812) –🅰 [N, O, M, De, GE, S]

Briza minor L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 70 (1753) –🅰 [N, M]

Bromus aegyptiacus Tausch, Flora 20 (1): 124 (1837) –🅰E [N, ?M, ?De]

Bromus alopecuros Poir., Voy. Barbarie 2: 100 (1789) –🅰 [N]

Bromus catharticus Vahl, Symb. Bot. 2: 22 (1791) –🅿 [N, O, M, De, S]

Bromus danthoniae Trin. in C.A.Mey., Verz. Pfl. Casp. Meer.: 24 (1831) –🅰 [S]

Bromus diandrus Roth, Bot. Abh. Beobacht.: 44 (1787).

[=var. diandrus] –🅰 [N, O, M, De, S]

Bromus fasciculatus C.Presl, Gram. Sicul.: 23 (1818) –🅰 [N, M, D, R, GE, S]

Bromus hordeaceus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 77 (1753)

subsp. hordeaceus –🅰 [N]

Bromus inermis Leyss., Fl. Halens.: 16 (1761) –🅿 [N]

Bromus japonicus Houtt., Nat. Hist. 2(13): 315 (1782). subsp. japonicus

[=Bromus japonicus Thunb. in J.A.Murray, Syst. Veg. ed. 14: 119 (1784)] –🅰 [M, De, S]

Bromus lanceolatus Roth, Catal. Bot. 1: 18 (1797) –🅰 [N]

Bromus madritensis L., Cent. Pl. 1: 5 (1755) –🅰 [N, M, De, S]

Bromus moeszii Pénzes, Magyar Bot. Lapok 33: 24 (1934).

[=Bromus tectorum subsp. lucidus Sales, Fl. Veg. Mundi 9: 32 (1991)] –🅰 [M, S]

Bromus pectinatus Thunb., Prodr. Pl. Cap. 1: 22 (1794) –🅰 [R, GE, S]

Bromus pulchellus Figure & De Not., Mem. Reale Accad. Sci. Torino, ser. 2, 12: 260 (1852) –🅰 [S]

Bromus pumilio (Trin.) P.M.Sm., Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 79: 338 (1969).

[=Boissiera squarrosa (Banks & Sol.) Nevski, Trudy Sredne-Aziatsk. Gosud. Univ., ser. 8b, Bot. 17: 30 (1934)] –🅰 [N, De, S]

Bromus rigidus Roth, Bot. Mag. (Römer & Usteri) 4(10): 21 (1790).

[=Bromus diandrus var. rigidus (Roth) Sales, Edinb. J. Bot. 50: 9 (1993)] –🅰 [N, O, M, D, S]

Bromus rubens L., Cent. Pl. 1: 5 (1755).

subsp. rubens –🅰 [N, O, M, Dw, S]

Bromus scoparius L., Cent. Pl. 1: 6 (1755) –🅰 [N, M, De, S]

Bromus sterilis L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 77 (1753) –🅰 [N]

Bromus tectorum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 77 (1753).

[=subsp. tectorum] –🅰 [M, GE, S]

Calamagrostis arenaria (L.) Roth, Tent. Fl. Germ. 1: 34 (1788).

[=Ammophila arenaria (L.) Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 105 (1827)]

*subsp. australis (Mabille) Asch. & Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2(1): 221 (1899) –🅿 [M, S]

Catapodium rigidum (L.) C.E.Hubb. in J.G.Dony, Fl. Bedfordshire: 437 (1953)

subsp. rigidum –🅰 [M, S]

Cenchrus americanus (L.) Morrone, Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 106: 127 (2010).

[=Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland.: 195 (1810)] –🅰 [N, O, D, R, GE]

Cenchrus biflorus Roxb., Fl. Ind. 1: 238 (1820) –🅰 [N, M, De, S]

Cenchrus ciliaris L., Mant. Pl. 2: 302 (1771) –🅿 [N, M, D, R, GE, S]

Cenchrus divisus (J.F.Gmel.) Verloove, Govaerts & Buttler, Phytotaxa 181: 59 (2014).

[=Pennisetum divisum (J.F.Gmel.) Henrard, Blumea 3: 162 (1938)] –🅿 [N, O, M, D, R, S]

Cenchrus echinatus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 1050 (1753) –🅰 [N]

Cenchrus longisetus M.C.Johnst., Sida 1: 182 (1963).

[=Pennisetum villosum R.Br. ex Fresen., Mus. Senckenberg. 2: 134 (1837)] –🅿 [N, M]

Cenchrus orientalis (Rich.) Morrone, Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 106: 128 (2010).

[=Pennisetum orientale Rich. in C.H.Persoon, Syn. Pl. 1: 72 (1805)] –🅿 [De, S]

Cenchrus pennisetiformis Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1 (2): 109 (1854) –🅰/🅿 [N, O, M, De, R, GE, S]

Cenchrus setaceus(Forssk.) Morrone, Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 106: 129 (2010).

[=Pennisetum setaceum (Forssk.) Chiov., Bull. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1923: 113 (1923)] –🅿 [N, M, De, GE, S]

Cenchrus setigerus Vahl, Enum. Pl. Obs. 2: 395 (1806) –🅿 [O, De, R, GE]

Cenchrus sieberianus (Schltdl.) Verloove, Willdenowia 42(1): 78 (2012).

[=Pennisetum sieberianum (Schltdl.) Stapf & C.E.Hubb., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1933: 270 (1933)] –🅰

[N, O, De, GE]

Cenchrus violaceus (Lam.) Morrone, Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 106: 130 (2010).

[=Pennisetum violaceum (Lam.) Rich. in C.H.Persoon, Syn. Pl. 1: 72 (1805)] –🅰 [N]

Centropodia forskaolii (Vahl) Cope, Kew Bull. 37: 658 (1983).

subsp. forskaolii –🅿 [N, O, M, D, R, GE, S]

Centropodia fragilis (Guinet & Sauvage) Cope, Kew Bull. 37: 658 (1983) –🅿 [De, S]

Chloris flagellifera (Nees) P.M.Peterson, Taxon 64 (3): 458 (2015).

[=Ochthochloa compressa (Forssk.) Hilu, Kew Bull. 36 (3): 560 (1981)] –🅿 [R, ?GE]

Chloris gayana Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 89 (1829) –🅿 [N, O, M]

Chloris pycnothrix Trin., Gram. Unifl. Sesquifl.: 234 (1824) –🅰 [N]

Chloris virgata Sw., Fl. Ind. Occid. 1: 203 (1797) –🅰 [N, O, M, GE]

Chrysopogon plumulosus Hochst., Jahresh. Vereins Vaterl. Naturk. Württemberg 3: 62 (1847) –🅿 [GE]

Coelachyrum brevifolium Hochst. & Nees, Linnaea 16: 221 (1842) –🅰 [N, De, R, GE]

*Corynephorus articulatus (Desf.) P.Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr.: 90 (1812) –🅰 [M, S]

Corynephorus divaricatus (Pourr.) Breistr., Procès-Verbaux Soc. Dauphin. Études Biol., Bio-Club, sér. 3, 17: 3 (1950) –🅰 [M, S]

Crithopsis delileana (Schult.) Roshev, Zlaki 319 (1937) –🅰 [M]

Cutandia dichotoma (Forssk.) Trab. in J.A.Battandier & L.C.Trabut, Fl. Algérie, Monocot.: 237 (1895) –🅰 [N, M, De, S]

Cutandia maritima (L.) Barbey, Fl. Sard. Comp. 72 (1885) –🅰 [M, De, S]

Cutandia memphitica(Spreng.) K.Richt., Pl. Eur. 1: 77 (1889).

[=Cutandia memphitica (Spreng.) Benth., J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 19: 118 (1881)] –🅰 [N, O, M, D, R, GE, S]

Cymbopogon schoenanthus (L.) Spreng., Pl. Min. Cogn. Pug. 2: 15 (1815).

subsp. proximus (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Maire & Weiller, Fl. Afrique N. 1: 287 (1952) –🅿 [De, GE, S]

subsp. schoenanthus –🅿 [De, GE, S]

Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 85 (1805) –🅿 [N, O, M, D, R, GE, S]

Cynosurus coloratus Lehm. ex Steud. in C.G.D.Nees von Esenbeck, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill.: 439

(1841) –🅰 [N, M]

Cynosurus echinatus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 72 (1753) –🅰 [M]

Dactylis glomerata L., Sp. Pl, ed. 1, 1: 71 (1753).

subsp. glomerata –🅿 [N, M]

*subsp. hispanica (Roth) Nyman, Consp. Fl. Eur.: 819 (1882) –🅿 [M]

Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Willd., Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol.: 1029 (1809) –🅰 [N, O, M, D, S]

Dactyloctenium aristatum Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 59 (1827) –🅰 [R, GE]

Dactyloctenium scindicum Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 2, 4: 131 (1859) –🅿 [N, O, M, D, R, GE, S]

Danthoniopsis barbata (Nees) C.E.Hubb., Bull. Misc. Inform, Kew 1934: 435 (1934) –🅿 [De, GE, S]

Desmazeria philistaea (Boiss.) H.Scholz, Willdenowia 6: 291 (1971).

[=subsp. rohlfsiana (Coss.) H.Scholz, Willdenowia 6: 291 (1971)] –🅰 [M]

Desmostachya bipinnata (L.) Stapf in W.H.Harvey & auct. suc., Fl. Cap. 7(4): 632 (1900) –🅿 [N, O, M, D, S]

Dichanthium annulatum (Forssk.) Stapf in D.Oliver & auct. suc., Fl. Trop. Afr. 9: 178 (1917) –🅿 [N, O, M, D, S]

Dichanthium foveolatum (Delile) Roberty, Boissiera 9: 163 (1960) –🅿 [N, D, R, GE, S]

Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koeler, Descr. Gramin.: 27 (1802) –🅰 [N, O, M, D, R, GE, S]

Digitaria nodosa Parl., Pl. Nov.: 39 (1842) –🅿 [GE]

Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop., Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 1: 52 (1771) –🅰 [N, O, M, D, R, S]

Digitaria velutina (Forssk.) P.Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr.: 51 (1812) –🅰 [GE]

Digitaria violascens Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 229 (1827) –🅰 [N]

Dinebra panicea (Retz.) P.M.Peterson & N.Snow, Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 109: 1326 (2012)

subsp. panicea

[=Leptochloa panicea (Retz.) Ohwi, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 55: 311 (1941)] –🅰 [N]

Dinebra retroflexa (Vahl) Panz., Ideen Rev. Gräser: 20 (1813)

var. retroflexa

[=Dinebra retroflexa (Vahl) Panz., Denkschr. Königl. Akad. Wiss. München 1813: 270, t. 12 (1814)] –🅰 [N, O, M, Dw, R, GE, S]

Diplachne fusca (L.) P.Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. ed. 15 [bis]. 2: 615 (1817).

subsp. fusca

[=Leptochloa fusca (L.) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 91 (1829)] –🅿 [N, O, M, D, R, GE, S]

Echinochloa colonum (L.) Link, Hort. Berol. 2: 209 (1833).

subsp. colonum –🅰 [N, O, M, D, R, GE, S]

Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P.Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr.: 53, 161 (1812).

subsp. crus-galli –🅰 [N, O, M, D, S]

Echinochloa pyramidalis (Lam.) Hitchc. & Chase, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb.18: 345 (1917) –🅿 [?N]

Echinochloa stagnina (Retz.) P.Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr.: 161 (1812) –🅿/🅰 [N, O, M, De]

Ehrharta calycina Sm., Pl. Icon. Ined.: t. 33 (1789) –🅿 [M (Ras el-Hekma)]

Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl. 1: 8, t.1, 11 (1788)

subsp. africana (Kenn. -O’Byrne) Hilu & de Wet, Phytologia 76: 411 (1994)

[=Eleusine africana Kenne-O’Byrne, Kew Bull. 12 (1): 65 (1957)] –🅰 [N, O, M, R, S]

subsp. coracana –🅰 [N, M]

Eleusine floccifolia Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16. 1: 350 (1824) –🅿 [N]

Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl. 1: 8 (1788) –🅰 [N, O, M, S]

Elionurus royleanus Nees ex A.Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 474 (1850) –🅰 [N, De, R, GE]

Enneapogon desvauxii P.Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr.: 82 (1812) –🅿/🅰 [De, R, GE, S]

Enneapogon lophotrichus Chios. ex H.Scholz & P.König, Willdenowia 13(2): 396 (1983 publ. 1984) –🅰 [GE]

Enneapogon persicus Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient, ser. 1, 5: 71 (1844) –🅿 [N, GE]

Enneapogon scaber Lehm., Nov. Stirp. Pug. 3: 41 (1831) –🅿 [GE]

Enteropogon prieurii (Kunth) Clayton, Kew Bull. 37(2): 419 (1982) –🅰 [N, De, R, GE]

Eragrostis aegyptiaca (Willd.) Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 2 (Mém.): 157 (1813).

[=subsp. aegyptiaca] –🅰 [N, M, D, GE, S]

[=subsp. humifusa H.Scholz, Willdenowia 26: 231 (1996)] –🅰 [?Egypt]

Eragrostis aspera (Jacq.) Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill. 1: 408 (1841) –🅰 [N, GE]

Eragrostis barrelieri Daveau, J. Bot. (Morot) 8: 289 (1894) –🅰 [ N, O, M, D, R, GE, S]

Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) Vignolo ex Janch., Mitt. Naturwiss. Vereins Univ. Wien 5 (9): 110 (1907) –🅰

[N, O, M, D, R, GE, S]

Eragrostis ciliaris (L.) R.Br. in J.H.Tuckey, Narr. Exped. Zaire: 478 (1818) –🅰 [De, R, GE]

Eragrostis japonica (Thunb.) Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, sér. 6, Sci. Math. 1: 405 (1830) –🅰/🅿 [N, S]

Eragrostis lepida (A.Rich.) Hochst, ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1:269 (1854) –🅰 [GE]

Eragrostis minor Host, Fl. Austriaca 1: 135 (1827) –🅰 [N, O, De, S]

Eragrostis multiflora Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 1: 401

(1830)

[=Eragrostis tremula Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 269 (1854)] –🅰/🅿 [N]

*Eragrostis nitida Link, Hort. Berol. 1: 193 (1827) –🅿E [N]

Eragrostis pilosa (L.) P.Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr.: 71 (1812) –🅰 [N, O, M, D, GE, S]

Eragrostis sarmentosa (Thunb.) Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci.

Math. 1: 398 (1830) –🅿 [M]

Eragrostis tef (Zuccagni) Trotter, Bull. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1918: 62 (1918) –🅰 [N, O]

*Eragrostis tenella (L.) P.Beauv. ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 [bis]. 2: 576 (1817) –🅰 [GE]

Eragrostis tenuifolia (A.Rich.) Hochst, ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac 1: 268 (1854) –🅿 [N]

Eragrostis viscosa (Retz.) Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 1: 397 (1830).

[=Eragrostis amabilis (L.) Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beechey Voy.: 251 (1846)] –🅰 [GE]

Eremopyrum bonaepartis (Spreng.) Nevski, Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 1:

18 (1933).

[=Eremopyrum bonaepartis (Spreng.) Nevski, Kom., Fl. URSS 2: 663 (1934)] –🅰 [S]

Eremopyrum distans (K.Koch) Nevski, Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 1: 18 (1933).

[=Eremopyrum distans (K. Koch.) Nevski, Kom., Fl. URSS 2: 663 (1934)] –🅰 [S]

Festuca brevis (Boiss. & Kotschy) Asch., Schweinf. & Muschl. in R.C.Muschler, Man. Fl. Egypt 1: 138 (1912).

[=Vulpia brevis Boiss. & Kotschy in P.E.Boissier, Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 2, 4: 139 (1859)] –🅰 [N, M, De]

Festuca bromoides L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 75 (1753).

[=Vulpia bromoides (L.) Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 124 (1821)] –🅰 [?M, ?S]

Festuca fasciculata Forssk.. Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 22 (1775).

[=Vulpia fasciculata (Forssk.) Fritsch, Excursionsfl. Oesterreich, ed. 2: 74, 692 (1909) –🅰 [N, M, S]

*Festuca membranacea (L.) Druce, Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist. 1906: 229 (1906) –🅰 [M, S]

Festuca myuros L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 74 (1753).

[=Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C.Gmel., Fl. Bad. 1: 8 (1805)] –🅰 [M, S]

Festuca pectinella Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 2 (Mém.): t. 63, f. 2 (1813).

[=Vulpia pectinella (Delile) Boiss., Fl. Orient. 5: 631 (1884)] –🅰 [N, M, De, S]

*Festuca pinifolia (Hack. ex Boiss.) Bornm., Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 48: 649 (1898) –🅿 [S]

Gastridium phleoides (Nees & Meyen) C.E.Hubb., Kew Bull. 9 (2): 375 (1954) –🅰 [M]

Halopyrum mucronatum (L.) Stapf in Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 25: t. 2448 (1896) –🅿 [R, GE]

Hemarthria altissima (Poir.) Stapf & C.E.Hubb., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1934: 109 (1934) –🅿 [N, M]

Holcus annuus Salzm. ex C.A.Mey., Verz. Pfl. Casp. Meer.: 17 (1831)

subsp. annuus –🅰 [N, M]

*subsp. setiglumis (Boiss. & Reut.) M.Seq. & Castrov., Acta Bot. Malac. 31: 236 (2006) – 🅰 [N]

Hordeum marinum Huds., Fl. Angl., ed. 2, 1: 57 (1778).

subsp. gussoneanum (Parl.) Thell.,Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 52: 441 (1908) –🅰 [N, M]

subsp. marinum –🅰 [N, O, M, Dw, GE, S]

Hordeum murinum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 85 (1753).

subsp. glaucum (Steud.) Tzvelev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 8: 67(1971) –🅰 [N, O, M, D, S]

subsp. leporinum (Link) Arcang., Comp. Fl. Ital. 805 (1882) –🅰 [N, O, M, D, S]

Hordeum vulgare L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 84 (1753)

subsp. spontaneum(K.Koch) Asch. & Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2 (1): 723 (1900).

[=Hordeum spontaneum K.Koch, Linnaea 21: 430 (1848)] –🅰 [M, S]

subsp. vulgare –🅰 [N, M, D, S]

Hyparrhenia hirta (L.) Stapf in D.Oliver & auct. suc., Fl. Trop. Afr. 9: 315 (1919) –🅿

[N, M, De, R, GE, S]

Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch, Nomencl. Bot. Pl. Illustr., ed. 3: 10 (1797) –🅿

[N, O, M, D, R, S]

Janochloa antidotalis (Retz.) Zuloaga & Delfini, Plants (Basel) 12 (4)-749: 9 (2023).

[=Panicum antidotale Retz., Observ. Bot. 4: 17 (1786)] –🅿 [N, M, R, S]

Lagurus ovatus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 81 (1753) –🅰 [M]

Lamarckia aurea (L.) Moench, Methodus: 201 (1794) –🅰 [N, M, ?De, S]

Lasiurus scindicus Henrard, Blumea 4: 514 (1941) –🅿 [N, M, D, R, GE, S]

Leersia hexandra Sw., Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ.: 21 (1788) –🅿 [N, O, M]

Leptothrium senegalense (Kunth) Clayton, Kew Bull. 27: 151 (1972) –🅿 [De, R, GE]

Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh., Novon 3 (3): 241 (1993).

subsp. arundinaceum

[=Festuca arundinacea Schreb., Spic. Fl. Lips.: 57 (1771)] –🅿 [N, M]

Lolium multiflorum Lam., Fl. Franç. 3: 621 (1779) –🅰/🅱/🅿 [N, O, M, ?D, R, S]

Lolium perenne L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 83 (1753) –🅿 [N, O, M, ?D, ?S]

Lolium rigidum Gaudin, Agrost. Helv. 1: 334 (1811) –🅰 [N, O, M, ?D, ?S]

Lolium temulentum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 83 (1753) –🅰 [N, O, M, Dw, ?S]

Lygeum spartum Loefl. ex L., Gen. Pl., ed. 5: 522 (1754) –🅿 [M, ?S]

Melanocenchris abyssinica (R.Br. ex Fresen.) Hochst., Flora 38: 274 (1855) –🅰 [De, GE, S]

Melica inaequiglumis Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 1, 7: 124 (1846).

[=Melica persica subsp. inaequiglumis (Boiss.) Bor, Fl. Iranica 70: 225 (1970)] –🅿 [S]

Melica persica Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 351 (1830).

[=Melica persica subsp. canescens (Regel) P.H. Davis, Fl. Turkey 9: 534 (1985)] –🅿 [Upper Egypt, S]

Melinis minutiflora P.Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr.: 54 (1812) –🅿 [N]

Melinis repens (Willd.) Zizka, Biblioth. Bot. 38 (138): 55 (1988).

subsp. grandiflora (Hochst.) Zizka, Biblioth. Bot. 38(138): 60 (1988) –🅰/🅿 [N] subsp. repens –🅰/🅿 [N]

Moorochloa eruciformis (Sm.) Veldkamp, Reinwardtia 12: 139 (2004).

[=Brachiaria eruciformis (Sm.) Griseb. in C.F.von Ledebour, Fl. Ross. 4: 469 (1853)] –🅰 [N, O, S]

Oloptum miliaceum (L.) Röser & Hamasha, Pl. Syst. Evol. 298: 365 (2012).

[=Oryzopsis miliacea (L.) Asch. & Schweinf., Mém. Inst. Égypt. 2: 169 (1887)] –🅿 [N, M, De, S]

Panicum coloratum L., Mant. Pl. 1: 30 (1767) –🅿 [N, O, M, De, S]

Panicum hygrocharis Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1 (1): 72 (1853) –🅿 [N, M]

Panicum miliaceum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 58 (1753) –🅰 [N, M]

Panicum repens L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2: 87 (1762) –🅿 [N, O, M, De, S]

Panicum turgidum Forssk., Fl. Aegypt-Arab.: 18 (1775) –🅿 [N, O, M, D, R, GE, S]

Parapholis filiformis (Roth) C.E.Hubb., Blumea, suppl. 3:14 (1946) –🅰 [N, ?M]

Parapholis incurva (L.) C.E.Hubb., Blumea, suppl. 3: 14 (1946) –🅰 [N, O, M, S]

Parapholis marginata Runemark, Bot. Not. 115: 8, 14 (1962) –🅰 [N, O, M, De]

Paspalum dilatatum Poir. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl. 5: 35 (1804) –🅿 [N, S]

Paspalum distichum L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: 855 (1759) –🅿 [N, O, M, S]

Paspalum racemosum Lam., Tab. Encycl. 1: 176 (1791) –🅰 [N]

*Paspalum vaginatum Sw., Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ.: 21 (1788) –🅿 [N, M]

Phalaris aquatica L., Cent. Pl. 1: 4 (1755) –🅿 [M (Ras-el-Hekma)]

Phalaris arundinacea L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 55 (1753)

[=var. picta L., Sp. Pl. ed. 1, 1: 55 (1753)] –🅿 [N]

Phalaris canariensis L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 54 (1753) –🅰 [N, M]

Phalaris coerulescens Desf., Fl. Atlant. 1: 56 (1798) –🅿 [S]

Phalaris minor Retz., Observ. Bot. 3: 8 (1783) –🅰 [N, O, M, D, S]

Phalaris paradoxa L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2: 1665 (1763) –🅰 [N, O, M, D, S]

Phleum subulatum (Savi) Asch. & Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2 (1): 154 (1899) –🅰 [?S]

Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 324 (1841).

subsp. australis –🅿 [N, O, M, D, R, S]

subsp. isiacus (Arcang.) ined.

[=subsp. altissimus (Benth.) Clayton, Taxon 17: 169 (1968)] –🅿 [N, M, D]

Phragmites mauritianus Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 80 (1829) –🅿 [N]

Piptatherum holciforme (M.Bieb.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 [bis]. 2: 328 (1817).

[=Oryzopsis holciformis (M.Bieb.) Hack., Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.- Naturwiss. Kl. 50 (2): 8 (1885)] –🅿 [S]

Poa annua L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 68 (1753) –🅰/🅿 [N, O, M, De, S]

Poa diaphora Trin., Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 1: 69 (1836). var.diaphora

[=Eremopoa altaica (Trin.) Roshev. in V.L.Komarov, Fl. URSS 2: 431 (1934)] –🅰 [N, S]

 *var. songarica (Schrenk) Soreng, Cabi & L.J.Gillespie, PhytoKeys 111: 85 (2018) –🅰 [S]

Poa infirma Kunth in F.W.H.von Humboldt, A.J.A.Bonpland & C.S.Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 1: 158 (1816) –🅰

[N, M, De, S]

Poa persica Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 1: 373 (1830).

[=Eremopoa persica (Trin.) Roshev. in V.L.Komarov, Fl. URSS 2: 430 (1934)] –🅰 [M, De, S]

Poa sinaica Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 256 (1854) –🅿 [De, S]

Polypogon maritimus Willd., Neue Schriften Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 3: 442 (1801) –🅰 [N, O, M, De, R, S]

Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf., Fl. Atlant. 1: 66 (1798) –🅰 [N, O, M, D, R, S]

Polypogon viridis (Gouan) Breistr., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 110 (Sess. Extraord.): 56 (1966) –🅿 [N, O, M, D, R, S]

Rostraria cristata (L.) Tzvelev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 7:47 (1971) –🅰 [N, O, M, D, S]

Rostraria hispida (Savi) Dogan, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 40: 509 (1983) –🅰 [?M]

Rostraria obtusiflora (Boiss.) Holub, Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 9: 271 (1974) –🅰 [M, S]

Rostraria pumila (Desf.) Tzvelev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 7: 48 (1971).

subsp. pumila –🅰 [N, M, D, R, GE, S]

*var. glabrescens (Täckh.) Hosni, Taeckholmia 11: 61 (1988) –🅰 E [S]

Rostraria rohlfsii (Asch.) Holub, Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 9: 272 (1974) –🅰 [O (Bahariya)]

Saccharum spontaneum L., Mant. Pl. 2: 183 (1771).

subsp. aegyptiacum (Willd.) Hack. in A.L.P.P.de Candolle & A.C.P.de Candolle, Monogr.

Phan. 6: 115 (1889) –🅿 [N, O, M, D, R, S]

subsp. spontaneum –🅿 [N, M, S]

Schismus arabicus Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill. 1: 422 (1841) –🅰 [N, M, D, GE, S]

Schismus barbatus (L.) Thell., Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 7: 391 (1907) –🅰

[N, O, M, D, R, GE, S]

Schmidtia pappophoroides Steud. ex J.A.Schmidt, Beitr. Fl. Cap. Verd. Ins.: 145 (1852) –🅿 [O]

Schoenefeldia gracilis Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 283, t. 53 (1830) –🅰 [N]

Setaria geminata (Forssk.) Veldkamp, Blumea 39: 377 (1994).

[=Paspalidium geminatum (Forssk.) Stapf in D.Oliver & auct. suc., Fl. Trop. Afr. 9: 583 (1920)] –🅿

[N, O, M, De, R, S]

Setaria obtusifolia (Delile) Morrone, Syst. Bot. Monogr. 96: 85 (2014).

[=Paspalidium obtusifolium (Delile) Simpson, Bull. Minist. Agric. Egypt, Techn. Sci. Serv, 93: 10 (1930)] –🅿

[N, M]

Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 [bis]. 2: 891 (1817) –🅰 [N, O, M, GE, S]

Setaria verticillata (L.) P.Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr.: 51 (1812) –🅰 [N, O, M, D, R, GE, S]

Setaria viridis (L.) P.Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr.: 51 (1812) –🅰 [N, O, M, De, GE, S]

Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, Methodus: 207 (1794)

subsp. verticilliflorum (Steud.) de Wet ex Wiersema & J.Dahlb.,Taxon 56 (3): 944 (2007).

[=Sorghum arundinaceum (Desv.) Stapf in D.Oliver & auct. suc., Fl. Trop. Afr. 9: 114 (1917)] –🅰/🅿 [?N]

Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 101 (1805) –🅿 [N, O, M]

Sorghum virgatum (Hack.) Stapf in D.Oliver & auct. suc., Fl. Trop. Afr. 9: 111 (1917) –🅰 [N, O, M, De, S]

Sphenopus divaricatus (Gouan) Rchb., Fl. Germ. Excurs.: 45 (1830) –🅰 [N, O, M, De, S]

*Sphenopus ehrenbergii Hausskn., Mitth. Thüring. Bot. Vereins, n.f., 13-14: 57 (1899) –🅰 NE [M]

Sporobolus aculeatus (L.) P.M.Peterson, Taxon 63(6): 1234 (2014).

[=Crypsis aculeata (L.) Aiton, Hort. Kew. 1: 48 (1789)] –🅰 [N, M]

Sporobolus alopecuroides (Piller & Mitterp.) P.M.Peterson, Taxon 63 (6): 1234 (2014).

[=Crypsis alopecuroides (Piller & Mitterp.) Schrad., Fl. Germ. 1: 167 (1806)] –🅰 [N, M, De, S]

Sporobolus ioclados (Nees ex Trin.) Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill. 1: 161 (1841) –🅿 [?D, ?GE]

Sporobolus niliacus (Figure & De Not.) P.M.Peterson, Taxon 63 (6): 1234 (2014).

[=Crypsis vaginiflora (Forssk.) Opiz, Naturalientausch 8: 83 (1824)] –🅰 [N, O, De]

Sporobolus pungens (Schreb.) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 68 (1829) –🅿 [N, M, Dw, S]

Sporobolus schoenoides (L.) P.M.Peterson, Taxon 63 (6): 1234 (2014).

[=Crypsis schoenoides (L.) Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 166, t. 42, 1 (1791)] –🅰 [N, O, M, De, R]

Sporobolus spicatus (Vahl) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 1: 67 (1829) –🅿 [N, O, M, D, R, GE, S]

Stipa arabica Trin. & Rupr., Sp. Gram. Stipac.: 77 (1842) –🅿 [S]

Stipa lagascae Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 [bis]. 2: 333 (1817) –🅿 [O, M, De, S]

*Stipa letourneuxii Trab., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 36: 405 (1889) –🅿 [M, De]

Stipagrostis acutiflora (Trin. & Rupr.) De Winter, Kirkia 3: 133 (1963) –🅿 [N, O, D, R, S]

Stipagrostis ciliata (Desf.) De Winter, Kirkia 3: 133 (1963)

*var. ciliata –🅿 [N, M, D, R, GE, S]

Stipagrostis drarii (Täckh.) De Winter, Kirkia 3: 134 (1963) –🅿 [S]

Stipagrostis hirtigluma (Steud. exTrin. & Rupr.) De Winter, Kirkia 3: 134 (1963) –🅰/🅿 [N, O, D, R, GE, S]

var. hirtigluma

 [=Stipagrostis affinis H.Scholz, Willdenowia 30: 274 (2000)] –🅿 [S]

Stipagrostis lanata (Forssk.) De Winter, Kirkia 3: 135 (1963) –🅿 [N, O, M, D, R, S]

Stipagrostis multinerva H.Scholz, Österr. Bot. Z. 117: 289 (1969) –🅿 [S]

Stipagrostis obtusa (Delile) Nees, Linnaea 7: 293 (1832) –🅿 [N, M, De, S]

Stipagrostis paradisea (Edgew.) De Winter, Kirkia 3: 135 (1963) –🅿 [N, De]

Stipagrostis plumosa (L.) Munro ex T.Anderson, J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 5 (Suppl. 1): 40 (1860)

*var. brachypoda (Tausch) Bor, Taxon 16: 467 (1967) –🅿 [N, O, M, D, R, GE, S]

*subsp. seminuda (Trin. & Rupr.) H.Scholz, Willdenowia 6: 295 (1971) –🅿 [N, O, M, D, R, GE, S]

*Stipagrostis pungens (Desf.) De Winter, Kirkia 3: 135 (1963) –🅿 [N, O, Dw]

Stipagrostis raddiana (Savi) De Winter, Kirkia 3: 135 (1963) –🅿 [N, O, D, GE, S]

Stipagrostis scoparia (Trin. & Rupr.) De Winter, Kirkia 3: 136 (1963) –🅿 [N, O, M, D, S]

Stipagrostis shawii (H.Scholz) H.Scholz, Österr. Bot. Z. 117: 290 (1969) –🅰 NE [O (Uweinat)]

Stipagrostis uniplumis (Licht.) De Winter, Kirkia 3: 136 (1963) – 🅿 [N, De, R, GE, S]

Stipagrostis vulnerans (Trin. & Rupr.) De Winter, Kirkia 3: 136 (1963) –🅿 [N, O, D, S]

Stipellula capensis (Thunb.) Röser & Hamasha, Schlechtendalia 24: 92 (2012).

[=Stipa capensis Thunb., Prodr. Pl. Cap.: 19 (1794)] –🅰 [N, M, D, R, S]

Taeniatherum caput-medusae (L.) Nevski, Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 1: 22 (1933).

[=Taeniatherum caput-medusae (L.) Nevski, Trudy Sredne-Aziatsk. Gosud. Univ., ser. 8b, Bot. 17: 38 (1934)] –🅰 [S]

Tetrapogon cenchriformis (A.Rich.) Clayton, Kew Bull. 16 (2): 250 (1962) –🅰/🅿 [GE]

Tetrapogon villosus Desf., Fl. Atlant. 2: 388 (1799) –🅿 [M, De, GE, S]

Themeda triandra Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 178 (1775) –🅿 [N, De]

Thinopyrum elongatum (Host) D.R.Dewey, P.Gustafson (ed.), Gene Manipulat. in Pl. Improv.: 274 (1984).

[=Elymus elongatus (Host) Runemark, Hereditas (Lund) 70: 156 (1972)] –🅿 [M, S]

Thinopyrum junceum (L.) Á.Löve, Taxon 29: 351 (1980)

[=Elymus farctus (Viv.) Runemark ex Melderis, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 76 (4): 382 (1978)] –🅿 [M, S]

Tragus berteronianus Schult., Mant. 2: 205 (1824) –🅰 [N, De, R, GE]

Tragus racemosus (L.) All., Fl. Pedem. 2: 241 (1785) –🅰 [De, R, GE]

Tricholaena teneriffae (L.f.) Link, Handbuch 1: 91 (1829)

*subsp. teneriffae –🅿 [De, R, GE, S]

Trichoneura mollis (Kunth) Ekman, Ark. Bot. 11(9): 10 (1912) –🅰 [De, R, GE]

Triplachne nitens (Guss.) Link, Hort. Berol. 2: 241 (1833) –🅰 [M, S]

Triraphis pumilio R.Br., Narr. Travels Africa, App. XXII: 245 (1826) –🅰 [De, R, GE]

Trisetaria glumacea (Boiss.) Maire, Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 33: 93 (1942) –🅰 [M, D, S]

Trisetaria koelerioides (Bornm. & Hack.) Melderis, Ark. Bot., a.s. 2: 292 (1952) –🅰 NE [M, S]

Trisetaria linearis Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: lx, 27 (1775) –🅰 [N, M, De, S]

Trisetaria macrochaeta (Boiss.) Maire, Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 33: 92 (1942) –🅰 [N, M, De, S]

Urochloa deflexa (Schumach.) H.Scholz, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia 11: 443 (1989).

[=Brachiaria deflexa (Schumach.) C.E.Hubb. ex Robyns, Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 9: 181 (1932)] –🅰

[N, De, R, GE]

Urochloa leersioides (Hochst.) A.M.Torres & C.M.Morton, Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 37: 42 (2005).

[=Brachiaria leersioides (Hochst.) Stapf in D.Oliver & auct. suc., Fl. Trop. Afr. 9 (3): 551 (1919)] –🅰 [De, GE]

Urochloa mutica (Forssk.) T.Q.Nguyen, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 3: 13 (1966).

[=Brachiaria mutica (Forssk.) Stapf in D.Oliver & auct. suc., Fl. Trop. Afr. 9: 526 (1919)] –🅿 [N, M, S]

Urochloa panicoides P.Beauv. Ess. Agrostogr.: 52 (1812) –🅰 [N]

Urochloa ramosa (L) T.Q.Nguyen, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 3: 13 (1966).

[=Brachiaria ramosa (L.) Stapf in D.Oliver & auct. suc., Fl. Trop. Afr. 9: 542 (1919)] –🅰 [De, R, GE]

Urochloa reptans (L.) Stapf in D.Oliver & auct. suc., Fl. Trop. Afr. 9: 601 (1920).

[=Brachiaria reptans (L.) C.A.Gardner & C.E.Hubb. in Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 34: t. 3363 (1938)] –🅰 [N, M, De]

Vossia cuspidata (Roxb.) Griff., Ic. Pl. Asiat.: t. 153 (1851) –🅿 [N]

34. CERATOPHYLLACEAE (1 genus, 2 taxa)

Ceratophyllum demersum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2: 992 (1753)

var. demersum –🅿 [N, M, De (along Suez Canal)]

Ceratophyllum muricatum Cham., Linnaea 4 (4): 504 (1829)

subsp. muricatum –🅿 [N]

35. PAPAVERACEAE [incl. FUMARIACEAE & HYPECOACEAE] (6 genera, 30 taxa)

Argemone mexicana L., Sp. Pl., ed.1, 1: 508 (1753) –🅰 [N, De]

Fumaria bracteosa Pomel, Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 2: 239 (1875) –🅰 [M, S]

Fumaria capreolata L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 701 (1753)

subsp. capreolata –🅰 [M, S]

Fumaria densiflora DC., Cat. Pl. Hort. Monsp.: 113 (1813) –🅰 [N, O, M, De, S]

Fumaria gaillardotii Boiss., Fl. Orient. 1: 139 (1867) –🅰 [M, S]

Fumaria judaica Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 1, 8: 15 (1849).subsp. judaica –🅰 [N, M]

Fumaria microstachys Kralik ex Hausskn., Flora 56: 552 (1873) –🅰E [M]

Fumaria officinalis L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 700 (1753). subsp. officinalis –🅰 [M]

Fumaria parviflora Lam, Encycl. 2: 567 (1788)

var. parviflora –🅰 [N, M, De, R, S]

Glaucium arabicum Fresen., Mus. Senckenberg. 1: 174 (1833) –🅿 [M, S]

Glaucium corniculatum (L.) Rudolph, Fl. Jenensis Pl.: 13 (1781).

[=G. corniculatum subsp. corniculatum] –🅰 [N (Cairo region), M, S]

Glaucium flavum Crantz, Stirp. Austr. Fasc. 2: 133 (1763) –🅿 [S]

Glaucium grandiflorum Boiss. & A.Huet in P.E.Boissier, Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 2, 5: 15 (1856).

subsp. grandiflorum –🅿 [M, S]

Hypecoum aegyptiacum (Forssk.) Asch. & Schweinf., Mém. Inst. Egypt. 2: 37 (1887) –🅰

NE [N, M, S]

Hypecoum aequilobum Viv., Fl. Libyc. Spec.: 7 (1824) –🅰 NE [M, S]

Hypecoum dimidiatum Delile, Fl. Arabie Pétrée: 84 (1830) –🅰NE [S]

Hypecoum imberbe Sm. in J.Sibthorp & J.E.Smith, Fl. Graec. Prodr. 1: 107 (1806) –🅰

[N (Faiyum), M, S (Rafah)]

Hypecoum littorale Wulfen in N.J.von Jacquin, Collectanea 2: 205 (1789) –🅰 [S]

Hypecoum procumbens L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1:124 (1753).subsp. procumbens –🅰 [M]

Hypecoum pendulum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 124 (1753).

var. pendulum –🅰 [N, M, De, S]

Papaver decaisnei Hochst. & Steud. ex Elkan, Tent. Monogr. Papav. 26 (1839)

var. decaisnei

[=Papaver decaisnei (Elkan) Hochst. & Steud. ex Boiss., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2,16: 372 (1845)] –🅰 [De, S]

Papaver dubium L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 1196 (1753).

subsp. dubium –🅰 [M, S]

Papaver humile Fedde, Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 5: 446 (1905)

subsp. humile –🅰 NE [M, S]

Papaver macrostomum Boiss. & A.Huet, Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 2, 5: 15 (1856)

var. macrostomum

[=Papaver macrostomum Boiss. & A. Huet in Boiss., Fl. Orient. 1: 115 (1867)] –🅰 [S (Rafah)]

Papaver rhoeas L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 507 (1753)

subsp. rhoeas –🅰 [N, M, De, S]

*Papaver somniferum L., Sp. Pl.: 508 (1753) –🅰 [S]

Roemeria argemone (L.) C.Morales, R.Mend. & Romero García, Lagascalia 15 (Extra): 184 (1988).[=Papaver argemone L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 506 (1753)] –🅰 [M, S]

Roemeria hybrida (L.) DC., Syst. Nat. 2: 92 (1821)

subsp. dodecandra (Forssk.) Maire in É.Jahandiez & al., Cat. Pl. Maroc 2: 257 (1932) –🅰 [N, M, De, S]

subsp. hybrida –🅰 [M, S]

Roemeria sicula (Guss.) Galasso, Banfi, L. Sáez & Bartolucci, Ital. Botanist 15: 101 (2023).

[=Papaver hybridum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 506 (1753)] –🅰 [N, M, S]

36. MENISPERMACEAE (2 genera, 2 species)

Cebatha pendula (J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 9 (1891)

[=Cocculus pendulus (J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.) Diels in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., 4, 94 (46): 237 (1910)] –🅻

[N (Aswan Nile islands), D, R, GE, S]

*Cocculus hirsutus (L.) W.Theob. in F.Mason, Burmah, ed. 3, 2: 657 (1860) –🅲 [S]

37. BERBEDIACEAE (1 genus, 1 species)

Leontice leontopetalum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 312 (1753).

[=Leontice leontopetalum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 312 (1753) subsp. leontopetalum] –🅿 [M, S]

38. RANUNCULACEAE (5 genera, 22 taxa)

*Adonis microcarpa DC., Syst. Nat. 1: 223 (1817). subsp. microcarpa –🅰 [M]

Adonis dentata Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 287, t. 53 (1813).

[=Adonis dentata subsp. dentata] –🅰 [M, De, S]

Anemone coronaria L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 539 (1753) –🅿 [M, S]

Delphinium bovei Decne., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot, sér. 2, 4: 356 (1835) –🅰 NE [S]

Delphinium flavum DC., Syst. Nat. 1: 346 (1817).

[=Consolida flava (DC.) Schrödinger, Ann. K. K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 27: 43 (1913)] –🅰 [M, S]

*Delphinium nanum DC., Syst. Nat. 1: 349 (1817) –🅰/🅱 NE [M, Dw]

*Delphinium peregrinum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 531 (1753) –🅰 [S]

Nigella arvensis L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 534 (1753).

*subsp. negevensis (Zohary) Greuter & Burdet, Willdenowia 19: 45 (1989) –🅰 NE [S]

subsp. taubertii (Brand) Maire, Fl. Afrique N. 11: 40 (1964) –🅰 NE [M]

Nigella deserti Boiss., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 2, 16: 359 (1841) –🅰 [M, S (Rafah)]

Nigella sativa L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 534 (1753)

var. sativa –🅰 [N, M]

Ranunculus arvensis L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 555 (1753) –🅰 [M]

Ranunculus asiaticus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 552 (1753) –🅰 [M, S]

Ranunculus bulbosus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 554 (1753)

*subsp. aleae (Willk.) Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 1: 106 (1893) –🅿 [N]

Ranunculus fucoides Freyn, in M.Willkomm & J.M.C.Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 3: 912 (1880).

[=Ranunculus peltatus Schrank, Baier, Fl. 2: 103 (1789) subsp. fucoides (Freyn) Muñoz Garm., Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 41: 477 (1985)] –🅰/🅿 [M (Alexandria)]

Ranunculus marginatus d’Urv., Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 318 (1822) –🅰 [N, O, M]

Ranunculus millefolius Banks & Sol. in A.Russell, Nat. Hist. Aleppo, ed. 2, 2: 254 (1794).subsp. hierosolymitanus (Boiss.) P.H.Davis, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 23: 150 (1960) –🅿 [M]

Ranunculus muricatus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 555 (1753) –🅰 [M]

Ranunculus rionii Lagger, Flora (Regensburg) 31: 49 (1848) –🅰 [N, O]

Ranunculus sceleratus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 551 (1753) –🅰 [N, O, M]

Ranunculus sphaerospermus Boiss. & C.I.Blanche in P.E.Boissier, Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 2, 5: 6 (1856).

[=Ranunculus peltatus Schrank, Baier, Fl. 2: 103 (1789)

subsp. sphaerospermus (Boiss. & C.I.Blanche) Meikle, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 23: 16 (1959)] –🅰/🅿 [M]

Ranunculus trichophyllus Chaix, Pl. Vapinc. 31 (1785) –🅰/🅿 [N]

39. CARYOPHYLLACEAE (27 genera and 113 taxa)

Arenaria deflexa Decne., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 2, 3: 277 (1835). subsp. deflexa –🅿 [S] *var. glabrata Danin, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 32 (2): 263 (1973) –🅿 E [S]

*Arenaria leptoclados (Rchb.) Guss., Fl. Sicul. Syn. 2: 284 (1844) –🅰 [GE]

Arenaria serpyllifolia L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 423 (1753)

var. serpyllifolia –🅰 [S]

Atocion armeria (L.) Raf., Autik. Bot.: 29 (1840). [=Silene armeria L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 420 (1753)] –🅰 [N (Cairo), M]

Bolanthus hirsutus (Labill.) Barkoudah, Wentia 9: 168 (1962).

*var. alpinus (Boiss.) Barkoudah, Wentia 9: 168 (1962) –🅿NE [S]

var. hirsutus –🅿 [S]

Bufonia multiceps Decne., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot, sér. 2, 3: 278 (1835) –🅿 E [S]

Cerastium dichotomum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 438 (1753).

[=Cerastium dichotomum subsp. dichotomum] –🅰 [S]

Cerastium glomeratum Thuil., Fl. Env. Paris, ed. 2, 226 (1799) –🅰 [S]

Cerastium inflatum Gren., Mém. Compt. Rend. Soc. Émul. Doubs 1: 6, 45 (1841). [=Cerastium dichotomum subsp. inflatum (Link) Cullen, Notes Roy, Bot. Gard. Edinb. 27: 211 (1967)] –🅰

[S]

Cometes abyssinica R.Br. ex Wall., Pl. Asiat. Rar. 1: 18, t. 18 (1830) –🆂 [De, R, GE, S]

Cometes surattensis L., Mant. Pl.: 39 (1767) –🅰 [S]

Dianthus cyri Fisch. & C.A.Mey., Index Sem. Hort. Petrop. 4: 34 (1837) –🅰 [N, O]

Dianthus guessfeldtianus Muschl., Man. Fl. Egypt: 330 (1912) –🅿 E [De (Galala)]

Dianthus illyricus (Ard.) Fassou, N.Korotkova, Dimop. & Borsch

subsp. angustifolius (Poir.) Fassou, N.Korotkova, Dimop. & Borsch, PhytoKeys 196: 113 (2022).

[=Petrorhagia illyrica (Ard.) P.W.Ball & Heywood subsp. angustifolia (Poir.) P.W.Ball & Heywood, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Bot. 3: 136 (1964)] –🅿 [M (Mersa Matruh)]

Dianthus libanotis Labill., Icon. Pl. Syr. 1: 14, t. 5 (1791) –🅿 [S]

Dianthus monadelphus Vent.

subsp. judaicus(Boiss.) Greuter & Burdet, Willdenowia 12 (2): 186 (1982).

[=Dianthus judaicus Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient, ser. 1, 8: 66 (1849)] –🅿 [S]

Dianthus sinaicus Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 1, 1: 23 (1843) –🅿 NE [S]

Dianthus strictus Banks & Sol.

subsp. multipunctatus(Ser.) Mouterde ex Greuter & Burdet, Willdenowia 12 (2): 187 (1982) –🅿 [S]

Eremogone picta (Sm.) Dillenb. & Kadereit, Taxon 63(1): 83 (2014).[=Minuartia picta (Sibth. & Sm.) Bornm., Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 28: (2) 148 (1911) var. picta] –🅰 [De, S]

Eremogone sinaica (Boiss.) Dillenb. & Kadereit, Taxon 63(1): 83 (2014). [=Minuartia picta var. sinaica (Boiss). Bornm., Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 28 (2): 148 (1911)] –🅰 NE [S]

Gymnocarpos decander Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 65 (1775) –🆂 [N, M, D, S]

Gymnocarpos sclerocephalus (Decne.) Dahlgren & Thulin, Edinb. J. Bot. 59 (2): 233 (2002).

[=Sclerocephalus arabicus Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser, 1, 3: 12 (1843)] –🅰 [De, R, GE, S]

Gypsophila capillaris (Forssk.) C.Chr., Dansk Bot. Arkiv. 4 (3): 19 (1922).

subsp. capillaris –🅰/🅿 [De]

subsp. confusa Zmarzty, Kew Bull. 48: 694 (1994) –🅰/🅿 [Dw, S]

Gypsophila coelesyriaca (Boiss. & Hausskn.) F.N.Williams, J. Bot. 27: 322 (1889).

[=Ankyropetalum gypsophiloides var. coelesyriacum (Boiss. & Hausskn.) Barkoudah, Wentia 9: 174 (1962)] –🅿

[S]

Gypsophila linearifolia (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Boiss., Fl. Orient. 1: 550 (1867) –🅰 [S]

*Gypsophila pilosa Huds., Philos. Trans. 56: 252 (1767).

var. pilosa –🅰 [N]

Gypsophila vaccaria (L.) Sm., J.Sibthorp & J.E.Smith, Fl. Graec. Prodr. 1: 279 (1809).

[=Vaccaria hispanica (Mill.) Rauschert, Wiss, Zeitschr. Martin Luther Univ. Halle-Wittenberg, Math-Naturwiss. Reihe 14: 496 (1965) subsp. hispanica] –🅰 [N, O, M, S] [=V. hispanica subsp. oxyodonta (Boiss.) Greuter & Burdet, Willdenowia 12 (2): 191 (1982)] –🅰 [N, De]

Gypsophila viscosa Murray, Commentat. Soc. Regiae Sci. Gott., ser. 2, 6: 9, t. 3 (1783) –🅰

[S]

Herniaria cinerea DC. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck & A.P.de Candolle, Fl. Fr., ed. 3, 5: 375 (1815) –🅰 [O, M, De, S]

Herniaria cyrenaica F.Herm., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 42: 221 (1937) –🅿NE [M]

Herniaria fontanesii J.Gay, Rev. Bot. Recueil Mens. 2: 371 (1847) –🅿 [M, S]

Herniaria glabra L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 218 (1753) –🅿 [S]

Herniaria hemistemon J.Gay, Rev. Bot. Recueil Mens. 2: 371 (1847) –🅿 [M, De, S]

Herniaria hirsuta L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 218 (1753) –🅰 [O, M, D, S]

Holosteum umbellatum L.

subsp. glutinosum (M.Bieb.) Nyman, Consp. Fl. Eur.: 112 (1878) –🅰 [S]

Loeflingia hispanica L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 35 (1753) –🅰 [M, S]

Minuartia meyeri (Boiss.) Bornm., Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 27 (2): 318 (1910) –🅰 [S]

Paronychia arabica (L.) DC., Cat. Pl. Horti Monsp.: 130 (1813).[=Paronychia arabica (L.) DC. in Lam., Encycl. 5: 24 (1804)]

subsp. arabica –🅰/🅿 [N, M, D, R, S]

*subsp. breviseta (Asch.) Chaudhri, Meded. Bot. Mus. Herb. Rijks Univ. Utrecht 285: 204 (1968) –🅰/🅿

[M, De, GE, S]subsp. longiseta(Bertol.) Batt., Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 46: 267 (1900) –🅰/🅿 [M, D, S]

Paronychia argentea Lam., Fl. Fr. 3: 230 (1779) –🅰/🅿 [O, M, GE, S]

Paronychia capitata (L.) Lam., Fl. Fr. 3: 229 (1779).

subsp. capitata –🅿 [M]

*Paronychia chlorothyrsa Murb., Acta Univ. Lund. 32 (12): 48 (1896).var. chlorothyrsa –🅰/🅿 [N, M]

Paronychia sinaica Fresen., Mus. Senckenberg. 1: 180 (1833) –🅿 NE [De, S]

Petrorhagia arabica (Boiss.) P.W.Ball & Heywood, Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Bot. 3: 143 (1964) –🅰 NE [S]

Polycarpaea corymbosa (L.) Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 2: 129 (1797). var. corymbose –🅰 [GE]

Polycarpaea repens (Forssk.) Asch. & Schweinf., Österr. Bot. Z. 39: 126 (1889) –🅿 [N, M, D, R, GE, S]

Polycarpaea robbairea (Kuntze) Greuter & Burdet, Willdenowia 12 (2): 189 (1982) subsp. robbairea –🅿 [N, M, D, R, GE, S]

Polycarpaea spicata Wight ex Arn., Ann. Nat. Hist., sér. 1, 3(15): 91 (1839) –🅰 [De, R, GE]

Polycarpon alsinifolium (Biv.) DC., Prodr. 3: 376 (1828)  

[=Polycarpon tetraphyllum var. alsinifolium (Biv.) Batt, J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 16: 370 (1877)] –🅰 [N, M, D, S]

Polycarpon prostratum (Forssk.) Asch. & Schweinf., Österr. Bot. Z. 39: 128 (1889)

var. prostratum –🅰 [N, De]

Polycarpon succulentum J.Gay, Rev. Bot. Recueil Mens. 2: 372 (1847) –🅰 [N, M, De, R, S]

Polycarpon tetraphyllum (L.) L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10: 881 (1759).

subsp. tetraphyllum [=var. tetraphyllum] –🅰 [N, O, M, De, GE, S]

Pteranthus dichotomus Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. LXII: 36 (1775) –🅰 [N, M, D, R, S]

Rhodalsine geniculata (Poir.) F.N.Williams, Bull. Herb. Boissier 6: 7 (1898).

[=Minuartia geniculata (Poir.)Thell., Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Math. Cherbourg 38: 231 (1912)] –🅿

[N (Faiyum), M, S]

Sabulina mediterranea (Ledeb. ex Link) Rchb., Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 5: 27 (1841)

[=Minuartia mediterranea (Ledeb. ex Link) K.Malý, Glasn. Zemaljsk. Muz. Bosni Hercegovini 20: 363 (1908)] –

🅰 [M]

Sabulina tenuifolia (L.) Rchb., Fl. Germ. Excurs. 2: 785 (1832). subsp. tenuifolia –🅰 [M, Dw] [=Minuartia hybrida (Vill.) Schischk. in Kom., Fl. USSR 6: 488 (1936) subsp. hybrida]

Sagina apelata Ard., Animadv. Bot. Spec. Alt.: 22, t. 1, f. 8 (1764) –🅰 [S]

Silene aegyptiaca (L.) L.f., Suppl. Pl.: 241 (1782) –🅰 [M, S]

Silene alexandrina (Asch.) Danin, Israel J. Bot. 36: 65 (1987). [=Silene apetala Willd. var. alexandrina Asch. in Asch. & Schweinf., Mém. Inst. Egypt. 2: 46 (1887)] –🅰 [M]

Silene apetala Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4, 2 (1): 703 (1799). var. apetala –🅰 [O, M, S]

*var. glabrata A.Hosny & E.Shamso, Taeckholmia 14: 33 (1993) –🅰 E [M]

*var. grandiflora Boiss., Fl. Orient. 1: 597 (1867) –🅰 [N, De]

Silene arabica Boiss., Fl. Orient. 1: 593 (1867) –🅰 [R, S]

Silene behen L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 418 (1753) –🅰 [N, M, De, S]

Silene biappendiculata Ehrh. ex Rohrb., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 25: 82 (1867) –🅰

var. biappendiculata NE [M, S]

Silene colorata Poir., Voy. Barbarie 2: 163 (1789).

subsp. colorata

[=var. colorata] –🅰 [N, M, D, S]

Silene coniflora Nees ex Otth in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 1: 371 (1824) –🅰

[M (Ras El-Hekma)]

Silene conoidea L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 418 (1753). var. conoidea [De, S]

*var. obcordata Boiss., Fl. Orient. 1: 580 (1867) –🅰 NE [S]

Silene diversifolia subsp. bergiana (Lindm.) L., Medina, Acta Bot. Malac. 40: 365 (2015).

[=Silene rubella L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 419 (1753) var. rubella] –🅰 [N, O, M, De, S]

Silene fruticosa L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 417 (1753).

*subsp. cyrenaica Bég. & A.Vacc., Sp. Nuov. Rar. Fl. Lib.: 2 (1912) –🅿NE [M] subsp. fruticosa –🅿 [M]

Silene gallica L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 417 (1753) –🅰 [N, O, M]

Silene hussonii Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 1, 8: 76 (1849) –🅰 NE [S]

Silene leucophylla Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser.1, 1: 29 (1843) –🅿E [S (St. Katherine)]

Silene linearis Decne., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot, sér. 2, 3: 276 (1835) –🅰 [M, De, R, S]

Silene longipetala Vent., Descr. Pl. Nouv.:83, t. 83 (1802) –🅿 [M, S]

Silene nocturna L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 416 (1753).

*var. brachypetala (Robill. & Castagne ex DC.) Benth., Consp. Fl. Eur. 96 (1878) –🅰 [N, M, De, S]

var. nocturna [O, M, De, S]

Silene odontopetala Fenzl, Pug. Pl. Nov. Syr.: 9 (1842).

var. congesta Boiss., Fl. Orient. 1: 626 (1867) –🅿 E [S (St. Katherine)]

Silene oliveriana Otth in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 1: 373 (1824). [=Silene colorata var. oliveriana (Otth) Muschl., Man. Fl. Egypt 1: 338 (1912)] –🅰 [M, De, S]

Silene oreosinaica Chowdhuri, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 22: 269 (1957) –🅿

E [S (St. Katherine)]

Silene palaestina Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 1, 8: 80 (1849) –🅰 NE [S]

Silene pendula L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 418 (1753) –🅰 [M, S]

Silene pseudoatocion Desf., Fl. Atlant. 1: 353 (1798) –🅰 [N (Cairo)]

Silene schimperiana Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 1, 1: 31 (1843) –🅿 NE [S]

Silene chirensis A.Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 44 (1848).

[=Silene burchellii Otth ex DC. Prodr. 1: 374 (1824) var. schweinfurthii (Rohrb.) Täckh. & Boulos, Publ. Cairo Univ. Herb. 5: 16 (1974)] –🅰 [R, GE]

Silene succulenta Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. LXVI: 89 (1775)

subsp. succulenta–🅿 [N, M, S]

Silene tridentata Desf., Fl. Atlant. 1: 349 (1798) –🅰 [M]

Silene villosa Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 88, non 210 (1775).

var. erecta Täckh. & Boulos, Publ. Cairo Univ. Herb. 5: 17, f. 3 (1974) –🅰 NE [De, GE]

var. graveolens Sickenb., Mém. Inst. Egypt. 4 (2): 184 (1901) –🅰 [O (Kharga)]

var. ismailitica Schweinf., Mém, Inst. Egypt. 2, Suppl.: 748 (1889) –🅰 [O, M, D, R, GE, S]

var. villosa –🅰 [N, O, M, S]

Silene vivianii Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 588 (1841). subsp. vivianii –🅰 [N, M, D, S] subsp. viscida (Boiss.) Boulos, Fl. Egypt Checklist: 14 (1995) –🅰 [S]

Silene vulgaris (Moench) Gärcke, Fl. N. Mitt. Deutschland, ed. 9: 64 (1869) –🅿 [M]

Spergularia bocconei (Scheele) Graebn. in P.F.A.Ascherson & K.O.R.Graebner, Syn.

Mitteleur. Fl. 5 (1): 849 (1919) –🅰 [N, O, M, De, S]

Spergularia diandra (Guss.) Heldr., Pl. Atticae 1848 s.p. (1851).

[=Spergularia diandra (Guss.) Boiss., Fl. Orient. 1: 733 (1867)] –🅰 [N, O, M, D, R, GE, S]

Spergularia flaccida (Madden) I.M.Turner, Willdenowia 47: 214 (2017).

[=Spergula fallax (Lowe) E.H.L.Krause in J.W.Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. Abbild., ed. 2. 5: 19 (1901)] –🅰

[N, M, De, R, GE, S]

Spergularia marina (L.) Bessler, Enum. Pl. Volh., Defin. ed.: 97 (1822).

[=Spergularia marina (L.) Griseb., Spic. Fl. Rumel. 1: 213 (1843)]

var. marina –🅰/🅿 [N, O, M, D, R, S]

*var. densiflora Hosny ex Hosni, Taeckholmia 11: 55 (1988) –🅰 E [O (Bahariya Oasis)]

Spergularia media (L.) C.Presl, Fl. Sicul. 1: 161 (1826) –🅿 [N, O, M, S]

Spergularia rubra (L.) J.Presl & C.Presl, Fl. Čech.: 94 (1819) –🅰/🅿 [N, O, M, S]

Sphaerocoma hookeri T. Anderson, J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 5, Suppl. 1: 16 (1860). subsp. hookeri –🆂 [R, GE]

[=Sphaerocoma hookeri subsp. intermedia J.B.Gillett, Kew Bull.12: 388 (1958)] –🆂 [De, R, GE, S]

Stellaria apetala Ucria, Nuova Racc. Opusc. Aut. Sicil. 6: 251 (1793).

[=Stellaria pallida (Dumort.) Crép. in Man. Fl. Belgique, ed. 2: 19 (1866)] –🅰 [N, O, M, S]

Stellaria media (L.) Vill., Hist. Pl. Dauphiné (Villars) 3 (2): 615 (1789) –🅰 [O, M, De, S]

Telephium imperati L. subsp. orientale (Boiss.) Nyman, Consp. Fl. Eur.: 254 (1879) –🅿 [S]

Telephium sphaerospermum Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. 4: 12 (1844).

*var. racemosa Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient.10: 12. (1849) –🅰/🅱 [N, De, R]

var. sphaerospermum –🅰 [O, D, S]

40. AMARANTHACEAE [incl. CHENOPODIACEAE] (30 genera, 123 taxa) 5E - 3NE

Achyranthes aspera L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 204 (1753).

var. pubescens (Moq.) M.Gómez, Noc. Bot. Sist.: 58 (1893).

[=var. pubescens (Moq.) C.C.Towns., Kew Bull. 29 (3): 473 (1974)] –🅿 [N (Aswan region)]

var.siculaL., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 204 (1753) –🅿 [N (Cairo region), GE]

Aerva javanica (Burm. f.) Juss. ex Schult. in J.J.Roemer & J.A.Schultes, Syst. Veg., ed.15, 5: 565 (1819)

var. javanica –🆂/🆂 [N, O, De, R, GE, S] var. bovei Webb in W.J.Hooker, Niger Fl.: 173 (1849)–🆂/🆂 [N (Nubia), O, De, R, GE, S]

Agathophora alopecuroides (Delile) Fenzi ex Bunge, Mém. Acad. Sci. Pétersb., sér. 7, 4 (11): 92 (1862).

var.alopecuroides –🆂 [N, M, D, S]

var. papillosa (Maire) Boulos, Kew Bull. 47: 284 (1992) –🆂 [D, S]

*Alternanthera bettzickiana (Regel) G.Nicholson, Ill. Dict. Gard. 1: 59 (1884) –🅰 [N, M]

Alternanthera pungens Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 2: 206 (1818) –🅿

[N (Samanoud area, Nile Delta)]

Alternanthera sessilis (L.) DC., Cat. Pl. Horti Monsp.: 77 (1813).

[=Alternanthera nodiflora R.Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland.: 417 (1810)] –🅰 [N, O, M, R, De]

Amaranthus albus L., Syst. Nat., ed.10, 2: 1268 (1759) –🅰 [N, O]

Amaranthus blitoides S.Watson, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 12: 273 (1877). var.blitoides –🅰 [S]

Amaranthus blitum L., Sp. Pl.: 990 (1753).

subsp. blitum –🅰 [N, D]

subsp. oleraceus(L.) Costea, Sida 19 (4): 984 (2001).

[=Amaranthus lividus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 990 (1753)] –🅰 [N, M, D, S]

Amaranthus caudatus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2: 990 (1753) –🅰 [N, O, M, S]

Amaranthus cruentus L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: 1269 (1759).

[=Amaranthus hybridus subsp. cruentus (L.) Thell., Fl. Adv. Montpellier: 205 (1912)] –🅰 [N, O, M, S]

Amaranthus graecizans L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2: 990 (1753).

subsp. graecizans –🅰 [N, O, M, R, GE, S]

subsp. thellungianus(Nevski) Gusev, Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow &Leningrad) 57 (5): 462 (1972) –🅰 [N, R, S]

subsp. silvestris (Vill.) Brenan, Watsonia 4: 237 (1961) –🅰 [N, M, R, GE, S]

Amaranthus hybridus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2: 990 (1753). subsp. hybridus –🅰 [N, O, M, S]

*Amaranthus hypochondriacus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 991 (1753) –🅰 [N, O (Siwa, Kharga), M, De, S]

Amaranthus palmeri S.Watson, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 12: 274 (1877) –🅰 [N (Kom Ombo)]

Amaranthus retroflexus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2: 991 (1753) –🅰 [N, M, S]

*Amaranthus scleropoides Uline & W.L.Bray, Bot. Gaz. 19: 316 (1894) –🅰 [M, S]

Amaranthus spinosus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2: 991 (1753) –🅰 [N (Cairo)]

Amaranthus tricolor L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 989 (1753) –🅰 [N, M]

Amaranthus viridis L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2: 1405 (1763) –🅰 [N, O, M, De, S]

Anabasis articulata (Forssk.) Moq. in A. DC., Prodr. 13 (2): 212 (1849) –🆂 [O, M, D, R, GE, S]

Anabasis oropediorum Maire, Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afr. Nord 29: 447 (1938) –🆂 [M, De, S]

Anabasis setifera Moq., Chenop. Monogr. Enum.: 164 (1840) –🆂 [O, M, De, R, GE, S]

Anabasis syriaca Iljin, Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk SSSR 20: 138 (1960).

subsp. syriaca –🆂 NE [M, R, S]

Arthrocnemum macrostachyum (Moric.) K.Koch, Hort. Dendrol.: 96, No. 3 (1853) –🆂 [N, O, M, De, R, S]

Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt., Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 1: 197 (1818) –🆂 [N, M, De]

Atriplex coriacea Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 175 (1775) –🆂 [M, S]

*Atriplex davisii Aellen, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 28: 30 (1967) –🅰/🅱 [N]

Atriplex dimorphostegia Kar. & Kir., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 15: 438 (1842) –🅰 [M, De, S]

*Atriplex ehrenbergii F.Muell. ex Asch. & Schweinf., Mem. Inst. Egypt. 2: 771 (1889) –🅿 [M]

Atriplex farinosa Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.:123 (1775). subsp. farinosa –🆂 [M, R, GE, S]

Atriplex glauca L., Cent. Pl. 1: 34 (1755). subsp. glauca –🆂 [M, De, S]

*subsp. palaestina (Boiss.) Dobignard, Index Syn. Fl. Afrique N. 2: 24 (2011) –🆂 [S]

Atriplex halimus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2.: 1052 (1753) –🆂 [N, M, De, R, S]

Atriplex holocarpa F. Muell., Rep. Pl. Babbage’s Exp. 19 (1859) –🅰/🅿 [M]

*Atriplex infrequens Paul G.Wilson, Fl. Australia 4: 323 (1984) –🅿 [S]

Atriplex lindleyi Moq.

subsp. inflata (F.Muell.) P.G.Wilson, Fl. Australia 4: 323 (1984) –🅿 [N, M, D, S]

Atriplex littoralis L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2: 1054 (1753) –🅰 [N, M, S]

*Atriplex mollis Desf., Fl. Atlant. 2: 391 (1799) –🅿 [M]

*Atriplex nilotica Sukhor., Feddes Repert. 121: 33 (2010) –🅰 E [N, M]

Atriplex nummularia Lindl. in T.L.Mitchell, J. Exped. Trop. Australia: 64 (1848). subsp. nummularia –🆂 [N, O, M, D, S]

Atriplex patula L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2: 1053 (1753).subsp. patula –🅰 [N, M, S]

Atriplex portulacoides L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2: 1053 (1753) –🆂 [N, M, De, S]

Atriplex prostrata Boucher ex DC. in Lam. & DC., Fl. Fr., ed. 3, 3: 387 (1805).subsp. prostrata –🅰 [N, M, S]

Atriplex rosea L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2: 1493 (1763) –🅰 [N, O, S]

*Atriplex spongiosa F.Muell., Trans. & Proc. Philos. Inst. Victoria 2: 74 (1858) –🅿 [M]

Atriplex semibaccata R.Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland.: 406 (1810) –🅿 [N, M, Dw]

Atriplex suberecta I.Verd., Bothalia 6: 418 (1954) –🅰/🅿 [S]

Atriplex turcomanica (Moq.) Boiss., Fl. Orient. 4: 913 (1879)

[=Atriplex leucoclada var. inamoena (Aellen) Zohary, Fl. Palaest. 1: 147 (1966)] –🆂 [O, M, De, S]

[=Atriplex leucoclada var. turcomanica (Moq.) Zohary, Fl. Palaest. 1: 147 (1966)] –🅿 [N, O, De, S]

Atriplex tatarica L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2: 1053 (1753) –🅰 [N, O, S]

*Bassia aegyptiaca Turki, El Shayeb & F.Shehata, Fl. Medit. 16: 279 (2006) –🅿 E [M]

Bassia arabica (Boiss.) Maire & Weiller in Maire, Fl. Afr. Nord 8: 54 (1962) –🆂 [O (Wadi Natrun), M, D, S]

Bassia eriophora (Schrad.) Asch. in Schweinf., Beitr. Fl. Aethiop.: 187 (1867) –🅰 [De, S]

Bassia indica (Wight) A.J.Scott, Feddes Repert. 89 (2-3): 108 (1978) –🅰 [N, O, M, D, S]

Bassia muricata (L.) Asch. in Schweinf., Beitr. Fl. Aethiop.: 187 (1867). var. muricata –🅰 [N, O, M, De, R, S]

*var. hadidi Turki, El Shayeb & F.Shehata, Acta Botanica Hungarica 50 (1–2): 203–213(2008) –🅰 E [De]

*var. sinaica Turki, El Shayeb & F.Shehata, Acta Botanica Hungarica 50 (1–2): 203–213 (2008) –🅰E [S]

Beta vulgaris L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 222 (1735).

subsp. vulgaris

[=Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima (L.) Arcang., Comp. Fl. Ital.: 593 (1882) –🅰/🅿 [N, O, M, D, S]

Caroxylon cyclophyllum (Baker) Akhani & Roalson, Int. J. Pl. Sci. 168: 947 (2007).

[=Salsola cyclophylla Baker, Bull. Misc. Inf. Kew 1894 (93): 340 (1894)] –🆂 [De, R, S]

Caroxylon gaetulum (Maire) Akhani & Roalson, Int. J. Pl. Sci. 168: 947 (2007).

[=Salsola imbricata subsp. gaetula (Maire) Boulos, Fl. Egypt Checklist: 24 (1995)] –🆂 [O, M, D, S]

Caroxylon imbricatum (Forssk.) Moq., A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 13(2): 177 (1849).

var. imbricatum

[=Salsola imbricata Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 57 (1775) subsp. imbricata] –🆂 [N, O, D, GE, S]

Caroxylon inerme (Forssk.) Akhani & Roalson, Int. J. Pl. Sci. 168: 947 (2007).

[=Salsola inermis Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 58 (1775)] –🅰 [N, M, De, S]

*Caroxylon orientale (S.G.Gmel.) Tzvelev, Ukrayins’k. Bot. Zhurn. 50: 80 (1993) –🆂 [S]

Caroxylon spinescens (Moq.) Akhani & Roalson, Int. J. Pl. Sci. 168: 948 (2007). [=Salsola spinescens Moq. in DC. Prodr. 13 (2): 179 (1849)] –🆂 [R]

Caroxylon tetragonum (Delile) Moq., A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 13(2): 176 (1849). [=Salsola tetragona Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 203, t. 21. f. 4. (1813)] –🆂 [O, M, D]

Caroxylon tetrandrum (Forssk.) Akhani & Roalson, Int. J. Pl. Sci. 168: 948 (2007).[=Salsola tetrandra Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 58 (1775)] –🆂 [O (Uweinat), M, D, S]

Caroxylon vermiculatum (L.) Akhani & Roalson, Int. J. Pl. Sci. 168: 948 (2007). [=Salsola vermiculata L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 223 (1753)] –🅿 [De, S]

Caroxylon villosum (Schult.) Akhani & Roalson, Int. J. Pl. Sci. 168: 948 (2007). [=Salsola villosa Schult., in J.J.Roemer & J.A.Schultes, Syst. Veg., ed.15, bis 6: 232 (1820)] –🆂 [O, D, S]

Caroxylon volkensii (Schweinf. & Asch.) Akhani & Roalson, Int. J. Pl. Sci. 168: 948 (2007).[=Salsola volkensii Schweinf. & Asch. in Asch. & Schweinf., Mém. Inst. Egypt. 2: 130 (1887)] –🅰 [N, M, D, S]

Chenopodium album L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 219 (1753) –🅰 [N, O, M, D, S]

Chenopodium ficifolium Sm., Fl. Brit. 1: 276 (1800) –🅰 [N, O, M, De]

Chenopodium glaucum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 220 (1753) –🅰 [N, M]

Chenopodium giganteum D.Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal.: 75 (1825) –🅰 [N, O (Kharga), M]

*Chenopodium moquinianum Aellen, Ber. Schweiz. Bot. Ges. 38: 15, 19 (1929) –🅰 E [N, M]

Chenopodium murale L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 219 (1753) –🅰 [N, O, M, D, R, GE, S]

Chenopodium opulifolium Schrad. ex W.D.J.Koch & Ziz, Cat. Pl. Palat.: 6 (1814) –🅰 [N, M, De, S]

Chenopodium vulvaria L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 220 (1753) –🅰 [M, S]

Cornulaca ehrenbergii Asch. in Schweinf., Beitr. Fl. Aethiop.: 184 (1867) –🆂 [R (Cap Elba and islands)]

Cornulaca monacantha Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 206, t. 22, f. 3 (1813) –🆂 [N, O, M, D, R, GE, S]

Digera muricata (L.) Mart., Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 13: 285 (1826) –🅰 [N]

Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants, Ukrayins’k. Bot. Zhurn. 59(4): 382 (2002).[=Chenopodium ambrosioides L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 219 (1753)] –🅰/🅿 [N, O, M, S]

Dysphania botrys (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants, Ukrayins’k. Bot. Zhurn. 59 (4): 383 (2002).

[=Chenopodium botrys L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 219 (1753)] –🅰 [N (Cairo), S]

*Gomphrena celosioides Mart., Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 13: 301 (1826) –🅿 [N]

Halopeplis amplexicaulis (Vahl) Ung.-Sternb. ex Ces. in Ces., Pass. & Gibelli, Comp. Fl. Ital. 2 (12): 271 (1874) –🅰 [N (northern Delta), O, M, S]

Halopeplis perfoliata (Forssk.) Bunge ex Asch. in Schweinf., Beitr. Fl. Aethiop.: 289 (1867). [=Halopeplis perfoliata (Forssk.) Bunge ex Ung. -Sternb., Atti Congr. Int. Bot. Firenze 1874: 329 (1876)] –🆂

[N (northern Delta), M, D, R, S]

Haloxylon negevensis (Iljin & Zohary) Boulos, Fl. Egypt Checklist: 26 (1995) –🆂 NE [S]

Haloxylon persicum Bunge, Nouv. Mém. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 12: 189 (1860) –🆂/🆃 [De, S]

Haloxylon salicornicum (Moq.) Bunge ex Boiss., Fl. Orient 4 (2): 949 (1879) –🆂 [N, O, M, D, R, S]

Haloxylon scoparium Pomel, Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atlant. 2: 335 (1875) –🆂 [M, D, S]

Krascheninnikovia ceratoides (L.) Gueldenst., Novi Comment. Acad. Sci. Imp. Petrop. 16: 555 (1772) –🆂

[De (Northern Galala), S (Gebel Igma)]

Noaea mucronata (Forssk.) Asch. & Schweinf., Mém. Inst. Egypt. 2:131 (1887) –🆂 [M, De, S]

Ouret lanata (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 544 (1891).

[=Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. ex Schult, in J.J.Roemer & J.A.Schultes, Syst. Veg, ed.15, 5: 564 (1819)] –🅿 [R, GE]

Psilotrichum gnaphalobryum (Hochst.) Schinz, Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 57: 550 (1912) –🅿 [GE]

Pupalia lappacea (L.) Juss., Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 2: 132 (1803).

var. velutina (Moq.) Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 4: 724 (1885) –🅿 [GE]

Salicornia europaea L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 3 (1753) –🅰 [N, O, M, S]

Salicornia fruticosa (L.) L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2.: 5 (1762).

[=Sarcocornia fruticosa (L.) A.J.Scott, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 75 (4): 367 (1977)] –🆂 [N, O, M, De, S]

Salicornia perennis Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 2 (1768).

[=Sarcocornia perennis (Mill.) A.J.Scott, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 75 (4): 267 (1977)] –🆂 [N, M, S]

Salsola kali L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 222 (1753) –🅰 [N, M, De, S]

*Saltia papposa (Forssk.) Moq. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 13(2): 325 (1849) –🆂 NE [S]

Sevada schimperi Moq. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 13 (2): 154 (1849) –🆂 [De, R, GE]

Soda longifolia (Forssk.) Akhani, Front. Plant Sci. 11-546518: 30 (2020).

[=Salsola longifolia Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 55 (1775)] –🆂 [M, De, S]

Soda oppositifolia (Desf.) Akhani, Front. Plant Sci. 11-546518: 30 (2020).

[=Salsola oppositifolia Desf., Fl. Atlant. 1: 219 (1798)] – 🆂 [M, S]

Soda rosmarinus (Bunge ex Boiss.) Akhani, Front. Plant Sci. 11-546518: 30 (2020).

[=Seidlitzia rosmarinus Bunge ex Boiss., Fl. Orient. 4 (2): 951 (1879)] –🆂 [De, S]

Soda schweinfurthii (Solms) Akhani, Front. Plant Sci. 11-546518: 30 (2020).

[=Salsola schweinfurthii Solms, Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 59: 173 (1901)] –🆂 [M, D, S]

Suaeda aegyptiaca (Hasselq.) Zohary, J. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 55: 635 (1957) –🅰/🅿

[N, O, M, De, S]

Suaeda altissima (L.) Pall., Ill. Pl.: 49 (1803) –🅰 [M]

*Suaeda fruticosa Forssk. ex J.F.Gmel., Onomat. Bot. Compl. 8: 798 (1776) –🆂/🆂 [R]

Suaeda maritima (L.) Dumort., Fl. Belg.: 22 (1827) –🅰 [N, O (Bahariya), M, De]

Suaeda monoica Forssk. ex J.F. Gmel., Onomat. Bot. Compl. 8: 798 (1776).

[=Suaeda monoica Forssk. ex J.F. Gmel., Syst. Nat., ed. 13, 2: 503 (1791)] –🆂/🆃 [O, M, De, R, GE, S]

Suaeda palaestina Eig & Zohary, Pal. J. Bot., Jerusalem ser., 3: 126 (1945) –🆂 [M, S]

Suaeda pruinosa Lange, Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk. Naturhist. Foren. Kjöbenhavn 1861: 45 (1861) –🆂 [M, R, S]

*Suaeda salsa (L.) Pall., Ill. Pl.: 46 (1803) –🅰 [N, M, S]

Suaeda splendens (Pourr.) Gren. & Godr., Fl. Fr. 3: 30 (1855) –🅰 [N, M, S]

Suaeda vera Forssk. ex J.F. Gmel., Onomat. Bot. Compl. 8: 797 (1776).

[=Suaeda vera Forssk. ex J.F. Gmel., Syst. Nat., ed. 13, 2: 503 (1791)] –🆂 [N (northern Delta), M, De, R, S]

Suaeda vermiculata Forssk. ex J.F.Gmel., Onomat. Bot. Compl. 8: 798 (1776).

[=Suaeda vermiculata Forssk. ex J.F. Gmel., Syst. Nat., ed. 13, 2: 503 (1791)] –🆂 [N, O, M, D, R, S]

Traganum nudatum Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 2 (Mém): 204 (1813) –🆂 [N, O, M, D, S]

41. LIMEACEAE [MOLLUGINACEAE] (1 genus and 1 species)

Limeum obovatum Vicary, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 16: 1163 (1847) –🅰 [O (Uweinat)]

42. LOPHIOCARPACEAE [MOLLUGINACEAE] (1 genus and 1 species)

Corbichonia decumbens (Forssk.) Exell, J. Bot. (London) 73: 80 (1935) –🅿 [GE]

43. GISEKIACEAE [MOLLUGINACEAE] (1 genus and 2 taxa)

Gisekia diffusa M.G.Gilbert, Kew Bull. 48 (2): 348 (1993).

[=Gisekia pharnaceoides var. pseudopaniculata C.Jeffrey, Kew Bull. 14: 235 (1960)] –🅰

[De (Wadi Hodein, north of GE)]

Gisekia pharnaceoides L., Mant. Alt. 562 (1771). var. pharnaceoides –🅰 [De, R, GE]

44. AIZOACEAE (6 genera and 12 taxa)

Aizoanthemopsis hispanica (L.) Klak, Taxon 66 (5): 1165 (2017).

[=Aizoanthemum hispanicum (L.) H.E.K. Hartmann, Illustr. Handb. Succ. Pl., Aizoaceae 29 A-E (2001) –🅰

[N, M, D, S]

Aizoon canariense L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 488 (1753) –🅰 [N, M, D, R, GE, S]

Mesembryanthemum cryptanthum Hook.f. in Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 11: t.1034 (1868).

[=Mesembryanthemum forsskaolii Hochst, ex Boiss., Fl. Orient. 2: 765 (1872)] –🅰 [O (Wadi Natrun), M, D, S]

Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 480 (1753) –🅰 [N, M, De, R, S]

Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 481 (1753) –🅰 [N, M, S]

*Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.) L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10. 2: 1058 (1759). subsp. portulacastrum –🆂/🆂 [M, De]

Sesuvium sesuvioides (Fenzl) Verdc., Kew Bull. 12: 349 (1957) –🅰 [GE]

*Trianthema crystallinum (Forssk.) Vahl, Symb. Bot. 1: 32 (1790) –🆂 [De, R, GE]

Trianthema portulacastrum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 223 (1753) –🅰 [N, M, De, GE]

Trianthema triquetrum Willd. ex Spreng. Syst. Veg. 2: 381(1825). var. triquetrum

[=Trianthema triquetra Willd., Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Neue Schriften 4: 181 (1803)] –🅰 [De, R, GE]

Zaleya decandra (L.) Burm.f., Fl. Indica: 110, t. 31, f. 3 (1768) –🅰 [GE]

Zaleya pentandra (L.) C.Jeffrey, Kew Bull. 14: 238 (1960) –🅰 [N, D, R, GE, S]

45. NYCTAGINACEAE (2 genera and 9 species)

Boerhavia coccinea Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8: 4 (1768).

[=Boerhavia repens subsp. viscosa (Lag. & Rodr.) Maire, Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afr. Nord 3: 88 (1933)] –🅿

[N, O, D, R, GE, S]

Boerhavia diandra L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 1194 (1753)

[=Boerhavia repens subsp. diandra (L.) Maire & Weiller, Fl. Afrique N. 8: 235 (1962)] –🅰/🅿 [N, O]

Boerhavia diffusa L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 3 (1753) –🅿 [N, GE]

Boerhavia elegans Choisy in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 13 (2): 453 (1849) –🅿 [GE]

Boerhavia repens L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 3 (1753) –🅿 [N]

Commicarpus boissieri (Heimerl) Cufod., Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 39 (Suppl.): 21 (1969) –🅿 [S]

Commicarpus grandiflorus (A.Rich.) Standl., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 101 (1916) –🅿 [GE, S]

Commicarpus helenae (Roem. & Schult.) Meikle, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 37: 1, t. 3694 (1971) –🅿 [De, R, GE, S]

Commicarpus sinuatus Meikle, Kew Bull. 29 (1): 83 (1974) –🅿 [S]

46. MOLLUGINACEAE (3 genera and 4 species)

Glinus lotoides L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 463 (1753) –🅰 [N, O, M, De, GE, S]

Glinus runkewitzii Täckh, & Boulos, Publ. Cairo Univ. Herb. 5: 83, f.13 (1974) –🅰

E [N (Luxor, Khizam Island)]

Hypertelis cerviana (L.) Thulin, Taxon 65: 787 (2016) [=Mollugo cerviana (L.) Ser. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 1: 392 (1824)] –🅰 [O, GE]

Paramollugo nudicaulis (Lam.) Thulin, Taxon 65: 786 (2016) [=Mollugo nudicaulis Lam., Encycl. 4 (1): 234 (1797)] –🅰 [S]

47. PORTULACACEAE (1 genus and 7 taxa)

*Portulaca africana (Danin & H.G.Baker) Danin, Lagascalia 26: 76 (2006) –🅰 [N]

*Portulaca cypria Danin, Fl. Medit. 18: 92 (2008) –🅰 [N]

*Portulaca granulatostellulata (Poelln.) Ricceri & Arrigoni, Parlatorea 4: 93 (2000) –🅰 [N]

Portulaca nitida (Danin & H.G.Baker) Ricceri & Arrigoni, Parlatorea 4: 93 (2000).

[=Portulaca oleracea subsp. nitida Danin & H.G.Baker, Israel J. Bot. 27 (3-4): 194 (1978)] –🅰 [N, O, M, D, S]

Portulaca oleracea L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 445 (1753).

subsp. oleracea –🅰 [N, M, GE, S]

subsp. stellata Danin & H.G.Baker, Israel J. Bot. 27 (3-4): 198 (1979)] –🅰 [N, S]

*Portulaca trituberculata Danin, Domina & Raimondo, Fl. Medit. 18: 91 (2008) –🅰 [N]

48. SANTALACEAE (1 genus and 3 taxa)

*Thesium bergeri Zucc., Abh. Math. -Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 2: 324 (1837) –🅿 [O]

Thesium humile Vahl, Symb. Bot. 3: 43 (1794)

var. humile –🅰 [N, O, M, De, S]

var. maritima(Simpson) Sa’ad, Fl. Egypt, Santalaceae 46: 25 (1983) –🅰 E [M]

49. LORANTHACEAE (1 genus and 2 species)

Plicosepalus acaciae (Zucc.) Wiens & Polhill, Nord. J. Bot. 5: 221 (1985) –🆂 [GE, S]

Plicosepalus curviflorus (Benth. ex Oliv.) Tiegh., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 41: 504 (1894) –🆂

[De (Wadi Allaqi), R, GE]

50. EBENACEAE (1 genus, 1 taxon)

Euclea racemosa L. in J.A.Murray (ed.), Syst. Veg., ed. 13.: 747 (1774). subsp. schimperi (A.DC.) F.White, Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 50: 399 (1980) –🆂/🆃 [GE]

51. PRIMULACEAE (4 genera, 8 taxa)

Coris monspeliensis L., Sp. Pl. ed. 1, 1: 177 (1753).

*subsp. strossiae Gauba, Oesterr. Bot. Z. 83: 266 (1934) –🆂 E [M]

Evotrochis involucrata Raf., Fl. Tellur. 2: 76 (1837).

[=Primula boveana Decne. ex Duby in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 8: 35 (1844)] –🅿E [S]

Lysimachia arvensis (L.) U.Manns & Anderb., Willdenowia 39(1): 51 (2009).

[=Anagallis arvensis L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 148 (1753) subsp. arvensis var. arvensis] –🅰 [N, O, M, D, R, GE, S]

Lysimachia foemina (Mill.) U.Manns & Anderb., Willdenowia 39(1): 52 (2009).

[=Anagallis arvensis subsp. foemina (Mill.) Schinz & Thell., Bull. Herb, Boissier, sér. 2, 7: 497 (1907)] –🅰 [S]

Lysimachia linum-stellatum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 148 (1753).

[=Asterolinon linum-stellatum (L.) Duby in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 8: 68 (1844)] –🅰 [M, S]

Lysimachia loeflingii F.J.Jiménez & M.Talavera, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 199: 571 (2022).

[=Anagallis arvensis subsp. arvensis var. caerulea Gouan, Fl. Monsp.: 30 (1764)] –🅰 [N, O, M, D, R, GE, S]

Lysimachia ovalis (Ruiz & Pav.) U.Manns & Anderb., Willdenowia 39(1): 52 (2009).

[=Anagallis pumila Sw., Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ.: 40 (1788)] –🅰 [M, S]

Samolus valerandi L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 171 (1753) –🅿 [N, O, M, De, S]

52. RUBIACEAE (9 genera, 26 taxa)

Callipeltis cucullaris (L.) DC., Prodr. 4: 613 (1830).

[=Callipeltis cucullaris (L.) Steven, Mém. Soc. Naturalistes Moscou 7: 275 (1829) f. cucullaris] –🅰 [De, S]

[=Callipeltis cucullaris f. aperta (Boiss. & Buhse) Ehrend., Notes Roy. Bot. Gard Edinburgh 22: 397 (1958)] –🅰

[M, De, GE, S]

Crucianella aegyptiaca L., Mant. Pl., 1: 38 (1767) –🅰 [M, GE, S]

Crucianella maritima L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 109 (1753) –🅿 [O (Wadi Natrun), M, De, S]

Crucianella membranacea Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., sér. 1, 3: 27 (1843) –🅰 [S]

*Cruciata articulata (L.) Ehrend., Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 22: 396 (1958) –🅰 [S, De]

Galium aparine L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 108 (1753) –🅰 [M, GE]

Galium canum Req. ex DC., Prodr. 4: 602 (1830).subsp. canum –🅿 [M]

Galium ceratopodum Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., sér. 1, 3: 45 (1843) –🅰 [S]

Galium mollugo L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 107 (1753) –🅿 [GE]

Galium murale (L.) All., Auct. Syn. Meth. Stirp. Hort. Regii Taur.: 8 (1773). [=Galium murale (L.) All., Fl. Pedem. 1:8, t. 77. f. 1 (1785)] –🅰 [M, S]

Galium parisiense L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 108 (1753) –🅰 [?GE]

Galium setaceum Lam., Encycl. 2: 584 (1788) –🅰 [De, R, GE, S]

Galium sinaicum (Delile ex Decne.) Boiss., Fl. Orient. 3: 63 (1875) –🅿 NE [De, GE, S]

Galium spurium L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 106 (1753).subsp. africanum Verdc., Kew Bull. 30: 324 (1975) –🅰 [De, GE, S]

subsp. spurium –🅰 [N]

Galium tricornutum Dandy, Watsonia 4: 47 (1957) –🅰 [N, O, M, De, S]

Kohautia caespitosa Schnizl, Flora 25 (Beibl.): 145 (1842). subsp. caespitosa –🅰/🅿 [N, De, R, GE, S]

Oldenlandia capensis L.f., Suppl. Pl.: 127 (1781).

var. capensis –🅰 [N]

var. pleiosepala Bremek., Verh. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch., Afd. Natuurk., sect. 2, 48(2): 267 (1952) –🅰

[N, GE]

Oldenlandia corymbosa L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 119 (1753). var. corymbosa –🅰 [N (Delta)] var. caespitosa (Benth.) Verdc., Kew Bull. 30 (2): 298 (1975) –🅰 [N (Delta)]

Oldenlandia fastigiata Bremek., Verh. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch., Afd. Natuurk., sect. 2, 48 (2): 260 (1952).

var. fastigiata –🅰 [N (Aswan)]

Plocama calycoptera (Decne.) M.Backlund & Thulin, Taxon 56(2): 323 (2007).

[=Pterogaillonia calycoptera (Decne.) Linchevskii, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast.10: 233(1973) –🆂 [N, De, R, GE, S]

Rubia tenuifolia d’Urv, Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 273 (1822).

subsp. tenuifolia –🆂 [S (Gebel Halal)]

Valantia columella (Ehrenb. ex Boiss.) Bald., Malpighia 7: 207 (1893). [=Valantia lanata Delile ex Coss., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 12: 278 (1865)] –🅰NE [M]

Valantia hispida L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: 1307 (1759).var. hispida –🅰 [M, De, GE, S]

53. GENTIANACEAE (3 genera, 7 taxa)

Centaurium malzacianum Maire, Notul. Syst. (Paris) 8: 25 (1939) –🅰NE [S]

Centaurium maritimum (L.) Fritsch, Mitt. Naturwiss. Vereins. Univ. Wien, sér. 2, 5: 97 (1907) –🅰 [M]

Centaurium pulchellum (Sw.) Druce, Fl. Berkshire: 342 (1898).

subsp. pulchellum –🅰 [S] 

 var. altaicum (Griseb.) Cufod., Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 39 (Suppl.): XXX (1969).

[=*subsp. meyeri (Bunge) Tzvelev, Fl. Evropeískoí Chasti SSSR 3: 63 (1978)] –🅰 [N, O, M, De]

Centaurium tenuiflorum (Hoffmanns. & Link) Fritsch, Mitt. Naturwiss, Vereins Univ. Wien, sér. 2, 5: 97 (1907).

subsp. tenuiflorum –🅰 [N, O, M, De]

Enicostema axillare (Poir ex Lam.) A.Raynal, Adansonia, sér. 2, 9: 75 (1969)

subsp. axillare –🅿 [GE]

Schenkia spicata (L.) G.Mans., Taxon 53(3): 726 (2004).

[=Centaurium spicatum (L.) Fritsch, Mitt. Naturwiss. Vereins Univ. Wien, sér. 2, 5: 97 (1907)] –🅰

[N, O, M, De, S]

54. APOCYNACEAE [ incl. ASCLEPIADACEAE] (15 genera, 25 taxa)

Apteranthes europaea (Guss.) Murb., Acta Univ. Lund. 34(7): 2 (1898). subsp. europaea [=Caralluma europaea (Guss.) N.E.Br., Gard. Chron., sér. 3, 12: 369 (1892)] –🅿 [M, S]

*var. judaica (Zohary) Plowes, Haseltonia 3: 61 (1995) –🅿 NE [S]

Calotropis procera (Aiton) W.T.Aiton, Hortus Kew. 2: 78 (1811) –🆂/🆃 [N, O, D, R, GE, S]

Carissa spinarum L., Mant. Pl., 2: 559 (1771) –🆂 [GE]

Caudanthera edulis (Edgew.) Meve & Liede, Pl. Syst. Evol. 234(1-4): 201 (2002).

[=Caralluma edulis (Edgew.) Benth. & Hook.f., Gen. Pl. 2: 782 (1876)] –🅿 [GE]

Caudanthera sinaica (Decne.) Plowes, Haseltonia 3: 58 (1995).

[=Caralluma sinaica (Decne) Benth. & Hook.f., Gen. Pl. 2: 782 (1876) var. sinaica] –🅿 NE [S, GE]

Cynanchum acutum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 212 (1753).subsp. acutum –🅿 [N, O, M, S]

Cynanchum boveanum Decne., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 4: 82 (1835)

subsp. boveanum  

[=Glossonema boveanum (Decne.) Decne., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot, sér. 2, 9: 335 (1838) subsp. boveanum] –🅿

[De, R, GE, S]

subsp. nubicum (Decne.) Khanum & Liede, Taxon 65(3): 478 (2016).

[=Glossonema boveanum subsp. nubicum (Decne.) Bullock, Kew Bull. 10 (4): 617 (1955)] –🅿 [De, R, GE]

Desmidorchis retrospiciens Ehrenb., Über Pollen Asclep.: 12 (1831).

[=Caralluma acutangula (Decne.) N.E.Br., Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 12: 369 (1892)] –🅿 [GE]

*Gomphocarpus fruticosus (L.) W.T.Aiton, Hortus Kew. 2: 80 (1811).

subsp. flavidus (N.E.Br.) Goyder, Kew Bull. 51: 798 (1996) –🅿 [GE]

Gomphocarpus sinaicus Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., sér. 1, 11: 80 (1849) –🆂 NE [De, S]

Leptadenia arborea (Forssk.) Schweinf., Arab. Pfl.-Nam.: 167 (1912) –🆂 [N (Aswan)]

Leptadenia pyrotechnica (Forssk.) Decne., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 9: 269 (1838) –🆂 [N, M, D, R, GE, S]

Oxystelma esculentum (L.f.) Sm. in A. Rees, Cycl. 25: no. 1 (1813).

[=Oxystelma esculentum (L.f.) R. Br., Mem. Wern. Soc. 1: 40 (1810)] –🅿 [N, M, De, S]

Pentatropis nivalis (J.F.Gmel.) D.V.Field & J.R.I.Wood, Kew Bull. 38 (2): 215 (1983) –🅿 [De, R, GE, S]

Pergularia daemia (Forssk.) Chiov., Res. Sci. Somalia Ital. 1: 115 (1916)

subsp. daemia –🅿 [D, R, GE, S]

Pergularia tomentosa L., Mant. Pl.: 53 (1767).

[=Pergularia tomentosa L., Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 2: 191 (1767)] –🆂 [N, O (Uweinat), M, D, R, GE, S]

Periploca angustifolia Labill., Icon. Pl. Syr. 2: 13, t. 7 (1791) –🆂 [M]

Periploca aphylla Decne. in V.Jacquemont, Voy. Inde 4(Bot.): 109 (1843). subsp. aphylla –🆂 [S] subsp. laxiflora ((Bornm. ex Drar) Browicz, Arbor. Kórnickie 11: 62 (1966) –🆂 [R, GE]

*Rhazya greissii Täckh. & Boulos, Publ. Cairo Univ. Herb. 5: 7 (1972 publ. 1974) –🅿 E [O]

Rhazya stricta Decne., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 4: 80 (1835) –🅿 [O (Kharga)]

Solenostemma arghel (Delile) Hayne, Getreue Darstell. Gew. 9: t. 38 (1825) –🆂 [De, R, GE, S]

Vincetoxicum schimperi (Vatke) Meve & Liede, Phytotaxa 369 (3): 160 (2018).

[=Pleurostelma schimperi (Vatke) Liede, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 114 (1): 91 (1994)] –🆂 [GE]

55. BORAGINACEAE (25 genera, 67 taxa)

Alkanna orientalis (L.) Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., sér. 1, 4: 46 (1844).subsp. orientalis –🅿 [S]

Alkanna strigosa Boiss. & Hohen. in in P.E.Boissier, Diagn. Pl. Orient., sér. 1, 4: 46 (1844) –🅿NE [S]

Alkanna tinctoria Tausch, Flora 7(1): 234 (1824).

subsp. tinctoria

[=Alkanna lehmannii (Tineo) A. DC. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 10: 588 (1846)] –🅿 [M, R, S]

Anchusa aegyptiaca (L.) A. DC. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 10: 48 (1846) –🅰 [N, M, De, R, S]

Anchusa hybrida Ten., Fl. Napol. 1: 45 (1812).

[=Anchusa undulata subsp. hybrida (Ten) Bég. in Beg & Fiori, Nouvo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s., 17: 634 (1910)] –🅱/🅿 [N, M]

Anchusa milleri Lam. ex Sperng., Bot. Gart. Halle, Nachtr. 1: 11 (1801) –🅰 [N, M, De, S]

Arnebia decumbens (Vent.) Coss. & Kralik, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 4: 398 (1857).

subsp. decumbens

[=var. decumbens] –🅰 [N (Aswan province), M, De, S]

subsp. macrocalyx(Coss. & Kralik) Riedl, Fl. Iranica 48: 160 (1967).

[=var. macrocalyx Coss. & Kralik, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 4: 403 (1857) –🅰 [N, M, Dw, S]

Arnebia hispidissima (Sieber ex Lehm.) A.DC. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 10: 94 (1846) –🅰 [N, M, De, R, GE, S]

Arnebia linearifolia A. DC. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 10: 95 (1846).

subsp. linearifolia –🅰 [N, M, D, S]

Arnebia tinctoria Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 63 (1775) –🅰 [De, S]

Asperugo procumbens L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 138 (1753) –🅰 [S]

*Borago officinalis L., Sp. Pl.: 137 (1753) –🅰 [N, M]

Brandella erythraea (Brand) R.R.Mill, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 43(3): 478 (1986) –🅰 [GE]

Buglossoides incrassata (Guss.) I.M.Johnst. in J. Arnold Arbor. 35: 43 (1954)

subsp. incrassata –🅰 [D, S]

Buglossoides tenuiflora (L.f.) I.M.Johnst. in J. Arnold Arbor. 35: 42 (1954) –🅰 [M, S]

Coldenia procumbens L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 125 (1753) –🅰 [Dw (Giza-Faiyum desert)]

Cordia sinensis Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 423 (1792) –🆃/🆂 [O, GE]

Echiochilon fruticosum Desf., Fl. Atlant. 1: 166, t. 47 (1798) –🆂 [N, M, De, S]

Echium angustifolium Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8: n.° 6 (1768).

subsp. angustifolium –🅿 [N, M, D, S]

subsp. sericeum (Vahl) Klotz, Wiss. Z. Martin-Luther-Univ. Halle-Wittenberg, Math.-

Naturwiss. Reihe11 (2): 298 (1962) –🅿 [N, O, M, De, S]

Echium glomeratum Poir. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl. 8: 670 (1808) –🅱/🅿 [M]

Echium horridum Batt., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 39: 336 (1892) –🅰/🅿 [De, R, GE, S]

Echium humile Desf., Fl. Atlant. 1: 165 (1798).

[=Anchusa humilis (Desf.) I.M.Johnst., Contr. Gray Herb. 73: 55 (1924)] –🅰 [N, O (Kharga), M, De, S]

Echium longifolium Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 2(Mém.): 184 (1813) –🅰 NE [N, M, De]

Echium plantagineum L., Mant. Pl. 2: 202 (1771) –🅰/🅿 [M (Mersa Matruh)]

Echium rauwolfii Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 2(Mém.): 195 (1813) –🅰 [N, O, M, De, S]

Echium rubrum Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 41 (1775) –🅰 [(male plants) N, M; (female plants) N, M, Dw, S]

Echium sabulicola Pomel, Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 1: 90 (1874).

subsp. sabulicola [=Echium sabulicola Pomel, Bull. Soc. Sci. Phys. Algérie 11: 90 (-91) (1874) var. sabulicola] –🅰/🅿 [M]

Echium tenue Roth, Catal. Bot. 2: 16 (1800).

[=Echium sabulicola var. tenue (Roth) Hadidy in L. Boulos, Fl. Egypt Checklist: 123 (1995)] –🅰/🅿 [M]

Euploca ovalifolia (Forssk.) Diane & Hilger, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 125: 48 (2003).

[=Heliotropium ovalifolium Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 38 (1775)] –🅰/🅿 [N, O (Bahariya), M (Alexandria)]

Euploca strigosa (Willd.) Diane & Hilger, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 125: 49. (2003). 

[=Heliotropium strigosum var. brevifolium (Wall.) C.B. Clarke in J.D.Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 4 (1): 151 (1883)] –🅰/🅿 [GE]

Gastrocotyle hispida (Forssk.) Bunge, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 3, 12: 363 (1849).  

[=Anchusa hispida Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 40 (1775)] –🅰 [N, M, D, S]

Heliotropium aegyptiacum Lehm., Index Seminum (HBG, Hamburgensis) 1820: 8 (1821) –🅰/🅿 [N, GE, S]

Heliotropium amplexicaule Vahl, Symb. Bot. 3: 21 (1794) –🅿 [N (Cairo)]

Heliotropium arbainense Fresen., Mus. Senckenberg. 1: 168 (1833) –🅿 [N, O, M, De, R, GE, S]

Heliotropium bacciferum Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 38 (1775).

subsp. bacciferum

[=var. bacciferum] –🅿 [N, M, De, R, GE, S]

Heliotropium bovei Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 1, 11: 87 (1849) –🅰 [S (northern coastal region)]

Heliotropium crispum Desf., Fl. Atlant. 1: 151 (1798). [=Heliotropium bacciferum var. erosum (Lehm.) Hadidy in L.Boulos, Fl. Egypt Checklist: 118 (1995) –🅿

[N, O, De, R, GE, S]

Heliotropium curassavicum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1:130 (1753). var. curassavicum –🅿

[N (Heliopolis, Cairo, Ain Helwan, Burg El-Burollos), De (Wadi Digla, southeast of Cairo)]

Heliotropium digynum (Forssk.) Asch. ex C.Chr., Dansk Bot. Ark. 4 (3): 14 (1922) –🅿 [N, M, De, R, S]

Heliotropium hirsutissimum Weber, Pl. Min. Cogn. Decuria: 1 (1784) –🅰 [M (Alexandria)]

Heliotropium lasiocarpum Fisch. & C.A.Mey., Index Seminum (LE, Petropolitanus) 4: 38 (1838) –🅰

[N, O, M, De, S]

Heliotropium pterocarpum (DC.) Hochst. & Steud. ex Bunge, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 42 (1): 331

(1869) –🅰 [De, R, GE]

Heliotropium ramosissimum (Lehm.) Sieber ex DC., Prodr. 9: 536 (1845) –🅿 [N, O, M, D, R, GE, S]

Heliotropium rotundifolium Sieber ex Lehm., Icon. Descr. Nov. Stirp. 2: t. 19 (1822) –🅿 NE [De, S]

Heliotropium supinum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 130 (1753) –🅰 [N, O, M, De, GE, S]

Heliotropium zeylanicum (Burm.f.) Lam., Encycl. 3: 94 (1789) –🅿 [GE]

*Hormuzakia aggregata (Lehm.) Guşul., Publ. Soc. Nat. România 6: 83 (1923) –🅰 [N, M, S]

Lappula spinocarpos (Forssk.) Asch. ex Kuntze, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 10: 215 (1887).

subsp. spinocarpos

[=var. spinocarpos] –🅰 [N, M, De, S]

[=Lappula spinocarpos var. inermis Botsch. in Izv. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Ser. Biol. 1: 364 (1964) –🅰

[N (Cairo), D]

Microparacaryum bungei (Boiss.) Khat., Fl. Iran 39: 406 (2002).

[=Paracaryum bungei (Boiss.) Brand in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 252(Heft 78): 47 (1921)] –🅰 [De, S]

Microparacaryum intermedium (Fresen.) Hilger & Podlech, Pl. Syst. Evol. 148(3-4): 302 (1985).[=Paracaryum intermedium (Fresen.) Lipsky, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada. 26: 487 (1910)] –🅰

[N (Aswan province and Nubia), De, S]

Moltkiopsis ciliata (Forssk.) I.M.Johnst. in J. Arnold Arbor. 34: 3 (1953) –🆂 [N, O, M, D, GE, S]

Nogalia drepanophylla (Baker) Verdc., Kew Bull. 43: 432 (1988).subsp. suaediformis Verdc., Kew Bull. 43: 434 (1988) –🅿 [GE]

Nonea echioides (L.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15, bis 4: 71 (1819).

[=Nonea ventricosa (Sm.) Griseb., Spic. Fl. Rumel. 2: 98 (1844)] –🅰 [S (St. Katherine)]

Nonea melanocarpa Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., sér. 1, 11: 96 (1849) –🅰 [M]

Nonea vivianii DC., Prodr. 10: 31 (1846) –🅰NE [M, S]

Ogastemma pusillum (Coss. & Durieu ex Bonnet & Barratte) Brummitt, Kew Bull. 36: 680 (1982) –🅰 [De, S]

Paracaryum calathicarpum (Stocks) Boiss., Fl. Orient. 4: 254 (1875) –🅰 [S]

Paracaryum rugulosum (DC.) Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 1, 11: 129 (1849) –🅱/🅿 [De, S]

Podonosma galalensis Schweinf. ex Boiss., Fl. Orient. 4(2): 1199 (1879) –🅿 NE [De, GE]

Pseudolappula sinaica (A.DC.) Khoshsokhan, Sherafati & Kaz.Osaloo, Ann. Bot. Fenn. 55: 302 (2018). [=Lappula sinaica (A.DC.) Asch. & Schweinf., Mém. Inst. Egypt. 2: 111 (1887)] –🅰 [S]

Trichodesma africanum (L.) Sm. in A.Rees, Cycl. 36: n.° 2 (1817).

[=Trichodesma africanum (L.) R.Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. 1:496 (1810)]

var. abyssinicum Brand in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 252 (Heft 78): 30 (1921)] –🅰/🅿 [GE]

var. africanum –🅰/🅿 [N, O, M, D, R, GE, S]

var.heterotrichum Bornm. & Kneuck., Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 22: 3 (1916) –🅰/🅿 [De, R, S]

Trichodesma ehrenbergii Schweinf., Z. Ges. Erdk. Berlin 4: 337 (1869) –🅰 [N (Aswan), De, R, GE, S]

56. VAHLIACEAE (1 genus, 3 species)

Vahlia dichotoma (Murray) Kuntze, Revis Gen. Pl. 1: 227 (1891) –🅰 [N (Aswan, Nile islands)]

Vahlia digyna (Retz.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1:227 (1891) –🅰 [N (Qena, Aswan, Nubia)]

Vahlia geminiflora (Caill. & Delile) Bridson, Kew Bull. 30: 179 (1975) –🅰 [N (Qena, Aswan, Nubia)]

57. CONVOLVULACEAE (12 genera, 67 taxa)

Calystegia silvatica (Kit) Griseb., Spic. Fl. Rumel. 2: 74 (1844). subsp. silvatica –🅿 [M (Alexandria)]

Convolvulus althaeoides L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 156 (1753)

subsp. althaeoides –🅿 [M, O, De, S]

*subsp. tenuissimus (Sm.) Batt., Fl. Algérie: 592 (1890) –🅿 [M]

Convolvulus arvensis L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 153 (1753) –🅿 [N, O, M, D, R, GE, S]

Convolvulus dorycnium L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: 923 (1759). subsp. dorycnium –🅿 [M]

Convolvulus fatmensis Kunze, Index Seminum (LZ, Lipsiensis) 1839: 2, adnot. (1839).

[=Convolvulus fatmensis Kunze, Flora (Regensburg) 23: 172 (1840)] –🅰/🅿 [N, O, M, D, S]

Convolvulus glomeratus Choisy in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 9: 401 (1845).

var. glomeratus –🅿 [De, R, GE, S]

Convolvulus humilis Jacq., Collectanea 4: 209, t. 32 (1791) –🅰 [M]

Convolvulus hystrix Vahl, Symb. Bot. 1: 16 (1790)

subsp. hystrix –🆂 [D, R, GE, S]

Convolvulus lanatus Vahl, Symb. Bot. 1: 16 (1790) –🆂 [N, M, D, S]

Convolvulus lineatus L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: 923 (1759) –🆂 [M]

Convolvulus oleifolius Desr. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl. 3: 552 (1792)

var. oleifolius –🆂 [M, S]

Convolvulus palaestinus Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., sér. 1, 11: 84 (1849) –🅿 NE [S]

Convolvulus pilosellifolius Desr. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl. 3: 551 (1792)

*var. linearifolius Sa’ad, Meded. Bot. Mus. Herb. Rijks Univ. Utrecht 281: 191 (1967) –🅿 [S]

var. pilosellifolius –🅿 [N, O, M, De, GE, S]

Convolvulus prostratus Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 203 (1775) –🅿 [N, O, De, R, GE, S]

Convolvulus rhyniospermus Hochst. ex Choisy in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 9: 405 (1845) –🅰 [GE]

Convolvulus scammonia L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 153 (1753) –🆁🅿 [S]

Convolvulus schimperi Boiss, Diagn. Pl. Orient, sér. 1, 11: 81 (1849) –🅿 NE [S]

Convolvulus secundus Desr. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl. 3: 553 (1792) –🅿 [?S]

Convolvulus siculus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 156 (1753).

subsp. elongatus Batt. in J.A.Battandier & L.C.Trabut, Fl. Algérie 2: 595 (1890)

[=Convolvulus siculus subsp. agrestis (Schweinf.) Verdc., Kew Bull. 12: 344 (1957)] –🅰/🅿 [R, GE]

subsp. siculus –🅰/🅿 [O, M, GE]

Convolvulus spicatus Peter ex Hallier f., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 18: 99 (1893) –🅿NE [S]

Convolvulus stachydifolius Choisy in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 9: 408 (1845)

var. villosus Hallier f., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 18: 107 (1893) –🅿 [M]

Cressa cretica L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 223 (1753) –🅿 [N, O, M, D, R, GE, S]

Cuscuta approximata Bab., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 13: 253 (1844). subsp. approximata –🅰 [N, S]

*Cuscuta brevistyla A.Braun ex A.Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 79 (1850).

var. brevistyla –🅰 [M, De, S]

Cuscuta campestris Yunck., Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 18: 138 (1932) –🅰 [N, O, M, De, S]

Cuscuta chinensis Lam., Encycl. 2: 229 (1786). var. chinensis –🅰 [GE]

Cuscuta epilinum Weihe in C.M.F.von Boenninghausen, Prodr. Fl. Monast. Westphal.: 75 (1824) –🅿 [N, M]

Cuscuta monogyna Vahl, Symb. Bot. 2: 32 (1791).subsp. monogyna –🅰 [N]

Cuscuta palaestina Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 2, 1: 86 (1849). var. palaestina –🅰 [M, De, S]

Cuscuta pedicellata Ledeb., Fl. Altaic. 1: 293 (1829) –🅰 [N, O, M, D, GE, S]

Cuscuta planiflora Ten., Fl. Napol. 3: 250 (1828)

var. planiflora –🅰 [N, M, D, R, S]

*var. sicula (Tineo ex Engelm.) Trab. ex Yunck., Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 18: 294 (1932) –🅰 [GE]

Dichondra micrantha Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 243 (1924) –🅿 [N (Cairo)]

Distimake aegyptius (L.) A.R.Simões & Staples, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 183: 573 (2017).[=Merremia aegyptia (L.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 4: 505 (1910)] –🅰 [GE]

Distimake dissectus (Jacq.) A.R.Simões & Staples, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 183: 574 (2017). [=Merremia dissecta (Jacq.) Hallier f., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 16: 552 (1893)] –🅿 [N]

Distimake semisagittus (Griseb. ex Peter) A.R.Simões & Staples, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 183 (4): 575 (2017). [=Merremia semisagitta (Griseb ex Peter) Dandy in F.W.Andrews, Fl. Pl. Sudan 3: 125 (1956)] –🅿 [GE]

Echiochilon fruticosum Desf., Fl. Atlant. 1: 166 (1798) –🆂 [N, M, De, S]

Echium angustifolium Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8: n.° 6 (1768).

subsp. angustifolium –🅿 [N, M, D, S]

subsp. sericeum (Vahl) Klotz, Wiss. Z. Martin-Luther-Univ. Halle-Wittenberg, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe11 (2):

298 (1962) –🅿 [M]

Echium glomeratum Poir. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl. 8: 670 (1808) –🅱/🅿 [M]

Echium horridum Batt., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 39: 336 (1892) –🅰/🅿 [De, R, GE, S]

Echium longifolium Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 2(Mém.): 184 (1813) –🅰 [N, D]

Echium plantagineum L., Mant. Pl. 2: 202 (1771) –🅰/🅿 [M (Mersa Matruh)]

Echium rauwolfii Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 2(Mém.): 195 (1813) –🅰 [N, M, De, S]

Echium rubrum Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 41 (1775) –🅰 [(male plants) N, M; (female plants) N, M, S]

Echium sabulicola Pomel, Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 1: 90 (1874).

subsp. sabulicola [=Echium sabulicola Pomel, Bull. Soc. Sci. Phys. Algérie 11: 90 (-91) (1874) var. sabulicola] –🅰/🅿 [M]

Echium tenue Roth, Catal. Bot. 2: 16 (1800).

[=Echium sabulicola var. tenue (Roth) Hadidy in L.Boulos, Fl. Egypt Checklist: 123 (1995)] –🅰/🅿 [ M]

Evolvulus alsinoides (L.) L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2: 391 (1762) –🅰/🅿 [GE]

Evolvulus nummularius (L.) L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2: 391 (1762) –🅿 [GE]

Ipomoea biflora (L.) Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 183 (1805).

[=Ipomoea sinensis subsp. blepharosepala (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) A.Meeuse, Bothalia 6: 729 (1958)] –🅰 [De, GE]

Ipomoea cairica (L.) Sweet, Hort. Brit.: 287 (1826) –🅿 [N, M, De]

Ipomoea carnea Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl.: 13 (1760) –🆂 [N, M, De]

Ipomoea eriocarpa R.Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland.: 484 (1810) –🅰 [N]

Ipomoea hederacea Jacq., Collectanea 1: 124 (1787). [=Ipomoea hederacea Jacq., Icon. Pl. Rar. 1, t. 36 (1786)] –🅰 [N]

*Ipomoea heptaphylla Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 2: 372 (1830). [=Ipomoea wrightii A.Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 2 (1): 213 (1878)] –🅰 [N]

Ipomoea imperati (Vahl) Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub.: 203 (1866).

[=Ipomoea stolonifera J.F.Gmel., Syst. Nat.: 345 (1791)] –🆂 [N, M, De, S]

Ipomoea obscura (L.) Ker Gawl., Bot. Reg. 3: t. 239 (1817) –🅿 [GE]

Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R.Br. in J.H.Tuckey, Narr. Exped. Zaire: 477 (1818).

 subsp. brasiliensis (L.) Ooststr., Blumea 3(3): 533 (1940) –🅿 [N, M, De, S]

Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth, Bot. Abh. Beobacht.: 27 (1787) –🅰 [N (Faiyum)]

*Ipomoea sinaica Täckh., Stud. Fl. Egypt: 176 (1956) –🅰 [S]

*Ipomoea triloba L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 161 (1753) –🅰 [N]

Jacquemontia tamnifolia (L.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I.: 474 (1862) –🅰 [GE]

Seddera arabica (Forssk.) Choisy in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 9: 441 (1845) –🆂 [GE]

Seddera latifolia Hochst. & Steud., Flora 27 (Bes. Beil.): 8 (1844) [=var. latifolia] –🆂 [De, GE, S]

58. SOLANACEAE (9 genera, 41 taxa)

Datura ferox L., Demonstr. Pl.: 6 (1753) –🅰 [S]

Datura innoxia Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8, n.° 5 (1768) –🅰 [N, M, De, S]

Datura metel L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 179 (1753) –🆂 [N, M, De, S]

Datura stramonium L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 179 (1753)

var.stramonium–🅰 [N, S]

*var.tatula (L.) Torr., Fl. N. Middle United States 1: 232 (1824) –🅰 [N]

Hyoscyamus albus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 180 (1753) –🅰/🅿 [M, R, S]

Hyoscyamus aureus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 180 (1753) –🅿 [De, S]

Hyoscyamus boveanus (Dunal) Asch. & Schweinf., Mém. Inst. Egypt. 2: 113 (1887) –🅰E [N, O, M, De, R, S]

Hyoscyamus desertorum (Asch. ex Boiss.) Täckh., Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 36: 252 (1942) –🅰 [M, De, S]

Hyoscyamus muticus L., Mant. Pl. 1: 45 (1767).

subsp. muticus –🅿/🆂 [N, O, M, D, R, GE, S]

Hyoscyamus pusillus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 180 (1753) –🅰 [S]

Hyoscyamus reticulatus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2: 257 (1762) –🅰/🅿 [S]

Lycium europaeum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 192 (1753) –🆂 [N, M, De, R, S]

Lycium schweinfurthii Dammer, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48: 224 (1912).

var. aschersohnii (Dammer) Feinbrun, Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 7: 368 (1968) –🆂 NE [N, M]

var. schweinfurthii –🆂 [M]

Lycium shawii Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed.15, 4: 693 (1819) –🆂 [M, De, R, GE, S]

Nicandra physalodes (L.) Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: 327 (1791).

[=Nicandra physalodes (L.) Scopoli, Int. Hist. Nat. 182 (1777) nom. invalid ??] –🅰/🅿 [N]

Nicotiana glauca Graham, Edinburgh New Philos J. 5: 175 (1828) –🆂/🆃 [N, O, M, De, S]

*Nicotiana glutinosa L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 181 (1753) –🅰 [M]

Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Viv., Elench. Pl. Dinegro: 26 (1802) –🅰 [N]

Nicotiana rustica L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 180 (1753) –🅰 [N, O (Uweinat), M, S]

Physalis angulata L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 183 (1753) –🅰 [N]

Physalis ixocarpa Brot. ex Hornem., Hort. Bot. Hafn. Suppl.: 26 (1819) –🅰 [N]

*Physalis peruviana L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2: 1670 (1763) –🅿 [N, O, M, De, S]

*Salpichroa origanifolia (Lam.) Baill., Hist. Pl. 9: 288 (1888) –🅰/🅿 [N]

Solanum coagulans Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 47 (1775) –🅰 [R, GE]

*Solanum diphyllum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 184 (1753) –🆂 [N]

Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav., Icon. 3: 22 (1795) –🅿 [N, M, S (Rafah)]

Solanum forskaolii Dunal, Hist. Nat. Solanum: 237 (1813) –🆂 [GE]

Solanum incanum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 188 (1753) –🆂 [N, GE]

*Solanum memphiticum J.F. Gmel., Syst. Nat., ed. 13[bis]. 2(1): 385 (1791) –🅰/🆂 [S]

Solanum nigrum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 186 (1753).

var. elbaensis Täckh. & Boulos, Publ. Cairo Univ. Herb. 5: 102, f. 16 (1974) –🅰E [De, R, GE]

var. incisum Täckh. & Boulos, Publ. Cairo Univ. Herb. 5: 101, f. 16 (1974) –🅰 [N, M, De, S]

var. nigrum –🅰 [N, O, M, D, S, R, GE]

Solanum schimperianum Hochst., Flora 24(1, Intelligenzbl.): 24 (1841). [=Solanum schimperianum Hochst. ex A. Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 98 (1851)] –🆂 [GE]

Solanum sinaicum Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 1, 11: 135 (1849) –🅿 NE [S]

Solanum villosum Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8, n.° 2 (1768).

subsp. miniatum (Bernh. ex Willd.) J.M.Edmonds, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 89: 166 (1984) –🅰 [S, De]

subsp. villosum –🅰 [N, O, M, GE, S]

Solanum virginianum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 187 (1753) –🆂 [?R]

Withania obtusifolia Täckh., Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 26: 370, f. 1-3 (1932) –🆂 NE [GE, S]

Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 13 (1): 453 (1852) –🅿/🆂 [N, O, M, GE, S]

59. SPHENOCLEACEAE (1 genus,1 species)

Sphenoclea zeylanica Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl. 1: 113, t. 24/5 (1788) –🅰 [O (Bahariya]

60. OLEACEAE (2 genera, 4 taxa)

Olea europaea L., Sp. Pl., ed.1, 1: 8 (1753). subsp. cuspidata (Wall. & G.Don) Cif., Olivicoltore 19 (5): 96 (1942) –🆃/🆂 [De, GE] subsp. europaea[=Olea europaea var. sylvestris (Mill.) Lehr in Diss. Bot.-Med. Olea europaea: 20 (1779)] –🆂 [M, Dw]

Jasminum fluminense Vell., Fl. Flumin. 1: 10, t. 23 (1829).subsp. gratissimum (Deflers) P.S.Green, Kew Bull. 41: 417 (1986) –🆂/🅲 [GE]

Jasminum grandiflorum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2.: 9 (1762). subsp. floribundum (R.Br. ex Fresen.) P.S.Green, Kew Bull. 41: 414 (1986) –🆂 [GE]

61. PLANTAGINACEAE (11 genera, 64 taxa)

Anarrhinum forskaohlii (J.F.Gmel.) Cufod., Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 33(Suppl.): 891 (1963).

*subsp. forskaohlii –🅿NE [S]

subsp. pubescens D.A.Sutton, Rev. Antirrh.: 258 (1988).

[=Anarrhinum pubescens Fresen., Mus. Senckenberg. 1: 89 (1833)] –🅿E [S]

Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst.in H.G.A.Engler & K.A.E.Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4 (3b): 77 (1891).

[=Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 98: 94 (1946)] –🅿 [N, De, S]

Globularia arabica Jaub. & Spach., III. Pl. Orient 3(26): 75, t. 260 (1848) –🆂 [M, De, S]

Kickxia aegyptiaca (L.) Nábělek, Spisy Přír. Fak. Masarykovy Univ. 70: 31 (1926).

subsp. aegyptiaca –🅿 [N, O, M, D, R, S]

Kickxia elatine (L.) Dumort., Fl. Belg.: 35 (1827).

subsp. sieberi (Rchb.) Hayek, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 30(2): 144 (1929). [=Kickxia elatine subsp. crinita (Mabille) Greuter, Boissiera 13: 108 (1967)] –🅰 [N, O, M]

Kickxia floribunda (Boiss.) Täckh. & Boulos, Publ. Cairo Univ. Herb. 5: 97 (1974) –🅿 NE [M, De, R, S]

Kickxia pseudoscoparia V.W.Sm. & D.A.Sutton, Rev. Antirrh.: 231 (1988) –🆂 [GE, S]

Kickxia spuria (L.) Dumort., Fl. Belg.: 35 (1827). subsp. integrifolia (Brot) R.Fern., Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 64: 74 (1971) –🅰 [N, S]

Limosella aquatica L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 631 (1753).

var. aquatica –🅰 [N]

Linaria albifrons (Sm.) Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed.16, 2: 793 (1825) –🅰 [M, De, S]

Linaria chalepensis (L.) Mill, Gard. Dict., ed. 8: n.° (1768).

var. chalepensis –🅰 [M, S]

Linaria haelava (Forssk.) Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 2 (Mém.): 66 (1813) –🅰 NE [M, D, S]

Linaria joppensis Bornm. in Verh. K.K., Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 48: 612 (1898) –🅰 NE [S]

Linaria micrantha (Cav.) Hoffmanns. & Link, Fl. Port. 1: 258 (1811) –🅰 [M]

Linaria simplex Desf. Tabl. École Bot: 65 (1804) –🅰 [S]

Linaria tenuis (Viv.) Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 2: 795 (1825) –🅰 [M, De, S]

Misopates microcarpum (Pomel) D.A.Sutton, Rev. Antirrh. 151 (1988) –🅰 [De (northern Galala)]

Misopates orontium (L.) Raf., Autik. Bot.: 158 (1840).

subsp. orontium –🅰 [N, O, M, De, R, GE, S]

Nanorrhinum acerbianum (Boiss.) Betsche, Courier Forschungsinst. Senckenberg 71: 132 (1984).

subsp. acerbianum

[=Kickxia acerbiana (Boiss.) Täckh. & Boulos, Publ. Cairo Univ. Herb. 5: 98 (1974)] –🅰/🅿 [D, R, GE, S]

*subsp. montanum Betsche, Courier Forschungsinst. Senckenberg 71: 132 (1984) –🅰/🅿 E [S]

Nanorrhinum hastatum (R.Br. ex Benth.) Ghebr., Nordic J. Bot. 20 (6): 677 (2001).

[=Kickxia hastata (R.Br. ex Benth.) Dandy in F.W. Andrews, Fl. Pl. Sudan 3: 137 (1956)] –🅰 [GE]

Nanorrhinum heterophyllum (Schousb.) Ghebr., Nordic J. Bot. 20(6): 683 (2001).

[=Kickxia gracilis D.A.Sutton, Rev. tribe Antirrh.: 222 (1988)] –🆂 [De, GE, S]

[=Kickxia heterophylla (Schousb.) Dandy in F.W.Andrews, Fl. Pl. Sudan 3: 137 (1956)] –🅿

[De, R, GE] Nanorrhinum macilentum (Decne.) Betsche, Courier Forschungsinst. Senckenberg 71: 132 (1984). [=Kickxia macilenta (Decne.) Danin in Danin & Hedge, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 32: 265 (1973)] –🆂 NE [S]

*Nanorrhinum scariosepalum (Täckh. & Boulos) Yousefi & Zarre, Nordic J. Bot. 34: 461 (2016) –🅿E [S]

Nanorrhinum scoparium (Brouss. ex Spreng.) Yousefi & Zarre, Nordic J. Bot. 34: 461 (2016).[=Kickxia scoparia (Brouss. ex Spreng.) G.Kunkel & Sunding, Monogr. Biol. Canar. 3: 67 (1972)] –🅿 [GE, S]

Plantago afra L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2: 168 (1762).

subsp. afra –🅰 [N, O, M, De, R, GE, S]

Plantago albicans L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 114 (1753) –🅿 [M, D, S]

Plantago amplexicaulis Cav., Icon. 2: 22 (1793). subsp. bauphula (Edgew.) Rech.f., Fl. Iranica 15: 11 (1965) –🅰 [N, M, De, R, GE, S]

Plantago ciliata Desf., Fl. Atlant. 1: 137 (1798) –🅰 [N, O, M, D, R, GE, S]

Plantago coronopus L., Sp. Pl., ed.1, 1: 115 (1753).subsp. coronopus –🅿 [N, M, R] subsp. macrorhiza(Poir.) Arcang., Comp. Fl. Ital.: 501 (1882). [=Plantago macrorhiza Poir., Voy. Barbarie 2: 114 (1789)] –🅿 [M]

Plantago crassifolia Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 31 (1775) –🅿 [N, M]

Plantago crypsoides Boiss., Fl. Orient. 4: 888 (1879) –🅰 NE [N, O, M, D, S]

Plantago cylindrica Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 31 (1775) –🅿 rarely 🅰 [N, M, D, S]

Plantago exigua Murray, Commentat. Soc. Regiae Sci. Gott. 1778: 94, t. 5 (1778) –🅰 [N, O, De]

Plantago indica L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10. 2: 896 (1759).

[=Plantago arenaria Waldst. & Kit., Descr. Icon. Pl. Hung. 1: 51 (1801)] –🅰 [N, O, M, D, S]

Plantago lagopus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1:114 (1753)

subsp. lagopus –🅰/🅿 [N, O, M, De, R, GE]

Plantago lanceolata L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 113 (1753) –🅿 [N, De]

Plantago major L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 112 (1753)

subsp. major –🅿 [N, O, M, De, S]

Plantago notata Lag., Gen. Sp. Pl.: 7 (1816) –🅰 [N, M, Dw, S]

Plantago ovata Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 31 (1775) –🅰 [N, M, De, R, S]

Plantago phaeostoma Boiss. & Heldr., P.E.Boissier, Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 2, 4: 71 (1859) –🅰 [M, D, S]

Plantago sinaica (Barnéoud)Decne. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 13(1): 733 (1852) –🆂 NE [S]

Plantago squarrosa Murray, Commentat. Soc. Regiae Sci. Gott. 4 (Cl. Phys.): 38 (1782) –🅰 [N, M, De, S]

Plantago weldenii Rchb., Fl. Germ. Excurs. 1: 396 (1831). subsp. weldenii

[=Plantago commutata Guss., Fl. Sicul. Prodr., Suppl.: 46 (1832)] –🅰/🅱 [N, O, M, De, S]

Schweinfurthia pedicellata (T.Anderson) Balf.f., Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 31: 201 (1888) –🅰 [GE]

Veronica anagallis-aquatica L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 12 (1753)

var. anagallis-aquatica –🅿 [N, O, M, S]

*var. nilotica R.Uechtr. in P.F.A.Ascherson & al., Ill. Fl. Égypte 2: 117 (1887) –🅿 NE [N]

Veronica anagalloides Guss., Pl. Rar. 5. 1. 3 (1826).

*subsp. anagalloides –🅰/🅿 [S]

subsp. taeckholmiorum Chrtek & Osb.-Kos., Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 16 (4): 426 (1981) –🅰/🅿 E [N, M]

*Veronica beccabunga L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 12 (1753)

subsp. beccabunga –🅿 [N, O, M, S]

Veronica biloba Schreb. ex L., Mant. Pl. 2: 172 (1771) –🅰 [S]

Veronica campylopoda Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 1, 4: 80 (1844) –🅰 [S]

Veronica catenata Pennell, Rhodora 23: 37 (1921).

subsp. catenata –🅰 [N]

subsp. pseudocatenata Chrtek & Osb.-Kos., Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 16: 430 (1981) –🅿 NE [N, O, M, R, S]

*Veronica cymbalaria Bodard, Mém. Véronique Cymb.: 3 (1798) –🅰 [M]

*Veronica heureka (M.A.Fisch.) Tzvelev, Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 69: 1257 (1984) –🅰 [N, S]

Veronica kaiseri Täckh., Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 36: 250 (1942) –🅿 NE [S]

Veronica persica Poir. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl. 8: 542 (1808) –🅰 [N, M]

Veronica polita Fr., Novit. Fl. Svec.: 63 (1819).

subsp. polita –🅰 [N, O, M]

Veronica rubrifolia Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 1, 12: 46 (1853). subsp. respectatissima M.A.Fisch., Fl. Iranica 147, 1: 71, t. 48(1981) –🅰 [S]

Veronica scardica Griseb., Spic. Fl. Rumel. 2: 31 (1844). subsp. africana Chrtek & Osb.-Kos., Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 16 (4): 433 (1981) –🅿 NE [N, O]

Veronica syriaca Roem. & Schult, Syst. Veg., ed.15 [bis]. 1: 116 (1817) –🅰 [M]

62. SCROPHULARIACEAE (4 genera, 17 taxa)

Anticharis arabica Endl. in S.L.Endlicher & E.Fenzl., Nov. Stirp. Dec. 23 (1839) –🅰 [De, GE]

Anticharis glandulosa Asch., Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1866: 880 (1866) –🅰

[O, M, De, R, GE, S]

Anticharis senegalensis (Walp.) Bhandari, Bull. Bot. Surv. India 6: 327 (1965).

[=Anticharis linearis (Benth.) Hochst. ex Asch., Monatsber. Königl. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1866: 882 (1866)] –🅰 [De, R, GE]

Jamesbrittenia dissecta (Delile) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 461 (1891) –🅰 [N]

Scrophularia arguta Aiton, Hort. Kew., ed. 1, 2: 342 (1789) –🅰 [GE]

Scrophularia canina L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 621 (1753) –🅿 [M (Mersa Matruh to Sollum)]

Scrophularia deserti Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 2 (Mém.) 240, t. 33, f. 1 (1813).

[=Scrophularia sinaica Benth. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 10: 314 (1846)] –🅿 [N, M, De, GE, S]

Scrophularia hypericifolia Wydler, Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 4: 166 (1828).

[=Scrophularia syriaca Benth. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 10: 316 (1846)] –🆂 [De, S]

Scrophularia libanotica Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 1, 12: 36 (1853).

subsp. libanotica –🅿 [S]

Scrophularia xanthoglossa Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient, ser. 1, 12: 38 (1853).

var. xanthoglossa –🅿 [De, R, S]

Verbascum decaisneanum Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 468 (1891) –🅿 NE [S]

Verbascum eremobium Murb., Acta Univ. Lund., 2, 29 (2): 458 (1933) –🅿 NE [S]

Verbascum fruticulosum Post, Bull. Herb. Boissier 1: 405 (1893) –🅿 NE [S]

Verbascum letourneuxii Asch. & Schweinf., Mém. Inst. Egypt. 2: 189 (1887) –🆂NE [M, Dw, S]

Verbascum schimperianum Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., sér. 1. 12: 11 (1853) –🅿 NE [S]

Verbascum sinaiticum Benth. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 10: 236 (1846) –🅱 [S]

Verbascum sinuatum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 178 (1753).

var. adenosepalum Murb., Acta Univ. Lund., 2, 29 (2): 371 (1933) –🅱 [N, O, De, S]

63. PEDALIACEAE (3 genera, 3 taxa)

Pedalium murex L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: 1123 (1759) –🅰 [GE]

Rogeria adenophylla J.Gay ex Delile, Cent. Pl. Afr. Voy. Méroé: 78, 106 (1826).

subsp. adenophylla –🅿 [GE]

Sesamum alatum Thonn. in C.F.Schumacher, Beskr. Guin. Pl.: 284 (1827) –🅰 [De]

64. ACANTHACEAE [incl. AVICENNIACEAE] (8 genera, 12 taxa)

Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math. -Naturwiss. Kl. 71: 435 (1907)

subsp. marina–🆃/🆂 [R, S]

Barleria acanthoides Vahl., Symb. Bot. 1: 47 (1790) –🆂 [De, GE]

Barleria hochstetteri Nees in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 11: 231 (1847) –🆂 [GE]

Blepharis attenuata Napper, Israel J. Bot. 21: 164 (1972) –🅰/🅿NE [De, S]

Blepharis edulis (Forssk.) Pers., Syn. Pl. 2: 180 (1806) –🅰/🅿 [M, D, R, GE, S]

*Dicliptera aegyptiaca E. Shamso, Egypt. J. Bot. 59(2): 477 (2019) –🅰E [R]

Dicliptera paniculata (Forssk.) I.Darbysh., Kew Bull. 62(1): 122 (2007).

[=Peristrophe paniculata (Forssk.) Brummitt, Kew Bull. 38 (3): 451 (1983)] –🅰 [De, R, GE]

Ecbolium viride (Forssk.) Alston in H.Trimen, Handb. Fl. Ceylon 6 (Suppl.): 229 (1931) –🆂 [GE]

Justicia heterocarpa T.Anderson, J. Proc. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 7: 41 (1863).

subsp. heterocarpa –🅰 [GE]

Justicia ladanoides Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1(1): 42 (1791) –🅰 [GE]

*Meiosperma debile (Forssk.) I.Darbysh. & E.A.Tripp, Kew Bull. 77: 257 (2022) –🅰/🅿 [GE]

Ruellia patula Jacq., Misc. Austriac. Bot. 2: 358 (1779) –🅿 [R, GE]

65. LENTIBULARIACEAE (1 genus, 3 species)

Utricularia gibba L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 18 (1753) –🅰/🅿 [O]

Utricularia inflexa Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 9 (1775) –🅰/🅿 [N (Nile Delta), M]

*Utricularia stellaris L.f., Suppl. Pl.: 86 (1782) –🅿 [N]

66. VERBENACEAE (5 genera, 7 taxa)

Lantana camara L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 627 (1753) –🆂 [N (Aswan)]

Lantana viburnoides (Forssk.) Vahl, Symb. Bot. 1: 45 (1790) –🆂 [GE]

Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene, Pittonia 4: 46 (1899).

var. nodiflora –🅿 [N, O, M, D, R, S]

Premna resinosa (Hochst.) Schauer in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 11: 637 (1847).

subsp. resinosa –🆂 [GE]

Priva adhaerens (Forssk.) Chiov., Bull. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1923: 115 (1923) –🆂 [GE]

Verbena officinalis L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 20 (1753).var. officinalis –🅿 [N, O, M, De]

Verbena supina L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 21 (1753) –🅰 [N, O, M, R]

67. LAMIACEAE [LABIATAE] (28 genera, 69 taxa)

Ajuga chamaepitys (L.) Schreb., Pl. Verticill. Unilab. Gen. Sp.: 24 (1773).

subsp. tridactylites (Ging. ex Benth.) P.H.Davis, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 38: 29 (1980) –🅿 [S]

Ajuga iva (L.) Schreb., Pl. Verticill. Unilab. Gen. Sp.: 25 (1773) –🅿 [O (Uweinat), M, S]

Ballota kaiseri Täckh., Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 26: 378 (1932) –🅿 E [S]

Ballota saxatilis Sieber ex C.Presl in J.S.Presl & C.B.Presl, Delic. Prag.: 81 (1822).subsp. saxatilis –🅿 [R, S]

*Clinopodium barbatum (P.H.Davis) Melnikov, Turczaninowia 18 (3): 107 (2015) –🅿 [S]

*Coleus hadiensis (Forssk.) A.J.Paton, PhytoKeys 129: 54 (2019) –🅿 [M]

Dracocephalum roylean um Benth.in N. Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 1: 65 (1830).

[=Lallemantia royleana (Benth) Benth. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 12: 404 (1848)] –🅰 [S]

Lamium amplexicaule L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 579 (1753).

subsp. amplexicaule –🅰 [N, O, M, S]

Lavandula atriplicifolia Benth. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 12: 146 (1848) –🆂 NE [N, De]

Lavandula coronopifolia Poir. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl. 3 (1): 308 (1789) –🅿

[O (Uweinat), M, De, R, GE, S]

Lavandula multifida L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 572 (1753) –🅿 [De, GE]

Lavandula pubescens Decne., Ann. Sci. Nat, Bot., sér. 2, 2: 246 (1834) –🅿 [De, R, S]

Leucas inflata Benth., Labiat. Gen. Spec.: 744 (1835) –🅿 [De, GE, S]

Leucas neuflizeana Courbon, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 4, 18: 145 (1862) –🅰 [GE]

Leucas urticifolia (Vahl) Sm. in A.Rees, Cycl. 20: n.° 4 (1812).

var. urticifolia

[=Leucas urticifolia (Vahl) R.Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. 504 (1810)] –🅰 [GE]

Marrubium alysson L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 582 (1753) –🅰/🅿 [M, D, S]

Marrubium vulgare L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 583 (1753) –🅿 [M, S]

Mentha pulegium L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 577 (1753) –🅿 [N, O]

Mentha longifolia (L.) L., Amoen. Acad., Linnaeus ed. 4: 485 (1759).

[=Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds., Fl. Angl., ed. 1: 221 (1762)].

*subsp. longifolia –🅿 [S]

var. schimperi(Briq.) Briq., Bull. Herb. Boissier 4: 686 (1896).

[=subsp. schimperi (Briq.) Briq. in Engl. & Prantl, Natürl, Pflanzenfam. 4(3a): 321 (1897)] –🅿 NE [S]

subsp. typhoides (Briq.) Harley, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 38: 38 (1980) –🅿 [N, O, M, S]

*Mentha spicata L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 576 (1753).

subsp. condensata (Briq.) Greuter & Burdet, Willdenowia 14: 301 (1984 publ. 1985) –🅿 [N, O, S]

Micromeria imbricata (Forssk.) C.Chr., Dansk Bot. Ark. 4 (3): 21 (1922) –🅿 [GE]

Micromeria myrtifolia Boiss. & Hohen. in P.E.Boissier, Diagn. Pl. Orient, sér. 1. 5: 19 (1844) –🅿 [S]

Micromeria nervosa (Desf.) Benth., Labiat. Gen. Spec.: 376 (1834) –🅿 [M, Dw, S]

Micromeria serbaliana Danin & Hedge, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinbrugh 32 (2): 261 (1973) –🅿 E [S]

Micromeria sinaica Benth., Labiat. Gen. Spec.: 380 (1834) –🅿NE [R, S]

Nepeta septemcrenata Ehrenb. ex Benth., Labiat. Gen. Spec.: 484 (1834) –🅿 NE [S]

Ocimum forskoelei Benth., Labiat., Gen. Spec. 1:6 (1832) –🆂 [GE]

Origanum isthmicum Danin, Israel J. Bot. 18: 191 (1969) –🆂 NE [S (Halal Mountain)]

Origanum syriacum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 590 (1753). subsp. sinaicum (Boiss.) Greuter & Burdet, Willdenowia 14 (2): 301 (1985) –🆂 E [S]

*Origanum vulgare L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 590 (1753) –🅿 [S]

Orthosiphon pallidus Royle ex Benth., Bot. Misc. 3 (9): 370 (1833) –🅿 [GE]

Otostegia fruticosa (Forssk.) Schweinf. ex Penzig, Atti Congr. Bot. Int. Genova: 356 (1893).

subsp. fruticosa –🆂 [De, R, GE, S]

subsp. schimperi (Benth.) Sebald, Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturk., A 263: 66 (1973) –🆂 [S]

Phlomis aurea Decne., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot, sér. 2, 2: 251 (1834) –🅿E [S]

*Phlomis brachyodon (Boiss.) Zohary ex Rech.f., Oesterr. Bot. Z. 89: 290 (1940).

subsp. brachyodon –🅿 [S]

Phlomis floccosa D.Don, Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 15: t. 1300 (1830) –🆂 [O, M, S]

Phlomoides laciniata (L.) Kamelin & Makhm., Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 75: 249 (1990).

[=Eremostachys laciniata (L.) Bunge in C.F.von Ledebour, Fl. Altaic. 2: 416 (1830)] –🅿 [S]

Prasium majus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 601 (1753) –🆂 [M]

Pseudodictamnus damascenus (Boiss.) Salmaki & Siadati, Taxon 67 (4): 779 (2018).

[=Ballota damascena Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient, sér. 1, 12: 87 (1853)] –🅿 NE [M, De, S]

Pseudodictamnus mediterraneus Salmaki & Siadati, Taxon 67 (4): 779 (2018). [=Ballota pseudodictamnus (L.) Benth., Labiat. Gen. Spec.: 594 (1834)] –🅿 [M (Sallum)]

Pseudodictamnus undulatus (Sieber ex Fresen.) Salmaki & Siadati, Taxon 67 (4): 780 (2018). [=Ballota undulata (Sieber ex Fresen.) Benth., Labiat. Gen. Spec.: 595 (1834)] –🅿 [De, S]

Salvia aegyptiaca L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 23 (1753) –🆂 [N, M, De, R, GE, S]

Salvia deserti Decne., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 2: 248 (1834) –🆂 NE [De, S]

Salvia dominica L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 25 (1753) –🅿 [S]

Salvia lanigera Poir. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl., Suppl. 5: 49 (1817).

var. lanigera –🅿 [O, M, De, S]

*var.grandiflora (Benth.) Dinsmore in Post, Fl. 2: 360 (1933) –🅿 [M]

Salvia multicaulis Vahl, Enum. Pl. Obs. 1: 225 (1804) –🅿 [S]

Salvia palaestina Benth., Labiat. Gen. Spec.: 718 (1835) –🅿 [De, S]

Salvia sclarea L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 27 (1753) –🅿 [S]

Salvia spinosa L., Mant. Pl. 2: 511 (1771).

subsp. spinosa –🅿 [N, M,

Salvia verbenaca L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 25 (1753) –🅿 [M, De]

*Scutellaria tomentosa Bertol., Misc. Bot. 2: 11 (1843) –🅿 [S]

Stachys aegyptiaca Pers., Syn. Pl. 2 (1): 124 (1806) –🅿 NE [N, M, De, R, S]

Teucrium brevifolium Schreb., Pl. Verticill. Unilab. Gen. Sp.: 27 (1773) –🆂 [M (Sallum), S]

*Teucrium capitatum L., Sp. Pl. ed. 1, 2:566 (1753).

subsp. capitatum –🆂 [S]

Teucrium decaisnei C.Presl, Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 5, 3: 530 (1845) –🆂

NE [De, S]

*Teucrium jordanicum (Danin) Faried, Nordic J. Bot. 33: 390 (2015).

var. jordanicum –🅿 NE [De, S]

var. sinaicum (Danin) Faried, Nordic J. Bot. 33: 391 (2015) –🅿 E [R, S]

Teucrium leucocladum Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., sér. 1, 5: 44 (1844).

*var. leucocladum –🅿 [R, S]

*var. glandulosum Danin, Willdenowia 27: 169 (1997) –🅿E [S]

Teucrium polium L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 566 (1753) –🅿 [M, Dw, S]

Thymbra capitata (L.) Cav., Elench. Pl. Horti Matr.: 37 (1803).

[=Thymus capitatus (L.) Hoffmanns. & Link, Fl. Portug. 1: 123 (1809)] –🆂 [M]

Thymus bovei Benth., Labiat. Gen. Spec.: 342 (1834) –🆂 NE [De, S]

Thymus decussatus Benth., Labiat. Gen. Spec.: 482 (1834) –🆂NE [S]

Volkameria acerbiana Vis. in G.F.Spongia, Comment. Med. 2: 207 (1836).

[=Clerodendrum acerbianum (Vis.) Benth. & Hook.f., Gen. Pl. 2: 1156 (1876)] –🆂

[N (Kom Ombo, Nubia)]

Ziziphora capitata L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 21 (1753).

subsp. capitata –🅰 [S]

Ziziphora tenuior L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 21 (1753) –🅰 [S]

68. PHRYMACEAE (1 genus, 1 species)

Peplidium maritimum (L.f.) Asch., Beitr. Fl. Aethiop.: 275 (1867) –🅰 [N (Damietta), S]

69. OROBANCHACEAE (6 genera, 22 taxa)

Cistanche phelypaea (L.) Cout., Fl. Portugal: 571 (1913) –🅿 [N, O, M, De, R, S]

Cistanche tubulosa (Schenk) Wight ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 4 (2): 324 (1884).

[=var. tubulosa] –🅿 [N, M, De, R, GE, S]

[=var. albiflora (Gilli) Hadidy in L.Boulos, Fl. Egypt Checklist: 141 (1995)] –🅿 [S]

Cistanche violacea (Desf.) Hoffmanns. & Link, Fl. Portug. 1: 320 (1813). [=Cistanche violacea (Desf.) Beck in Engl. & Prantl, Natürl. Pflanzenfam. (IV. 3b): 129 (1893)] –🅿

[O, M, Dw, S]

Lindenbergia indica (L.) Vatke, Oesterr. Bot. Z. 25: 10 (1875) –🆂 [D, R, GE, S]

Lindernia parviflora (Roxb.) Haines, Bot. Bihar Orissa: 635 (1922) –🅰 [N (Kom Ombo)]

Orobanche aegyptiaca Pers., Syn. Pl., 2: 181 (1806) –🅰/🅿 [N, M]

Orobanche cernua Loefl., Iter Hispan.: 152 (1758) –🅿 [N, M, De, R, S]

Orobanche crenata Forssk., Fl. Aegypt-Arab.: 113 (1775) –🅰/🅿 [N, O, M, De, S]

Orobanche grisebachii Reut. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 11: 28 (1847).

[=Orobanche minor var. grisebachii (Reut.) Hadidy in L.Boulos, Fl. Egypt Checklist:140 (1995)] –🅰

[N (El Marg, Cairo)]

Orobanche lavandulacea Rehb., Iconogr. Bot. Pl. Crit. 7: 48, f. 935 (1829) –🅰 [N]

Orobanche minor Sm., Engl. Bot. 6: t. 422 (1797) –🅰 [N, M, De]

Orobanche mutelii F.W.Schultz in P.A.V.Mutel, Fl. Franç. Herbor. 2: 353, t. 43, f. 314 (1835)

var. mutelii –🅰/🅿 [N, M, De, R, S]

*var. sinaica Beck, Biblioth. Bot. 4(19): 97 (1890) –🅿 [S]

Orobanche nana Noë ex Rchb., Exsicc. 1842: n.° 1352 (1842).

[=Orobanche nana (Reut.) Noë ex Beck, Biblioth. Bot. 4(19): 91, t. 1.f. 11 (1890)] –🅰/🅿 [N, S]

Orobanche pubescens d’Urv., Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 332 (1822). [=Orobanche minor var. pubescens (d’Urv.) Meikle, Fl. Cyprus 2: 1897 (1985)] –🅰

[N (Cairo), M (Alexandria-Rosetta)]

Orobanche ramosa L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 633 (1753) –🅰/🅿 [N, O, M, De, GE, S]

Orobanche schultzii Mutel, Fl. Franç. Herbor. 2: 352 (1835) –🅰 [M]

Orobanche schweinfurthii Beck, Biblioth. Bot. 4 (19): 94 (1890).

[=Orobanche ramosa var. schweinfurthii (Beck) Hadidy in L.Boulos, Fl. Egypt Checklist: 138 (1995)] –🅰/🅿

[N, M]

Parentucellia viscosa (L.) Caruel in F.Parlatore, Fl. Ital. 6: 482 (1885) –🅰 [N]

Striga asiatica (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 466 (1891) –🅰 [N (Abu Zaabal, near Cairo), M]

Striga gesnerioides (Willd.) Vatke, Österr. Bot. Z. 25: 11 (1875) –🅰 [O (Kharga)]

Striga hermonthica (Delile) Benth., Compan. Bot. Mag. 1: 365 (1836) –🅰 [N]

70. APIACEAE [UMBELLIFERAE] (28 genera, 55 taxa)

Apium graveolens L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 264 (1753)

*var.bashmense Hosni, Taeckholmia 11: 65 (1988) –🅰 E [O]

 var. graveolens –🅰 [N, O, M, De, R, S]

Ammi majus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 243 (1753).

subsp. majus –🅰 [N, O, M, De, S]

Ammodaucus leucotrichus Coss. & Durieu, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 6: 393 (1859)

var. leucotrichus

[=Ammodaucus leucotrichus Coss. & Durieu, Pl. Alg. Select. Exicc. no. 42 (1858)] –🅰 [Dw]

Astomaea seselifolia (DC.) Rauschert, Taxon 31(3): 563 (1982).

[=Astomaea seselifolium DC., Coll. Mém. 5: 71, t. 17 (1829)] –🅿NE [S]

Ammoides pusilla (Brot.) Breistr., Bull. Soc. Sci. Dauphiné, sér. 6, 1: 628 (1947) –🅰 [O (Dakhla)]

Berula erecta (Huds.) Coville, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 4: 115 (1893) –🅿

[N (Delta), O (Wadi Natrun), M (Alexandria)]

Bupleurum exaltatum M.Bieb., Tabl. Prov. Mer Casp.: 113 (1798).

[=Bupleurum falcatum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 237 (1753) subsp. exaltatum (M.Bieb.) H.Wolff var. linearifolium (DC.) H.Wolff in Engl., Pflanzenr. 43, (IV, 228): 135 (1910)] –🅿 [S]

Bupleurum lancifolium Hornem., Enum. Pl. Hort. Hafn., Suppl. 2: 3, adnot. 5 (1808)

var. lancifolium

[=Bupleurum lancifolium Hornem., Hort. Bot. Hafn. 1: 267 (1813)] –🅰 [N, M, Dw, S]

*Bupleurum muschleri H.Wolff, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9: 565 (1911) –🅰 E [N]

Bupleurum nanum Poir. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl., Suppl. 1: 750 (1811) –🅰 NE [M]

Bupleurum nodiflorum Sm. J.Sibthorp & J.E.Smith, Fl. Graec. Prodr. 1: 177 (1806) –🅰 [M, S]

Bupleurum semicompositum L., Demonstr. Pl.: 7 (1753) –🅰 [N, M, D, S]

Bupleurum subovatum Link ex Spreng., Sp. Umbell.: 19 (1818) –🅰 [N]

Coriandrum sativum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 256 (1753) –🅰 [N, O, M, De, S]

Crithmum maritimum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 246 (1753) –🆁/🅿 [M]

Cyclospermum leptophyllum (Pers.) Sprague ex Britton & P.Wilson, Sci. Surv. Porto Rico & Virgin Islands 6: 52

(1925).

[=Apium leptophyllum (Pers.) F.Muell. ex Benth., FL. Austral. 3: 372 (1867)] –🅰 [N, M]

Daucus aureus Desf., Fl. Atlant. 1: 242, t. 61 (1798) –🅰 [N (Cairo region), S]

*Daucus broteri Ten., Syll. Pl. Fl. Neapol., App. 3: IV (1830) –🅰 [N, S]

Daucus glaber (Forssk.) Thell., Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Math. Cherbourg 38: 407 (1912).

[=Daucus littoralis Sm. in J.Sibthorp & J.E.Smith, Fl. Graec. Prodr. 1: 185 (1806) var. forsskaolii Boiss., Fl.

Orient. 2: 1074 (1872)] –🅰 [N, M, D, S]

[=Daucus littoralis var. littoralis] –🅰 [S]

[=Daucus littoralis var. longiradiatus Post, Fl. Syria: 371 (1896)] –🅰 [S]

Daucus guttatus Sm. in J.Sibthorp & J.E.Smith, Fl. Graec. Prodr. 1: 184 (1806) –🅰

subsp. guttatus [N, M, S]

Daucus pumilus (L.) Hoffmanns. & Link, Fl. Portug. 2: 398 (1834).

[=Pseudorlaya pumila (L.) Grande, Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s., 32: 86 (1925) var. pumila] –🅰 [M, S]

[=Pseudorlaya pumila var. breviaculeata (Boiss.) Zohary, Fl. Palaest. 2: 400 (1972)] –🅰 [M, S]

Daucus sahariensis Murb., Acta Univ. Lund. 33 (12): 89 (1897) –🅰 [S (Mitla Pass)]

Daucus syrticus Murb., Acta Univ. Lund. 33 (12): 87 (1897) –🅰NE [N, M, S]

Deverra tortuosa (Desf.) DC., Prodr. 4: 143 (1830) –🆂 [N, O, M, D, R, S]

Deverra triradiata Hochst. ex Boiss., Fl. Orient. 2: 861 (1872)

subsp. triradiata –🆂 [N, De, S]

Ducrosia ismaelis Asch., Verh. Bot. Vereins. Prov. Brandenburg 21 (1879): 67 (1879 publ. 1880) –🅿

E [O (Kharga)]

Eryngium campestre L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 233 (1753).

var. virens (Link) Weins, Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 19: 50 (1869) –🅿 [M, S]

Eryngium creticum Lam., Encycl. 4: 754 (1798) –🅿 [N, M, S]

Eryngium glomeratum Lam., Encycl. 4: 755 (1798). subsp. glomeratum –🅿 [S]

Ferula marmarica Asch. & Taub., Bull. Herb, Boissier 1:649 (1893) –🅿NE [M, Dw (Mashruka)]

Ferula sinaica Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., sér. 1, 10: 40 (1849) –🅿NE [S (St. Katherine)]

Foeniculum piperitum (Ucria) C.Presl, Fl. Sicul.: 26 (1826).[=Foeniculum vulgare subsp. piperitum (Ucria) Bég., Ann. Mus. Civico Storia Nat. “Giacomo Doria”, ser. 3, 3: 447 (1907)] –🅿 [N, M, S]

Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 1 (1768).

[=subsp. vulgare] –🅿 [N, O, M, De, S]

Helosciadium crassipes W.D.J.Koch ex Rchb., Iconogr. Bot. Pl. Crit. 3: t. 218 (1825)

[=Apium crassipes (W.D.J. Koch ex Rchb.) Rchb.f. in H.G.L.Reichenbach, Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 21: 9 (1863)] –🅿 [M (Alexandria)]

Helosciadium nodiflorum (L.) W.D.J.Koch, Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 12(1): 126 (1824)

[=Apium nodiflorum (L.) Lag., Amen. Nat. Españ. 1 (2): 101 (1821)] –🅿 [O, M]

Leiotulus alexandrinus Ehrenb., Linnaea 4(3): 399 (1829).

[=Malabaila suaveolens Delile ex Coss., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 19: 82 (1872)] –🅿 [M]

Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss, Fl. Transsilv.: 254 (1866). subsp. crispum

[=Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) A.W.Hill, Hand-list Herb. Pl. Kew, ed. 3: 122 (1925)] –🅱 [N, M, S]

Pimpinella cretica Poir. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl., Suppl. 1: 684 (1811)

var. cretica –🅰 [S]

*var. petraea (Nábělek) Zohary, Fl. Palaestina 2: 427 (1972) –🅰 NE [S]

Pimpinella etbaica Schweinf., Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 18: 667 (1868) –🅰 [GE]

Pimpinella schweinfurthii Asch., Verh. Bot. Vereins. Prov. Brandenburg 21 (1879): 67 (1880) –🅰 [N, O (Kharga)]

Pycnocycla tomentosa Decne., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 3: 258 (1835) –🅿 NE [R, S]

Ridolfia segetum (Guss.) Moris, Index Seminum (TO, Taurinensis) 1841: 43 (1841) –🅰 [S]

Scandix pecten-veneris L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 256 (1753). var. pecten-veneris –🅰 [M]

Scandix stellata Banks & Sol. in A.Russell, Nat. Hist. Aleppo, ed. 2, 2: 249 (1794) –🅰 [S]

Stoibrax dichotomum (L.) Raf., Good Book: 52 (1840).

[=Brachyapium dichotomum (L.) Maire, Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 23: 186 (1932)] –🅰 [M (Sidi Barrani)]

Tordylium aegyptiacum (L.) Poir. in B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl. 7: 711 (1806)

var. aegyptiacum –🅰 [M, S (El-Arish)]

Torilis arvensis (Huds.) Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 1: 265 (1821).

subsp. arvensis –🅰 [N, M, S]

subsp. neglecta (Schult.) Thell in G.Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 5: 1055 (1926) –🅰 [N, M]

Torilis leptophylla (L.) Rchb.f. in H.G.L.Reichenbach, Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 21: 83, t.169 (1866).

var. leptophylla –🅰 [S]

Torilis nodosa (L.) Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl. 1: 82 (1788) –🅰 [N, O, M]

Torilis tenella (Delile) Rchb.f. in H.G.L.Reichenbach, Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 21: 84 (1867) –🅰 [N, M, S]

Visnaga daucoides Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl. 1: 92, t. 21 (1788).

[=Ammi visnaga (L.) Lam, Fl. Franç., ed. 1, 3: 462 (1779)] –🅰 [N, M]

Zosima absinthiifolia (Vent.) Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 1: 274 (1821) –🅿 [De, S]

71. CAMPANULACEAE (4 genera, 9 taxa)

Asyneuma rigidum (Willd.) Grossh., Opred. Rast. Kavk.: 426 (1949).subsp. sinai (A.DC.) Damboldt, Boissiera 17: 105 (1970) –🅿 NE [S]

Campanula dimorphantha Schweinf., Beitr. Fl. Aethiop.: 140 (1867) –🅰 [N]

Campanula dulcis Decne., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 2: 258 (1834) –🅿 NE [S]

Campanula erinus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 169 (1753) –🅰 [M, S]

Campanula sulphurea Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., sér. 1, 11: 64 (1849) –🅰 NE [De, S]

Legousia speculum-veneris (L.) Chaix in D.Villars, Hist. Pl. Dauphiné 1: 338 (1786).

[=Legousia speculum-veneris (L.) Chaix, Pl. Vap. 34 (1785)] –🅰 [N (Cairo region)]

Wahlenbergia campanuloides (Delile) Vatke, Linnaea 38: 700 (1874) –🅰 [N]

Wahlenbergia lobelioides (L.f.) Link, Handbuch 1: 632 (1829).

subsp. nutabunda (Guss.) Murb., Acta Univ. Lund. 33(12): 115 (1897) –🅰 [GE]

subsp. riparia (A..) Thulin, Symb. Bot. Upsal. 21 (1): 94 (1975) –🅰 [De (east of Beni Suef)]

72. ASTERACEAE [COMPOSITAE] (104 genera, 295 taxa)

*Acanthospermum hispidum DC., Prodr. 5: 522 (1836) –🅰 [N]

Achillea arabica Kotschy in Sitzungsber. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. 52: 255

(1866).

[=Achillea biebersteinii Afanasiev, Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 19: 361 (1959)] –🅿 [S (Rafah)]

Achillea fragrantissima (Forssk.) Sch.Bip., Flora 38: 13 (1855) –🆂 [N, O (Kharga), M, D, R, S]

Achillea maritima (L.) Ehrend. & Y.P. Guo, Willdenowia 35 (1): 50 (2005)

 subsp. maritima

[=Otanthus maritimus (L.) Hoffmanns. & Link, Fl. Portug. 2: 365 (1834)] –🅿 [M, S]

Achillea tenuifolia Lam., Encycl. 1: 26 (1783).

[=Achillea santolina L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 896 (1753)] –🅿 [N, O, M, D, S]

*Achillea wilhelmsii K.Koch, Linnaea 24: 328 (1851) –🅿 [M, S]

Ageratum conyzoides L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 839 (1753) –🅰 [N, O (Dakhla), M, De, GE]

Ageratum houstonianum Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8: n.° 2 (1768) –🅰 [N]

Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 988 (1753) –🅰 [M]

Ambrosia maritima L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 988 (1753) –🅰/🅿 [N, O, M, De]

Anacyclus monanthos (L.) Thell., Mém. Soc. Sci. Nat. Math. Cherbourg 38: 518 (1912). subsp. monanthos –🅰 [M, Dw]

Anthemis arvensis L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 894 (1753).

subsp. arvensis –🅰 [M, S]

Anthemis bornmuelleri Stoj. & Acht., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 13: 522 (1937).

var. bornmuelleri –🅰 [S]

Anthemis chia L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 894 (1753) –🅰 [M]

Anthemis cotula L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 894 (1753) –🅰 [N, M, De]

Anthemis deserti Boiss., Fl. Orient. 3: 305 (1875).

[=Anthemis melampodina subsp. deserti (Boiss.) Eig, Palestine J. Bot., Jerusalem sér. 1: 177 (1938)] –🅰

[M, De, S]

*Anthemis eliezrae Eig, Palestine J. Bot., Jerusalem Ser. 1: 179, errata (1938) –🅰 NE [S]

*Anthemis fayedina Zareh, Feddes Repert. 120: 16 (2009) –🅰 [M]

Anthemis hebronica Boiss. & Kotschy in P.E.Boissier, Diagn. Pl. Orient, sér. 2, 5: 108 (1856) –🅰 [S (Rafah)]

Anthemis indurata Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 2 (Mém.): 274, t. 47, f. 3 (1813) –🅰 NE [M, S]

*Anthemis leucanthemifolia Boiss. & C.I.Blanche in P.E.Boissier, Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 2, 3: 20 (1856) –🅰

NE [S]

Anthemis melampodina Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 2 (Mém.): 268, t. 45, f. 1 (1813).

subsp. melampodina –🅰 [N, O, M, D, R, S]

Anthemis microsperma Boiss. & Kotschy in P.E.Boissier, Diagn. Pl. Orient, sér. 2, 5: 108 (1856) –🅰

E [M, Dw, S]

Anthemis pseudocotula Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 1, 6: 86 (1846)

subsp. pseudocotula –🅰 [N, O, M, D, S]

*subsp. rotata (Boiss.) Eig, Palestine J. Bot., Jerusalem Ser. 1: 197 (1938) –🅰 [N, M, S]

Anthemis retusa Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 2 (Mém.): 74 (1813) –🅰E [N, O, M, D, R, S]

Anthemis scrobicularis Yavin, Israel J. Bot. 21: 174 (1972).

*subsp. fungosa Yavin, Israel J. Bot. 21: 174 (1972) –🅰 E [S]subsp. scrobicularis –🅰 NE [S]

Anthemis zoharyana Eig. Palestine J. Bot., Jerusalem ser., 1: 178 (1938). [=var. zoharyana] –🅰 [S]

Anvillea garcinii (Burm.f.) DC., Prodr. 5: 487 (1836).

subsp. garcinii –🅿 [De, S]

*subsp. radiata (Coss. & Durieu) Anderb., Nordic J. Bot. 2: 303 (1982) –🅿 [Dw]

Artemisia herba-alba Asso, Syn. Stirp. Aragon.:117 (1779).

[=Seriphidium herba-alba (Asso) Soják, Čas. Nár. Muz., Rada Přír. 152: 22 (1983)] –🆂 [M, D, R, S]

Artemisia inculta Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 2 (Mém.): 264 (1813) –🆂 NE [M, S]

Artemisia judaica L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10. 2: 1208 (1759).

subsp. judaica

[=Artemisia Judaica L., Mant. Alt. 281 (1771)] –🆂 NE [M, D, R, GE, S]

*var. sinaitica Täckh., Publ. Cairo Univ. Herb. 5: 29 (1974) –🆂E [S]

Artemisia monosperma Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 2 (Mém.) 263, t. 43, f. 1(1813) –🆂 [O, M, D, R, S]

Artemisia scoparia Waldst. & Kit., Descr. Icon. Pl. Hung. 1: 66, t. 65 (1802) –🅰/🅿

[M (Alexandria), S (Sadd El- Rawafaa)]

*Artemisia sieberi Besser, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 9: 80 (1836) –🆂 [De, S]

Artemisia verlotiorum Lamotte, Mém. Assoc. Franç. Cong. Clermont- Ferrant: 511 (1876) –🅿 [N]

Artemisia vulgaris L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 848 (1753) –🅿 [N]

Asteriscus aquaticus (L.) Less., Syn. Gen. Compos.: 210 (1832).

[=Nauplius aquaticus (L.) Cass. in G.-F.Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2. 34: 273 (1825)] –🅰 [N]

Asteriscus graveolens (Forssk.) Less., Syn. Gen. Compos.: 210 (1832).

[=Nauplius graveolens (Forssk.) Wiklund, in some genera in Inula-group (Asterac.-Inuleae): 80 (1986)] –🆂

[O (Uweinat), M, De, R, S]

Atractylis aristata Batt., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 49: 291 (1903) –🅰/🅿 [S]

Atractylis boulosii Täckh., Publ. Cairo Univ. Herb. 5: 25, f. 5b (1974) –🅰NE [S]

Atractylis cancellata L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 830 (1753) –🅰 [M, S]

Atractylis carduus (Forssk.) C. Chr., Dansk Bot. Ark. 4(3): 27 (1922).

var. angustifolia Täckh. & Boulos, Publ. Cairo Univ. Herb. 5: 24, f. 46 (1974) –🅿 [M, D, S]

var. carduus –🅿 [M, D, GE, S]

var. glabrescens (Boiss.) Täckh. & Boulos, Publ. Cairo Univ. Herb. 5: 24 (1974) –🅿NE [M, De, S]

var. latifolia Täckh. & Boulos, Publ. Cairo Univ. Herb. 5: 24, f. 4a (1974) –🅿 [M, Dw]

var. marmarica Täckh. & Boulos, Publ. Cairo Univ. Herb. 5: 24, f. 5a (1974) –🅿 E [M, Dw]

*Atractylis humilis L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 829 (1753) –🅰 [M]

Atractylis mernephthae Asch., Letourn. & Schweinf., Ill. Fl. Égypte 2: 94 (1887) –🅰NE [De, S]

*Atractylis phaeolepis Pomel, Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl.: 273 (1875) –🅿 [S]

Atractylis prolifera Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 1, 10: 96 (1849) –🅰 [M, S]

*Atractylis serrata Pomel, Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl.: 20 (1874) –🅿 [M]

Atractylis serratuloides Sieber ex Cass. in G.-F.Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2. 50: 56 (1827) –🅿 NE [De, S]

Bidens bipinnata L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 832 (1753) –🅰 [GE]

Bidens pilosa L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 832 (1753) –🅰 [N, M, De, S]

Bidens schimperi Sch. Bip. ex Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 6: 168 (1846) –🅰 [GE]

Blainvillea acmella (L.) Philipson, Blumea 6 (2): 350 (1950) –🅰 [GE]

Blumea bovei (DC.) Vatke, Linnaea 39: 485 (1875).

[=Doellia bovei (DC.) Anderb., Willdenowia 25(1): 21 (1995)] –🅿 [O, De, S]

Brocchia cinerea (Delile) Vis. in G.F.Spongia, Comment. Med. 2: 219 (1836).

[=Cotula cinerea Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 2 (Mém.) 275, t. 47, f. 4 (1813)] –🅰 [M, D, R, S]

Calendula arvensis L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2: 1303 (1763) –🅰 [N, O, M, D, R, GE, S]

Calendula tripterocarpa Rupr., Bull. Cl. Phys.-Math. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 14: 231 (1856) –🅰

[De, S]

*Carduus acanthoides L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 821 (1753) –🅱 [M]

Carduus argentatus L., Mant. Pl. 2: 280 (1771) –🅰 [De, S]

Carduus getulus Pomel, Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 2: 275 (1875) –🅰 [N, M, S]

Carduus pycnocephalus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2: 1151 (1763).

*subsp. albidus (M.Bieb.) Kazmi, Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 5: 446 (1964) –🅰 [M]

subsp. arabicus (Jacq. ex Murray) Nyman, Consp. Fl. Eur.: 414 (1879) –🅰 [N, M, De, S]

*subsp. breviphyllarius P.H.Davis, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 33: 412 (1975) –🅰 [M, De, S]

*subsp. cinereus (M.Bieb.) P.H.Davis, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 33: 429 (1975) –🅰 [M, S]

subsp. pycnocephalus –🅰 [N, M, De, S]

*Carduus tenuiflorus Curtis, Fl. Londin. 6: t. 55 (1789) –🅰 [N]

*Carlina curetum Heldr. in P.E.Boissier, Fl. Orient. 3: 449 (1875).

subsp. orientalis Meusel & A.Kástner, Feddes Repert. 88: 406 (1977) –🅿NE [?]

Carlina involucrata Poir., Voy. Barbarie 2: 234 (1789) –🅿 [M]

*Carlina libanotica Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. 10: 95 (1849) –🅱 [S]

*Carlina sicula Ten., Cat. Hort. Neapol. 1813, App.(ed. alt.): 74 (1819) subsp. mareotica (Asch. & Schweinf.) Greuter, Willdenowia 33: 52 (2003) –🅿 [M]

Carthamus eriocephalus (Boiss.) Greuter, Willdenowia 33 (1): 53 (2003).

[=Carduncellus eriocephalus Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., sér. 1, 10: 100 (1849)] –🅿 [M, Dw, S]

Carthamus glaucus M.Bieb., Tabl. Prov. Mer Casp.:118 (1798)

subsp. glaucus

subsp. alexandrinus (Boiss. & Heldr.) Hanelt, Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 67:

113 (1963)] –🅰NE [N, M, Dw, S]

Carthamus nitidus Boiss., Fl. Orient. 3: 708 (1875) –🅰 [GE]

Carthamus tenuis (Boiss. & C.I.Blanche) Bornm., Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 48: 605 (1898).

subsp. foliosus Hanelt, Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 67: 122 (1963) –🅰 NE [N, O, M, Dw, S]

Centaurea aegyptiaca L., Mant. Pl. 1: 118 (1767) –🅱/🅿 [N, M, De, R, GE, S]

Centaurea alexandrina Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 2 (Mém.): 280 (1813) –🅱 [M, S]

Centaurea ammocyanus Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., sér. 1, 10: 109 (1849) –🅰 [S]

Centaurea benedicta (L.) L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2: 1296 (1763).

[=Cnicus benedictus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 826 (1753)] –🅰 [S]

Centaurea bimorpha Viv., Fl. Libyc. Spec.: 58, t. 24, f. 3 (1824) –🅿 [M]

Centaurea calcitrapa L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 917 (1753).

subsp. calcitrapa –🅰/🅱 [N, O, M, Dw]

Centaurea eryngioides Lam., Encycl. 1: 675 (1785) –🅿 [De, S]

Centaurea furfuracea Coss. & Durieu, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 4: 363 (1857) –🅰 [M, Dw]

Centaurea glomerata Vahl, Symb. Bot. 2: 94 (1791) –🅰 NE [N, M, S]

*Centaurea lanulata Eig, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 63(1): 47 (1931) –🅱 NE [S]

Centaurea melitensis L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 917 (1753) –🅰 [M]

Centaurea pallescens Delile, Descr. Egypte. Hist. Nat. 2 (Mém.) 278, t. 49, f. 1 (1813).

subsp. pallescens –🅿 [N, M, D, R, S]

Centaurea postii Boiss., Fl. Orient. 3: 688 (1875) –🅿 NE [S]

Centaurea procurrens Sieber ex Spreng., Syst. Veg. ed. 16, 3: 407 (1826) –🅰/🅱 NE [M, S]

Centaurea scoparia Sieber ex Spreng., Syst. Veg. ed.16, 3: 402 (1826) –🆂 NE [De, R, S]

Centaurea sinaica DC., Prodr. 6: 592 (1838) –🅰 [S]

Centaurea solstitialis L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 917 (1753).

subsp. solstitialis –🅰 [M, S]

Ceruana pratensis Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 74 (1775) –🅰 [N, M]

Chiliadenus candicans (Delile) Brullo, Webbia 34 (1): 301 (1979) –🆂 [M, D, S]

Chiliadenus iphionoides (Boiss. & C.I.Blanche) Brullo, Webbia 34(1): 301 (1979) –🆂 [S (Mitla Pass)]

Chiliadenus montanus (Vahl) Brullo, Webbia 34 (1): 301 (1979) –🆂 [M, De, R, S]

*Chiliadenus sericeus (Batt. & Trab.) Brullo, Webbia 34: 303 (1979) –🆂 [M]

Chlamydophora tridentata (Delile) Ehrenb. ex Less., Syn. Gen. Compos.: 266 (1832) –🅰 [M]

*Cichorium endivia L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 813 (1753) –🅰 [N, O, M, De, S]

*Cichorium intybus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 813 (1753).

subsp. intybus –🅰 [N, M, S]

Cichorium pumilum Jacq., Observ. Bot. 4: 3 (1771).

[=Cichorium endivia subsp. divaricatum (Schousb.) P.D.Sell, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 71: 240 (1976)] –🅰 [N, O, M]

*Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop., Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 2: 126 (1771).

subsp. arvense –🅿 [S]

Cladanthus mixtus (L.) Chevall., Fl. Gén. Env. Paris, ed. 2, 2: 576 (1836).

[=Chamaemelum mixtum (L.) All., Fl. Pedem. 1: 185 (1785)] –🅰 [M, S]

Cotula anthemoides L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 891 (1753) –🅰 [N, O, M, De, S]

Crepis aculeata (DC.) Boiss., Fl. Orient. 3: 856 (1875) –🅰 NE [S (Rafah)]

Crepis aspera L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2: 1133 (1763). var. aspera–🅰 [M, De, S]

*var. inermis (Cass.) Boiss., Fl. Orient 3: 875(1875) –🅰 [S]

Crepis clausonis (Pomel) Batt. & Trab., Fl. Algérie, Dicot.: 564 (1889) –🅿 [M]

*Crepis leontodontoides All., Auct. Fl. Pedem.: 13 (1789) –🅿 [?]

Crepis libyca (Pamp.) Babc., Bull. Minist. Agric. Egypt, Techn. Sci. Serv. 197: 3 (1938) –🅿 NE [M]

Crepis micrantha Czerep. in V.L.Komarov (ed.), Fl. URSS 29: 684 (1964) –🅰 [N, O, M, S]

Crepis nigricans Viv., Fl. Libyc. Spec.: 51, t. 10, f. 3 (1824) –🅰NE [N (Abu Rawwash)]

Crepis sancta (L.) Bornm., Mitth. Thüring. Bot. Vereins, n.f., 30: 79 (1913). subsp. sancta –🅰 [De, S]

 *subsp. obovate (Boiss. & Noë) Babc., Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 22: 741 (1947) –🅰 [M, S]

Crepis senecioides Delile, Descr. Egypte. Hist. Nat. 2 (Mém.): 262 (1813) –🅰 NE [N, M, D, S]

Crocodilium creticum (Boiss. & Heldr.) N.Garcia & Susanna, Pl. Syst. Evol. 234: 25 (2002).

[=Centaurea aegialophila Wagenitz, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 33(2): 230 (1974)] –🅿 [M]

Crocodilium pumilio (L.) N.Garcia & Susanna, Pl. Syst. Evol. 234: 25 (2002).

[=Centaurea pumilio L., Cent. Pl. 1: 30 (1755)] –🅿 [M]

Crupina crupinastrum (Moris) Vis., Fl. Dalmat. 2: 42, t. 51, f. 3 (1847) –🅰 [M]

Cynara cornigera Lindl. in J.Sibthorp & J.E.Smith, Fl. Graec. 10 (2): 74 (1840) –🅿 [M]

Dicoma schimperi (DC.) Baill. ex Hoffm. in H.G.A.Engler & K.A.E.Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4 (5): 339 (1893) –🅿 [De, GE, S]

Dicoma tomentosa Cass., Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris 1818: 47 (1818) –🅰 [GE]

Dittrichia graveolens (L.) Greuter, Exsicc. Genav. Conserv. Bot. Distrib. Fasc. 4: 71 (1973) –🅰 [M]

Dittrichia viscosa (L.) Greuter, Exsicc. Genav. Conserv. Bot. Distrib. Fasc. 4: 71 (1973)

*subsp. angustifolia –🅿 [N, M, S]

*subsp. viscosa –🅿 [N, M]

Echinops galalensis Schweinf., Mém. Inst. Égypt. 2: 763 (1889) –🅿 NE [M, De, R, S]

Echinops glaberrimus DC., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 2: 260 (1834) –🅿 NE [N, M, D, R, S]

Echinops hussonii Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., sér. 1, 10: 86 (1849) –🅿 NE [M, De, R, GE, S]

Echinops macrochaetus Fresen., Mus. Senckenberg. 3: 69 (1839) –🅿 [S]

*Echinops polyceras Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. 10: 85 (1849) –🅿 [S]

Echinops spinosissimus Turra, Farsetia: 13 (1765).

subsp. spinosissimus[=Echinops spinosus L., Mant. Pl. 1: 119 (1767)] –🅿 [N, M, D, R, GE, S]

Echinops taeckholmianus Amin, Candollea 42(1): 411 (1987) –🅿 E [N (northwest Delta), M]

Eclipta prostrata (L.) L., Mant. Pl.: 286 (1771) –🅰 [N, O, M, De]

Erigeron bonariensis L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 863 (1753).

[=Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 70: 632 (1943)] –🅰 [N, O, M, De, S]

Erigeron canadensis L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 863 (1753).

[=Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronquist, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 70: 632 (1943)] –🅰 [S]

Erigeron floribundus (Kunth) Sch.Bip., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 12: 81 (1865).

[=Conyza albida Willd. ex Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 3: 514 (1826)] –🅰 [S]

*Erigeron sumatrensis Retz., Observ. Bot. 5: 28 (1788) –🅰 [N, S]

Eschenbachia stricta (Willd.) Raizada, Indian Forester 85: 679 (1959).

[=Conyza stricta Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4, 3: 1922 (1803)]

*var. pinnatifida Abid & Qaiser, Fl. Pakistan 224: 32 (2021) –🅰 [GE]

*var. stricta –🅰 [S]

Ethulia conyzoides L.f., Dec. Prima Pl. Horti Upsal.: 1, t. 1 (1762).subsp. conyzoides –🅰 [N, M, De]

Felicia dentata (A.Rich.) Dandy in F.W.Andrews, Fl. Pl. Sudan 3: 29 (1956). subsp. dentata –🆂/🅿 [GE]

Filago contracta (Boiss.) Chrtek & Holub, Preslia 35: 3 (1963) –🅰 [M, De, S]

Filago desertorum Pomel, Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 1: 46 (1874) –🅰 [N, M, D, R, S]

*Filago griffithii (A.Gray) Andrés-Sánchez & Galbany, Taxon 59: 1689 (2010) –🅰 [S]

Filago mareotica Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat.: 274, t. 47, f. 2 (1813) –🅰 [M]

Filago prolifera Pomel, Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 1: 47 (1874) –🅰 [GE]

*Filago pyramidata L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 1199 (1753) –🅰 [M, D, S]

Flaveria bidentis (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3 (3): 148 (1898) –🅰 [O, M, S]

Galinsoga parviflora Cav., Icon. 3 (2): 41, t. 281 (1795) –🅰 [N, S]

Garhadiolus hedypnois Jaub. & Spach, Ill. Pl. Orient. 3 (29): 119 (1850).

[=Garhadiolus angulosus Jaub. & Spach, Ill. Pl. Orient. 3 (29): 122, t. 285 (1850)] –🅰 [M]

Geigeria alata (Hochst. & Steud.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Oliv. & Hiern, Fl. Trop. Afr. 3: 368 (1877) –🅰 [GE]

Gelasia psychrophila (Boiss. & Hausskn.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, PhytoKeys 137: 58 (2020).

[=Scorzonera judaica Eig, Pl. Palest., Analytical Key: 399 (1931)] –🅿 [S]

Geropogon hybridus (L.) Sch.Bip. in P.B.Webb & S.Berthelot, Hist. Nat. Iles Canaries 3(2; 3): 472 (1850) –🅰

[N, O, M, De, S]

Glebionis coronaria (L.) Cass. ex Spach, Hist. Nat. Vég. 10: 181 (1841).

[=Glebionis coronaria (L.) Tzvelev, Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 84 (7): 117 (1999)] –🅰 [N, M, S]

Gnaphalium uliginosum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 856 (1753) –🅰 [N (Luxor, Aswan)]

Gnaphalium polycaulon Pers., Syn. Pl. 2: 421 (1807) –🅰 [N, M, De]

Gnomophalium pulvinatum (Delile) Greuter, Willdenowia 33(2): 242 (2003).

[=Homognaphalium crispatulum (Delile) Kirp., Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., ser. 1. Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast 9: 32 (1950)] –🅰 [N]

[=Homognaphalium pulvinatum (Delile) Fayed & Zareh, Willdenowia 18 (2): 451(1989)] –🅰 [N, O, De, S]

Grangea maderaspatana (L.) Poir. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl., Suppl. 2: 825 (1812) –🅰 [N, O, M, De]

Gundelia tournefortii L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 814 (1753) –🅿 [S (El-Arish to Rafah]

Gymnarrhena micrantha Desf., Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 4: 2, t. 1 (1818) –🅰 [M, De, S]

Hedypnois rhagadioloides (L.) F.W.Schmidt, Samml. Phys. Aufsätze Böhm. Naturgesch. 1: 279 (1795) –🅰

[M, D, S]

*Helenium amarum (Raf.) H.Rock, Rhodora 59: 131 (1957).

var. amarum –🅰 [S]

Helichrysum glumaceum DC., Prodr. 6: 197 (1838) –🆂 [GE]

Helichrysum orientale (L.) Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: 404 (1791) –🆂 [M (Ras El-Hekma)]

Helichrysum stoechas (L.) Moench, Methodus: 575 (1794).subsp. barrelieri (Ten.) Nyman, Consp. Fl. Eur.: 381 (1879).

[=Helichrysum conglobatum (Viv.) Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 738 (1840)] –🅿 [M]

Helminthotheca echioides (L.) Holub, Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 8 (2): 176 (1973) –🅰 [N]

Heteroderis pusilla (Boiss.) Boiss., Fl. Orient. 3: 794 (1875).

[=Heteroderis pusilla var. leucocephala (Bunge) Rech.f., Fl. Iranica 122: 291 (1977)] –🅰

[De (North and South Galala)]

Hyoseris lucida L., Mant. Pl. 1:103 (1767). subsp. lucida

[=Hyoseris radiata subsp. graeca Halácsy, Consp. Fl. Graec. 2: 179 (1902)] –🅿 [M]

Hyoseris scabra L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 809 (1753) –🅰 [M]

Ifloga spicata (Forssk.) Sch.Bip. in P.B.Webb & S.Berthelot, Hist. Nat. Iles Canaries 3(2; 2): 310 (1845).

subsp. albescens Chrtek, Preslia 41: 243 (1969) –🅰 NE [De, R, GE, S]

subsp. elbaensis Chrtek, Preslia 41: 243 (1969) –🅰E [R, GE]

subsp. hadidii(Fayed & Zareh) Greuter, Willdenowia 36: 711 (2006).

[=Ifloga labillardierei subsp. hadidii Fayed & Zareh, Willdenowia 17: 122 (1988)] –🅰 E [M, De, S]

subsp. labillardierei(Pamp.) Chrtek, Preslia 41: 242 (1969).

[=Ifloga labillardierei (Pamp.) Fayed & Zareh, Willdenowia 17: 122 (1988)] –🅰 [M, D, S]

subsp. spicata –🅰 [N, M, D, R, GE, S]

Iphiona mucronata (Forssk.) Asch. & Schweinf., Mém. Inst. Égypt. 2: 86 (1887) –🆂NE [M, De, R, S]

Iphiona scabra DC. ex Decne., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot, sér. 2, 2: 263 (1834) –🆂 [N, De, R, GE, S]

Koelpinia linearis Pall., Reise Russ. Reich. 3 (2, App.): 755 (1776) –🅰 [M, De, S]

Lactuca orientalis (Boiss.) Boiss., Fl. Orient. 3: 819 (1875).

subsp. orientalis

[=Scariola orientalis (Boiss.) Soják, Novit. Bot. Delect. Seminum Horti Bot. Univ. Carol. Prag. 1962: 46 (1962)] –🆂 [M, De, GE, S]

Lactuca saligna L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 796 (1753) –🅰/🅱 [N, M, De, S]

Lactuca serriola L., Cent. Pl. 2: 29 (1756) –🅰/🅱 [N, O, M, S]

Lactuca undulata Ledeb., Fl. Altaic. 4: 156 (1833) –🅰 [S]

Lasiopogon muscoides (Desf.) DC., Prodr. 6: 246 (1838) –🅰 [M, D, S]

Lasiospermum brachyglossum DC., Prodr. 6: 38 (1838) –🅰 [S]

*Launaea acanthodes (Boiss.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 351 (1891) –🅿 [S]

Launaea amal-aminiae N.Kilian, Englera 17: 346 (1997) –🅿 [De, S]

Launaea angustifolia (Desf.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 351 (1891).

[=Launaea angustifolia subsp. arabica (Boiss.) N.Kilian, Willdenowia 25: 274 (1995)] –🅰 [O, M, De, R, S]

Launaea capitata (Spreng.) Dandy in F.W.Andrews, Fl. Pl. Sudan 3: 40 (1956) –🅰 [N, O, M, D, R, GE, S]

Launaea fragilis (Asso) Pau, Bol. Soc. Aragonesa Ci. Nat. 16: 68 (1917).

subsp. fragilis –🅿 [M, D, S]

*subsp. tenuiloba (Boiss.) Zareh & M.H.Mohamed, Feddes Repert. 127: 18 (2016) –🅰/🅱 [N, M, R, S]

*Launaea intybacea (Jacq.) Beauverd, Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève, sér. 2, 2: 114 (1910) –🅰 [R, GE]

Launaea massauensis (Fresen.) Sch.Bip. ex Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 351(1891) –🅰 [De, R, GE]

Launaea mucronata (Forssk.) Muschl., Man. Fl. Egypt 2: 1057 (1912).

subsp. cassiniana (Jaub. & Spach) N.Kilian, Willdenowia 25: 277 (1995) –🅿 [N, O, M, D, R, GE, S]

subsp. mucronata –🅿 [N, O, M, D, R, GE, S]

Launaea nudicaulis (L.) Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 3: 416 (1881)

var. nudicaulis –🅿 [N, O, M, D, R, GE, S]

Launaea procumbens (Roxb.) Ramayya & Rajagopal, Kew Bull. 23 (3): 465 (1969) –🅰 [De, S]

Launaea spinosa (Forssk.) Sch.Bip. ex Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 350 (1891) –🆂 [M, De, R, S]

Leontodon tuberosus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 799 (1753) –🅿 [M]

Leysera leyseroides (Desf.) Maire, Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 20: 186 (1929) –🅰 [De, GE, S]

Limbarda crithmoides (L.) Dumort., Fl. Belg.: 68 (1827) –🆂 [N, O, M, D]

*Mantisalca duriaei (Spach) Briq. & Cavill., Arch. Sci. Phys. Nat., sér. 5, 12: 112 (1930) –🅰 [M]

Mantisalca salmantica (L.) Briq. & Cavill., Arch. Sci. Phys. Nat., sér. 5, 12: 111 (1930) –🅰 [M]

Matricaria aurea (Loefl.) Sch.Bip., Bonplandia (Hannover) 8: 369 (1860) –🅰 [N, M, De, S]

Matricaria chamomilla L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 891 (1753).

[=Matricaria recutita var. coronata (Boiss.) Fertig, Fl. Palaestina 3: 344 (1978)] –🅰 [N, M, De, S]

[=Matricaria recutita L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 891 (1753) var. recutita] –🅰 [N, M, S]

Nidorella aegyptiaca (L.) J.C.Manning & Goldblatt, Strelitzia 29: 794 (2012).

[=Conyza aegyptiaca (L.) Aiton, Hort. Kew., ed. 1, 3: 183 (1789)] –🅰 [N, O]

Notobasis syriaca (L.) Cass., in G.-F.Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2. 25: 225 (1822).

[=Notobasis syriaca (L.) Cass., Dict. Sci. Nat. 35: 171 (1825)] –🅰 [N, M, De]

Onopordum alexandrinum Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient, sér. 1. 10: 93 (1849) –🅱/🅿 NE [M, S]

Onopordum ambiguum Fresen., Mus. Senckenberg. 1: 85 (1833) –🅱/🅿 [De, S]

*Onopordum arenarium (Desf.) Pomel, Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl.: 20 (1874) –🅱/🅿 [M]

Orbivestus cinerascens (Sch.Bip.) H. Rob., Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 112: 231 (1999).

[=Vernonia cinerascens Sch.Bip. in Schweinf., Beitr. Fl. Aethiop.: 162 (1867)] –🆂 [GE]

Osteospermum vaillantii (Decne.) Norl., Stud. Calenduleae 1: 305 (1943) –🅿 [M, De, GE, S]

Pallenis hierichuntica (Michon) Greuter, Fl. Medit. 7: 47 (1997).

[=Asteriscus hierichunticus (Michon) Wiklund, Nord. J. Bot. 5: 307 (1985)] –🅰 [M, De, S]

Pallenis spinosa (L.) Cass. in G.-F.Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2. 37: 276 (1825).

[=Asteriscus spinosus (L.) Sch.Bip. in P.B.Webb & S.Berthelot, Hist. Nat. Iles Canaries 3(2; 2): 230 (1844)].

*subsp. asteroidea (Viv.) Greuter, Fl. Medit. 7: 47 (1997) –🅰/🅿 [M]

 subsp. spinosa –🅰/🅿 [M, De, R, S]

Pegolettia senegalensis Cass., G.-F.Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2. 38: 232 (1825) –🅰 [De, R, GE]

Phagnalon barbeyanum Asch. & Schweinf., Mém. Inst. Égypt. 2: 87 (1887) –🅿 NE [M, De, S]

Phagnalon nitidum Fresen., Mus. Senckenberg. 1: 81, t. 4, f. 2 (1833) –🅿 NE [De, S]

Phagnalon rupestre (L.) DC., Prodr. 5: 396 (1836).

subsp. rupestre –🅿 [M, D, S]

Phagnalon schweinfurthii Sch.Bip. ex Schweinf., Verh. K. K. Zool. -Bot. Ges. Wien 18: 685 (1868) –🅿 [GE]

Phagnalon sinaicum Bornm. & Kneuck., Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 12: 69 (1906) –🆂NE [S]

Phonus lanatus (L.) Hill, Hort. Kew.: 56 (1768).

[=Carthamus lanatus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 830 (1753)] –🅰/🅱 [N, M]

Phonus mareoticus (Delile) G.López, Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 47: 27 (1990).

[=Carduncellus mareoticus (Delile) Hanelt, Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 67: 170(1963)]

[=Carthamus mareoticus Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 2 (Mém.): 276 (1813)] –🆂NE [M, Dw]

Picris asplenioides L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 793 (1753).

subsp. asplenioides –🅰 [N, M, D, S]

Picris cyanocarpa Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 1, 11:37 (1849) –🅰 [M, S]

Picris longirostris Sch.Bip., Mus. Senkenberg. 3(1): 60 (1839) –🅰 [S]

Picris rhagadioloides (L.) Desf., Tabl. École Bot.: 89 (1804).

[=Picris altissima Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 2(Mém.): 260, t. 41. f. 2 (1813)] –🅰 [N, M, De, S]

Picris sulphurea Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 2(Mém.): 258, t. 40, f. 2 (1813) –🅰NE [N, O, D, S]

Pluchea dioscoridis (L.) DC., Prodr. 5: 450 (1836) –🆂 [N, O, M, D, S]

Pseudoconyza viscosa (Mill) D’Arcy, Phytologia 25: 281 (1973) –🅰 [N (Aswan, Nubia)]

Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum (L.) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 82 (3): 206 (1981) –🅰

[N, O, M, De, R, S]

*Pseudopodospermum molle (M.Bieb.) Kuth. in Kavkaz. Predstav. Podtriby Scorzonerinae Dum. (Compos.): 85 (1978).

subsp. molle –🅿 [S]

Pseudopodospermum semicanum (DC.) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, PhytoKeys 137: 69 (2020).

[=Scorzonera mollis M.Bieb., Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 3: 522 (1819) var. longifolia Boiss., Fl. Orient. 3: 762 (1875)] –🅿 [S]

Pseudopodospermum undulatum (Vahl) Zaika, Sukhor. & N.Kilian, PhytoKeys 137: 70 (2020).

subsp. undulatum

[=Scorzonera undulata Vahl, Symb. Bot. 2: 86 (1791)] –🅿 [M, D]

Pulicaria arabica (L.) Cass., in G.-F.Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat., ed. 2. 44: 94 (1826) –🅰/🅿 [N, O, M, De, R, S]

[=Pulicaria inuloides (Poir.) DC., Prodr. 5: 480 (1836)] –🅿 [N, O, De, S]

*Pulicaria dysenterica (L.) Bernh., Syst. Verz. Erf.: 153 (1800).

subsp. dysenterica –🅰 [N]

Pulicaria incisa (Lam.) DC., Prodr. 5: 479 (1836).

[=subsp. candolleana E.Gamal-Eldin, Phanerog. Monogr. 14: 166 (1981)] –🅰/🅿 [De, R, S]

[=subsp. incisa] –🅰/🅿 [De, R, GE, S]

*Pulicaria odora (L.) Rchb., Fl. Germ. Excurs. 1: 239 (1831) –🅰/🅿 [N]

Pulicaria petiolaris Jaub. & Spach, Ill. Pl. Orient. 4 (35): 69, t. 344 (1852) –🅿 [GE]

Pulicaria sicula (L.) Moris, Fl. Sardoa 2: 363 (1843) –🅰 [N]

Pulicaria undulata (L.) C.A.Mey., Verz. Pfl. Casp. Meer.: 79 (1831).

subsp. undulata –🆂 [N, O, M, D, R, GE, S]

Pulicaria vulgaris Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: 461, t. 173, f. 7 (1791).

subsp. vulgaris –🅰 [N, O]

Reichardia picroides (L.) Roth, Bot. Abh. Beobacht.: 35 (1787) –🅿 [M, ?S]

Reichardia tingitana (L.) Roth, Bot. Abh. Beobacht.: 35 (1787) –🅰 [N, O, M, D, R, GE, S]

Rhagadiolus stellatus (L.) Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: 354, t. 157, f. 2 (1791) –🅰 [M]

Scolymus hispanicus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 813 (1753).

subsp. hispanicus –🅰 [O, M]

Scolymus maculatus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 813 (1753) –🅰 [N, O]

Scorzonera drarii V.Täckh., Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 26: 375 (1932) –🅿E [S (Ain el-Gedirat]

Scorzonera schweinfurthii Boiss., Fl. Orient. Suppl.: 320 (1888) –🅿 [De (Galala), S]

Scorzoneroides hispidula (Delile) Greuter & Talavera, Willdenowia 36 (2): 691 (2006).

[=Leontodon hispidulus (Delile) Boiss., Fl. Orient. 3: 727 (1875)] –🅰 [N, M, D, S]

Scorzoneroides laciniata (Bertol.) Greuter, Willdenowia 36 (2): 691 (2006).

[=Leontodon laciniatus (Bertol.) Widder ex Bornm., Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 60B: 217 (1939)] –🅰 [D, S]

Scorzoneroides simplex (Viv.) Greuter & Talavera, Willdenowia 36 (2): 691 (2006).

[=Leontodon simplex (Viv.) Widder, Phyton (Horn) 12: 209 (1967)] –🅰 [M]

Senecio aegyptius L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 867 (1753).

[=var. aegyptius] –🅰 [N, O, De]

[=var. discoideus Boiss., Fl. Orient. 3: 388 (1875)] –🅰 [N, O, M, De]

Senecio belbeysius Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 2 (Mém.): 270, t. 45, f. 3 (1813) –🅰 E [N]

Senecio flavus (Decne.) Sch.Bip. in P.B.Webb & S.Berthelot, Hist. Nat. Iles Canaries 3 (2; 2): 319 (1845) –🅰

[N, De, R, GE, S]

Senecio glaucus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 868 (1753).

subsp. coronopifolius(Maire) C.Alexander, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 37: 412 (1979) –🅰

[N, O, M, D, R, S]

subsp. glaucus –🅰 NE [M, D, S]

Senecio hoggariensis Batt. & Trab., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 58: 626, 671 (1912) –🅰 [De, GE, S]

*Senecio vernalis Waldst. & Kit., Descr. Icon. Pl. Hung. 1: 23 (1800) –🅰 [De]

Senecio vulgaris L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 867 (1753).

subsp. vulgaris –🅰 [N, O, M, De]

Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: 378 (1791).

 var. albiflorum Eig., Bull. Inst. Agric. Nat. Hist. Tel-Aviv 6: 44 (1927) –🅱 [N, O, M, S]

var.marianum –🅱 [N, O, M, S]

Sonchus asper (L.) Hill, Herb. Brit. 1: 47 (1769).

subsp. asper –🅰 [N, O, M, S]

subsp. glaucescens (Jord.) Ball, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16: 548 (1878) –🅱 [N, O]

Sonchus bulbosus (L.) N.Kilian & Greuter, Willdenowia 33 (2): 237 (2003).

 subsp. bulbosus –🅿 [M]

Sonchus macrocarpus Boulos & C.Jeffrey, Taxon 18: 349 (1969) –🅰/🅿

E [N (Delta), M (Alexandria), De (along canals east of the Nile Delta)]

Sonchus maritimus L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: 1192 (1759). [N, O, M, De]

 subsp. maritimus –🅿

Sonchus oleraceus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 794 (1753) –🅰 [N, O, M, D, R, GE, S]

Sonchus tenerrimus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 794 (1753).

 subsp. tenerrimus –🅰/🅱/🅿 [O (Siwa), M]

Sphaeranthus suaveolens (Forssk.) DC., Prodr. 5: 370 (1836).

var. suaveolens –🅿 [N, M, De (Suez)]

var. abyssinicus (Steetz) Ross-Craig, Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 35: 44 (1954) –🅿 [N]

Symphyotrichum squamatum (Spreng.) G.L.Nesom, Phytologia 77(3): 292 (1995) –🅰/🅱 [N, O, M, D, S]

Tagetes minuta L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 887 (1753) –🅰 [N (Khanka, Belbeis)]

Tanacetum sinaicum (Fresen.) Delile ex K. Bremer & Humphries, Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. (London), Bot. 23 (2):

103 (1993) –🆂 NE [S]

Taraxacum minimum (V.Brig.) N.Terracc., Atti Real Ist. Incoragg. Sci. Nap. Napoli, ser. 2, 6: 352 (1859) –🅿

[M (Burg El-Arab)]

Taraxacum turcicum Soest, Acta Bot. Neerl. 17: 495 (1968) –🅿 [N (Zohriya Garden, Cairo)]

*Tragopogon coelesyriacus Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. 11: 47 (1849) –🅱 [S]

Tragopogon collinus DC., Prodr. 7 (1): 115 (1838) –🅱/🅿 [S]

Tragopogon porrifolius L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 789 (1753). subsp. porrifolius

[=Tragopogon sinuatus Avé-Lall, Pl. Ital. Bor.: 17 (1829)] –🅱/🅿 [S]

Tripleurospermum auriculatum (Boiss.) Rech.f., Fl. Lowland Iraq: 629 (1964) –🅰 [De, S]

Urospermum picroides (L.) Scop. ex F.W.Schmidt, Samml. Phys. Aufsätze Böhm. Naturgesch.1: 275 (1795) –🅰

[N, O, M, De, GE, S]

Verbesina encelioides (Cav.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex A.Gray in S.Watson & al., Bot. California 1: 350 (1876) –🅰

[N (Aswan), O (Kharga), S (El-Arish)]

Volutaria crupinoides (Desf.) Maire in É.Jahand. & al., Cat. Pl. Maroc 3: 818 (1934) –🅰 [M, De, S]

Volutaria lippii (L.) Cass., Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris 1816: 200 (1816).

subsp. lippii

[=Volutaria lippii (L.) Cass. Ex Maire in Jahand. & Maire, Cat. Pl. Maroc 3: 817 (1934)] –🅰 [M, D, R, S]

Volutaria sinaica (DC.) Wagentiz, Candollea 46 (2): 409 (1991) –🅰 [De, R, GE, S]

Volutaria tubuliflora (Murb.) Sennen, Campagn. Bot.: 147 (1936) –🅰 [M]

Xanthium chinense Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8.: n.° 4 (1768).

[=*Xanthium pungens Wallr., Beitr. Bot. 1: 231 (1842) –🅰 [N, O, M]

*Xanthium orientale L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2.: 1400 (1763) –🅰 [M, S]

Xanthium spinosum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 987 (1753).

subsp. spinosum –🅰 [N, M, De, S]

Xanthium strumarium L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 987 (1753) –🅰 [N, O, M, S]

Zoegea purpurea Fresen., Mus. Senckenberg. 1: 86, t. 5 (1833) –🅰 [De, S]

73. CAPRIFOLIACEAE [VALERIANACEAE, DIPSACACEAE] (6 genera,15 taxa)

Cephalaria syriaca (L.) Schrad. ex. Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 [bis]. 3: 45 (1818).

var. syriaca

[=Cephalaria syriaca (L.) Schrad., Index Seminum (GOET, Gottingensis) 1814: 2 (1814)] –🅰 [N, M, De, S]

Lomelosia aucheri (Boiss.) Greuter & Burdet, Willdenowia 15 (1): 73 (1985).

[=Scabiosa aucheri Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 1, 2: 111 (1843)] –🅰 [S]

Lomelosia olivieri (Coult.) Greuter & Burdet, Willdenowia 15(1): 75 (1985).

[=Scabiosa olivieri Coult., Mém. Dipsac. 36 (1823)] –🅰 [S]

Lomelosia palaestina (L.) Raf., Fl. Tellur. 4: 95 (1838).

[=Scabiosa palaestina L., Mant. Pl.: 37 (1767)] –🅰 [De, S]

Lomelosia prolifera (L.) Greuter & Burdet, Willdenowia 15(1): 75 (1985).

[=Scabiosa prolifera L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: 889 (1759)] –🅰 [S]

Pterocephalus arabicus Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient, sér. 1, 10: 78 (1849) –🆂E [M, S]

Pterocephalus brevis Coult., Mém. Dipsac.: 32, t. 1, f. 16 (1823) –🅰 [M, S]

Pterocephalus plumosus (L.) F.Dietr., Nachtr. Vollst. Lex. Gärtn. 7: 5 (1821).

[=Pterocephalus plumosus (L.) Coult., Mém. Dipsac. 31 (1823)] –🅰 [M, S (Rafah, ’Oga Hafir)]

Pterocephalus sanctus Decne., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 2, 2: 266 (1834) –🆂NE [S]

Scabiosa arenaria Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: LXI. no. 89 (1775) –🅰 [M, De, S]

Scabiosa eremophila Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., sér. 1, 10: 79 (1849) –🅰NE [M, S]

Scabiosa tenuis Spruner ex Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., sér. 1, 2: 114 (1843) –🅰 [?Dw]

Valeriana discoidea (L.) Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4, 1: 184 (1797).

[=Valerianella discoidea (L.) Loisel., Not. Fl. France: 148 (1810)] –🅰 [M]

Valeriana szovitsiana (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Christenh. & Byng, Global Fl. 4: 149 (2018).

[=Valerianella szovitsiana Fisch. & C.A.Mey., Index Seminum (LE, Petropolitanus) 3: 48 (1837)] –🅰 [D, S]

Valerianella petrovichii Asch. in G.Rohlfs, Kufra: 526 (1881) –🅰 NE [M]

74. CRASSULACEAE (3 genera, 6 species)

Crassula alata (Viv.) A.Berger in H.G.A.Engler, Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2. 18a: 389 (1930) –🅰 [M]

Rosularia lineata (Boiss.) A.Berger in H.G.A.Engler, Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2. 18a: 466 (1930) –🅿 NE [S]

Umbilicus botryoides Hochst. ex A.Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 308 (1848) –🅿 [GE]

Umbilicus horizontalis (Guss.) DC., Prodr. 3: 400 (1828). [=var. horizontalis] –🅿 [M, S]

Umbilicus intermedius Boiss., Fl. Orient. 2: 769 (1872).

[=var. intermedius (Boiss.) D.F.Chamb. in P.H.Davis (ed.), Fl. Turkey 4: 213 (1972)] –🅿 [De, S]

Umbilicus rupestris (Salisb.) Dandy in H.J.Riddelsdell, G.W.Hedley & W.R.Price (eds.), Fl. Gloucestershire: 611

(1948) –🅿 [S]

75. HALORAGACEAE [HALORAGIDACEAE] (1 genus, 1 species)

Myriophyllum spicatum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 992 (1753) –🅿 [N, M, De (Qantara)]

76. CYNOMORIACEAE [BALANOPHORACEAE] (1 genus, 1 taxon)

Cynomorium coccineum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 970 (1753).

subsp. coccineum –🅿 [M, De, S]

77. VITACEAE (2 genera, 2 taxa)

Afrocayratia ibuensis (Hook.f.) J.Wen & V.C.Dang, J. Syst. Evol. 58: 1104 (2020).

[=Cayratia ibuensis (Hook.f.) Suess. in H.G.A.Engler, Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2. 20d: 278 (1953)] –🅲🅷 [GE]

Cissus quadrangularis L., Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 2: 124 (1767)

var. quadrangularis –🅻 [GE]

78. CUCURBITACEAE (10 genera, 16 taxa)

Bryonia cretica L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 1013 (1753).

subsp. cretica –🅿 [M]

Bryonia syriaca Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., sér. 2, 2: 59 (1856) –🅿 NE [M, S]

Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad., Linnaea 12: 414 (1838) –🅿 [N, O, M, D, R, GE, S]

Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt, Hort. Suburb. Calcutt.: 59 (1845) –🅿 [N, GE]

Corallocarpus schimperi (Naudin) Hook.f. in D.Oliver & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Trop. Afr. 2: 567 (1871) –🅿🅲 [GE]

Cucumis ficifolius A.Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 294 (1847) –🅿 [GE]

*Cucumis melo L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 1011 (1753)

subsp. agrestis (Naudin) Pangalo, P.M.Zhukovsky, Turq. Agric.: 534 (1933) –🅰 [N]

Cucumis prophetarum L., Cent. Pl. 1: 32(1755).

subsp. dissectus (Naudin) C.Jeffrey, Kew Bull. 15: 351 (1962) –🅿 [R, GE]

 subsp. prophetarum –🅿 [De, R, GE, S]

Ecballium elaterium (L.) A.Rich. in J.B.G.Bory de Saint-Vincent, Dict. Class. Hist. Nat. 6: 19 (1824) –🅿 [S]

Kedrostis foetidissima (Jacq.) Cogn. in A.L.P.P.de Candolle & A.C.P.de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 3: 634 (1881) –

🅿 [GE]

Kedrostis gijef (Forssk. ex J.F.Gmel.) C.Jeffrey, Kew Bull. 15: 354 (1962) –🅿 [GE]

*Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 3: 435 (1930) –🅲 [N]

Momordica balsamina L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 1009 (1753) –🅰 [N, O, M, D, S]

Momordica charantia L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 1009 (1753) –🅰 [N]

Zehneria anomala C.Jeffrey, Kew Bull. 15: 364 (1962) –🅿 [GE]

79. FABACEAE [LEGUMINOSAE]:

I. Subfamily Faboideae: (41 genera, 253 taxa)

Alhagi graecorum Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., sér. 1, 9: 114 (1849) –🅿 [N, O, M, D, R, S]

Anagyris foetida L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 374 (1753) –🆂 [M, S]

Anthyllis circinnata (L.) D.D.Sokoloff, Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol., n.s., 108 (3): 46 (2003).

[=Hymenocarpos circinnatus (L.) Savi, Fl. Pis. 2: 205 (1798)] –🅰 [M, S]

Anthyllis vulneraria L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 719 (1753).subsp. maura (Beck) Maire, Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 20: 20 (1929) –🅰/🅿 [M]

Argyrolobium arabicum (Decne.) Jaub. & Spach, Ill. Pl. Orient. 1: 115 (1842). [=Argyrolobium arabicum (Decne.) Jaub. & Spach, Sci. Nat. Bot, sér. 2, 19: 46 (1843)] –🅰/🅿 [GE, S]

Argyrolobium saharae Pomel, Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 1: 177 (1874). [=Argyrolobium saharae Pomel, Bull. Soc. Sci. Phys. Algérie 11: 177 (1874)] –🆂 [O (Uweinat)]

Argyrolobium uniflorum (Decne.) Jaub. & Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 2, 19:45 (1843) –🆂 [M, D, S]

Astragalus amalecitanus Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., sér. 1, 9: 46 (1849) –🅿 NE [S]

Astragalus annularis Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 139 (1775) –🅰 [N, M, De, S]

Astragalus arpilobus Kar. & Kir., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 15: 336 (1842).

subsp. hauarensis (Boiss.) Podlech, Sendtnera 2: 58 (1994).

[=Astragalus hauarensis Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 1, 9: 63 (1849)] –🅰 [M, D, S]

Astragalus asterias Steven, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 4: 267 (1832).

[=subsp. asterias] –🅰 [M, D, S]

[=subsp. radiatus (Batt.) Greuter, Willdenowia 15: 427 (1986)] –🅰 [M, De, S]

Astragalus boeticus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 758 (1753) –🅰 [N, M, S]

Astragalus bombycinus Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., sér. 1, 2: 50 (1843) –🅰 [N, De, S]

*Astragalus callichrous Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 9: 62 (1849) –🅰 [S]

Astragalus camelorum Barbey, Herb. Levant: 131 (1882) –🅿NE [S]

Astragalus caprinus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 1071 (1763)

subsp. caprinus –🅿 [M, S]

Astragalus crenatus Schult., Observ. Bot.: 186 (1809).

[=A. corrugatus Bertol., Rar. Lig. [Ital.] Pl. 3: 33 (1810) subsp. corrugatus] –🅰 [N, O, De, S]

[=A. corrugatus subsp. tenuirugis (Boiss.) Eig, Syst. Stud. Astragalus Near East: 16 (1955) –🅰 [S]

Astragalus cretaceus Boiss. & Kotschy in P.E.Boissier, Diagn. Pl. Orient, sér. 2, 5: 84 (1856) –🅿 [S]

Astragalus dactylocarpus Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. 2: 60 (1843). subsp. acinaciferus (Boiss.) E. Ott, Phanerog. Monogr. 9: 62 (1978) –🆂 [De, S]

Astragalus echinus DC., Astragalogia: 197 (1802). subsp. echinus –🆂 [S]

Astragalus eremophilus Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient, ser. 1, 2: 54 (1843)

subsp. eremophilus –🅰 [O, M, D, R, GE, S]

Astragalus fresenii Decne., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 3: 266 (1835) –🅿E [S]

Astragalus fruticosus Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 139 (1775) –🅿NE [N, M, S]

Astragalus hamosus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 758 (1753) –🅰 [N, M, De, S]

Astragalus hispidulus DC., Astragalogia: 132, no. 30, t.13 (1802) –🅰 NE [N, O (Siwa), M, De, S]

Astragalus intercedens Sam. ex Rech.f., Ark. Bot., ser. 2, 1, 5: 308 (1950) –🅰 NE [S]

Astragalus kahiricus DC., Prodr. 2: 292 (1825) –🅿 [M, De, S]

Astragalus kralikii Coss. ex Batt. in J.A.Battandier & L.C.Trabut, Fl. Algérie 1, Dicot.: 259 (1889).

[=Astragalus hispidulus subsp. kralikii (Coss. ex Batt) Täckh. & Boulos, Publ. Cairo Univ. Herb. 5: 69 (1974)] –🅰 [M, De, S]

Astragalus macrocarpus DC., Astragalogia: 143 (1802). subsp. macrocarpus –🅿 [De, S]

Astragalus mareoticus Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 2 (Mém.): 257 (1813) –🅰 [M, De]

Astragalus palaestinus Eig., J. Bot. 72: 124 (1934) –🅰/🅿NE [S (El-Bustan)]

Astragalus peregrinus Vahl., Symb. Bot. 1: 57 (1790). subsp. peregrinus –🅰 [M, S]

*Astragalus pseudosinaicus Gazer & Podlech, Sendtnera 1: 110 (1993) –🅰 [M]

Astragalus sanctus Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., sér. 1, 9: 47 (1849) –🅿 NE [S]

Astragalus schimperi Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 1, 2: 53 (1843).

var. schimperi–🅰 [De, S]

var. subsessilis Eig., Syst. Stud. Astrag. Near East 13 (1955) –🅰 [De, S]

Astragalus sieberi DC., Prodr. 2: 295 (1825) –🆂 [N, De, R, S]

Astragalus sinaicus Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 1, 9: 57 (1849) –🅰 [S]

Astragalus sparsus Decne., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot, sér. 2, 3: 267 (1835) –🅿 [S]

Astragalus spinosus (Forssk.) Muschl., Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 49: 98 (1907 publ. 1908) –🆂

[N, M, D, S]

*Astragalus stella L., Syst. Nat., ed. 12. 2(2): 1134 (1767) –🅰 [De, S]

Astragalus tribuloides Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 2(Mém.): 70 (1813).

var. elarishensis Eig. Bull. Zionist Org. Inst. Agric. Nat. Hist. 6: 29 (1927) –🅰 [S]

var. leiocarpus Boiss., Fl. Orient. 2: 225 (1872) –🅰 [M, D, S]

var. mareoticus Širj., Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 53: 226 (1944)] –🅰 [M (Lake Mariut region)]

var. minutus (Boiss.) Boiss., Fl. Orient. 2: 225 (1872)] –🅰 [M, De, S]

var. tribuloides –🅰 [O, M, D, S]

Astragalus trigonus DC., Astragalogia: 186 (1802) –🆂 [O, M, D, S]

Astragalus trimestris L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2: 761 (1753) –🅰 NE [M, S]

Astragalus vogelii (Webb) Bornm., Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 33 (2): 233 (1915).

subsp. fatimensis Maire, Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 3: 126 (1933) –🅰 [De, S]

subsp. vogelii –🅰 [N, O, D, R, S]

*Biserrula epiglottis (L.) Coulot, Rabaute & J.-M.Tison, Biocosme Mésogéen 31 (1): 1 (2014) –🅰 [M]

*Biserrulapelecinus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 762 (1753).

subsp. pelecinus –🅰 [S]

Bituminaria bituminosa (L.) C.H.Stirt., Bothalia 13(3-4): 318 (1981)

subsp. bituminosa –🅿 [S]

Bituminaria flaccida (Nábělek) Greuter, Willdenowia 16 (1): 108 (1986) –🅿 NE [S]

*Cicer cuneatum Hochst. ex A.Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 195 (1848) –🅰 [N, GE]

Clitoria ternatea L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 753 (1753) –🅿 [N]

Colutea istria Mill, Gard. Dict., ed. 8, no. 2 (1768) –🆂 [S]

Coronilla repanda (Poir.) Guss., Fl. Sicul. Syn. 2: 302 (1844).

[=C. repanda subsp. repanda] –🅰 [S]

Coronilla scorpioides (L.) W.D.J.Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv.: 188 (1837) –🅰 [M, De, S]

Coronilla securidaca L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 743 (1753).

[=Securigera securidaca (L.) Degen & Dörfl., Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien. Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 64: 718 (1897)] –🅰 [M]

Crotalaria aegyptiaca Benth., London J. Bot. 2: 473 (1843) –🆂 [N, D, R, GE, S]

Crotalaria impressa Nees ex Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 1: 590 (1842) –🅰 [GE]

Crotalaria microphylla Vahl, Symb. Bot. 1: 52 (1790) –🅰 [N, R, GE]

Crotalaria senegalensis (Pers.) Bacle ex DC., Prodr. 2: 133 (1825) –🅰/🅿 [GE]

Crotalaria thebaica (Delile) DC., Prodr. 2: 128 (1825) –🆂 [N, O (Uweinat), D, R, S]

Cullen plicatum (Delile) C.H.Stirt., Bothalia 13 (3-4): 317 (1981).[=Cullen plicata (Delile) C.H.Stirt., Bothalia 13 (3-4): 317 (1981)] –🆂 [N, D]

*Desmodium tortuosum (Sw.) DC., Prodr. 2: 332 (1825) –🅰/🅿 [N]

Ebenus armitagei Schweinf. & Taub., Bull. Herb. Boissier 1: 645 (1893) –🆂 NE [M]

Hippocrepis areolata Desv., Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 4: 329 (1826) –🅰 [M, De, S]

*Hippocrepis biflora Spreng., Pl. Min. Cogn. Pug. 2: 73 (1815) –🅰 [S]

Hippocrepis constricta Kunze, Linnaea 16 (3): 320 (1842) –🅰 [N, M, D, R, S]

Hippocrepis cyclocarpa Murb., Acta Univ. Lund. 33 (12): 80 (1897) –🅰 [M]

Hippocrepis multisiliquosa L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1 2: 744 (1753) –🅰 [S]

Hippocrepis unisiliquosa L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1: 2, 744 (1753).

subsp. bisiliqua (Forssk.) Bornm., Notizbl. Bot. Gart, Berlin-Dahlem10: 438 (1928) –🅰 [M, De, S]

subsp. unisiliquosa –🅰 [S]

Indigofera arabica Jaub. & Spach, Ill. Pl. Orient. 5: 89 (1856) –🅿 [S]

Indigofera argentea Burm.f., Fl. Indica: 171 (1768), non L. (1771) –🆂 [N, D, R, GE]

Indigofera articulata Gouan, Ill. Observ. Bot.: 49 (1773) –🆂 [N, O, D, R, GE]

Indigofera coerulea Roxb., Trans. Soc. London Encour. Arts 28: 294 (1811). var. coerulea

[=Indigofera coerulea Roxb., Hort. Beng. 57 (1814) var. coerulea] –🆂 [De (north and west of Gebel Elba), GE]

Indigofera colutea (Burm.f.) Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. 19: 355 (1921) –🅰 [R]

Indigofera cordifolia B.Heyne ex Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp.: 357 (1821) –🅰 [N, M, Dw (Giza Pyramids), S]

Indigofera hochstetteri Baker in D.Oliver & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Trop. Afr. 2: 101 (1871) –🅰 [N, O, GE]

Indigofera lotononoides Baker f. J. Bot. (London) 41: 187 (1903) –🅿 [O (Uweinat)]

Indigofera oblongifolia Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 137 (1775) –🆂 [N, D, GE]

Indigofera sessiliflora DC., Prodr. 2: 228 (1825) –🅰 [O (Uweinat), GE]

Indigofera spiniflora Hochst. ex Boiss., Fl. Orient. 2: 190 (1872) –🆂 [R, GE]

Indigofera spinosa Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 137 (1775) –🆂 [De, R, GE]

Indigofera subulata Vahl ex Poir. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl., Suppl. 3: 150 (1813)

var. subulata

[=Indigofera trita L.f., Suppl. Pl.: 335 (1781) subsp. subulata (Vahl ex Poir.) Ali var. nubica (J. B. Gillett) Boulos & Schrire in Boulos, Fl. Egypt 1: 313 (1999)] –🆂 [N, GE]

Lathyrus annuus L., Demonstr. Pl.: 20 (1753) –🅰 [N, O, M, S (El-Arish, Rafah)]

Lathyrus aphaca L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 729 (1753) –🅰 [N, O, M, S]

Lathyrus fulvus (Sm.) Kosterin, Vavilov J. Genet. Breed. 21 (2): 168 (2017).

[= Pisum fulvum Sm. in J.Sibthorp & J.E.Smith, Fl. Graec. Prodr. 2: 62 (1813) –🅰 [S]

Lathyrus gorgoni Parl., Giorn. Sci. Sicilia 62: 3 (1838). var. gorgoni –🅰 [S]

var. lineatus (Post) C.C.Towns., Kew Bull. 25 (3): 471 (1971) –🅰 [N, M, Dw]

*Lathyrus hierosolymitanus Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 9: 127 (1849) –🅰 [O, M]

Lathyrus hirsutus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 732 (1753) –🅰 [N, O, M, De]

Lathyrus marmoratus Boiss. & Balansa in P.E.Boissier, Fl. Orient. 2: 606 (1872) –🅰 [N, M, S]

Lathyrus oleraceus Lam., Fl. Franç. 2: 580 (1779).

[=Pisum sativum subsp. elatius (M. Bieb.) Asch. & Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 6 (2): 1064 (1910) –🅰 [N]

[=Pisum sativum subsp. humile Greuter, Matthäs & Risse, Willdenowia 14 (2): 283 (1985)] –🅰 [M]

[=Pisum sativum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 727 (1753) subsp. sativum] –🅰 [N, O, M]

*Lathyrus pseudocicera Pamp., Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n. s., 31: 213 (1924) –🅰 [M]

Lathyrus sativus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 730 (1753) –🅰 [N, O, M]

Lathyrus setifolius L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 731 (1753) –🅰 [M]

Lathyrus sphaericus Retz., Observ. Bot. 3: 39 (1783) –🅰 [N, Dw]

Leobordea platycarpa (Viv.) B.-E.van Wyk & Boatwr., Taxon 60 (1): 173 (2011).

[=Lotononis platycarpa (Viv.) Pic.Serm., Webbia 7: 331 (1950)] –🅰/🅿 [O (Uweinat), De, R, S]

*Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit, Taxon 10 (2): 53 (1961) –🅿 [N]

Lotus angustissimus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 774 (1753) –🅰 [M, N]

Lotus arabicus Sol. ex L., Mant. Pl.: 104 (1767) –🅰 [N, O, M, De]

*Lotus arenariusBrot., Fl. Lusit. 2: 120 (1804) –🅿 [M]

Lotus creticus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 775 (1753) –🅿 [M, D, S]

Lotus cytisoides L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 776 (1753) –🅿 [M, Dw]

Lotus edulis L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 774 (1753) –🅰 [M]

*Lotus gebelia Vent., Descr. Pl. Nouv.: t. 57 (1801) –🅿 [De]

Lotus glinoides Delile, Index Seminum (MPU, Monspeliensis) 1836: 26 (1837). [=Lotus glinoides Delile, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 2, 7: 286 (1837)] –🅰 [N, De, R, GE, S]

Lotus halophilus Boiss. & Spruner in P.E.Boissier, Diagn. Pl. Orient. 2: 37 (1843) –🅰 [N, O, M, D, S]

*Lotus hebecarpus J.B.Gillett, Kew Bull. 13 (3): 377 (1958 publ. 1959) –🅰/🅿 [GE]

Lotus hebranicus Hochst. ex Brand, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 25(1-2): 176 (1898) –🆂 NE [De, R, GE, S]

Lotus lalambensis Schweinf., Bull. Herb, Boissier 4 (App. 2): 235 (1896) –🅰/🅿 [S]

Lotus lanuginosus Vent., Jard. Malmaison: 92 (1805) –🅿 [S]

Lotus nubicus Hochst. ex Baker in D.Oliver & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Trop. Afr. 2: 61 (1871) –🅰 NE [R, GE]

Lotus ornithopodioides L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 775 (1753) –🅰 [O, M, S]

Lotus palustris Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4, 3: 1394 (1802) –🅿 [O, M]

Lotus pedunculatus Cav., Icon. 2: 52, pl. 164 (1793)

subsp. pedunculatus –🅿 [M (Damietta)]

Lotus peregrinus L., Sp. Pl., ed.1, 2: 774 (1753) –🅰 [N, O, M]

Lotus polyphyllos E.D.Clarke, Travels Eur. Asia & Africa 2(2): 41 (1814) –🆂NE [M]

*Lotus requienii Mauri ex Sanguin., Cent. Prodr. Fl. Rom.: 106 (1837) –🅰 [S]

Lotus tenuis Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd., Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. 2: 797 (1809).

[=Lotus glaber Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8, no. 3 (1768)] –🅿 [N, O (Siwa), M, R, S]

Lotus tetragonolobus L. Sp. Pl, ed. 1, 2: 773 (1753) –🅰 [M, S]

Lupinus albus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 721 (1753)

subsp. albus –🅰 [N, O, S]

Lupinus angustifolius L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 721 (1753) –🅰 [N, GE]

Lupinus digitatus Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 131 (1775) –🅰 [N, D, S]

Lupinus palaestinus Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient, ser. 1, 9: 9 (1849) –🅰NE [S]

*Macroptilium atropurpureum (DC.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 457 (1928) –🅿 [N]

*Macroptilium lathyroides (L.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 457 (1928) –🅿 [N]

Medicago arabica (L.) Huds., Fl. Angl., ed. 1, 288 (1762) –🅰 [M, S]

Medicago ciliaris (L.) All., Fl. Pedem. 1: 315 (1785).

[=Medicago intertexta var. ciliaris (L.) Heyn, Scripta Hierosolymitana 12: 129 (1963)] –🅰 [N, O, M, S]

Medicago coronata (L.) Bartal., Cat. Piante Siena: 61 (1776) –🅰 [M, Dw]

Medicago granadensis Willd., Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol.: 803 (1809) –🅰 [N]

Medicago hypogaea E.Small, Taxon 33 (4): 633 (1984) –🅰 [M, S]

Medicago laciniata (L.) Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8., no. 5 (1768).

var. brachyacantha Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 1, 9: 10 (1849)] –🅰 [M, D, S]

var. laciniata –🅰 [N, M, Dw, S]

Medicago littoralis Rohde ex Loisel., Not. Fl. France: 119 (1810).

*var. aegyptiaca Turki, El Shayeb & Shehata, Phytol. Balcan. 27(2): 163 (2021) –🅰 [M]

*var.dentata Turki, El Shayeb & Shehata, Phytol. Balcan. 27(2): 163 (2021) –🅰 [M]

var. littoralis –🅰 [N, O, M, D]

Medicago lupulina L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 779 (1753) –🅰/🅿 [O, M, S]

Medicago marina L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 779 (1753) –🅿 [M, S]

Medicago minima (L.) Bartal., Cat. Piante Siena: 60 (1776).[=Medicago minima (L.) L., Fl. Angl. 21 (1754)] –🅰 [M, Dw, S]

Medicago monspeliaca (L.) Trautv., Bull. Sci. Acad. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 8: 272 (1841) –🅰 [M, S]

Medicago orbicularis (L.) Bartal., Cat. Piante Siena: 60 (1776) –🅰 [N, M, S]

Medicago polyceratia (L.) Sauvages ex Trautv., Bull. Sci. Acad. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 8: 272 (1841) –🅰 [N]

Medicago polymorpha L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 779, 1200 (1753) –🅰 [N, O, M, D, S]

Medicago rigidula (L.) All., Fl. Pedem. 1: 316 (1785) –🅰 [N, M]

Medicago sativa L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 778 (1753). subsp. sativa –🅿 [N, O, M, De, S]

Medicago truncatula Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: 150 (1790) –🅰 [O, M, S]

Medicago turbinata (L.) All., Fl. Pedem. 1: 316 (1785) –🅰 [M, Dw (Giza Pyramids region)]

Melilotus albus Medik., Vorles. Churpfälz, Phys. Ökon. Ges, 2: 382 (1787) –🅰/🅿 [N, M, De, S]

Melilotus elegans Salzm. ex Ser. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 2: 188 (1825) –🅰 [M (Lake Mariut)]

Melilotus indicus (L.) All., Fl. Pedem. 1: 308 (1785) –🅰 [N, O, M, D, S]

Melilotus segetalis (Brot.) Ser. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 2: 187 (1825) –🅰 [N]

Melilotus serratifolius Täckh. & Boulos, Publ. Cairo Univ. Herb. 5: 68, f. 10a (1974) –🅰 E [O (Dakhla Oasis]

Melilotus siculus (Turra) Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 121 (1841).

[=Melilotus messanensis (L.) All., Fl. Pedem. 1: 309 (1785)] –🅰 [N, O, De, S]

Melilotus sulcatus Desf., Fl. Atlant. 2: 193 (1799) –🅰 [N, O, M, D, S]

Microcharis tritoides (Baker) Schrire, Bothalia 22: 167 (1992).

subsp. tritoides –🅿 [GE]

*Neltuma juliflora (Sw.) Raf., Sylva Tellur.: 119 (1838) –🅿 [N]

Onobrychis crista-galli (L.) Lam., Fl. Franç. 2: 652 (1779)

subsp. crista-galli –🅰 [M, D, S]

Onobrychis ptolemaica (Delile) DC., Prodr. 2: 347 (1825) –🅿 [De, S]

Ononis diffusa Ten., Fl. Napol. 1: XLI (1811) –🅰 [N (Cairo), S]

Ononis mitissima L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 717 (1753) –🅰 [N, O, M, De]

Ononis natrix L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 717 (1753).

subsp. natrix –🆂 [M, S]

subsp. stenophylla (Boiss.) Širj., Beih. Centralbl. 49 (2): 470 (1932) –🆂

[S (El Arish-Rafah region)]

Ononis pubescens L., Mant. Pl. Alt. 2: 267 (1771) –🅰 [S]

*Ononis reclinata L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 1011 (1763).

subsp. minor (Moris) Arcang., Comp. Fl. Ital.: 157 (1882) –🅰 [N, M, S]

Ononis serrata Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 130 (1775) –🅰 [N, M, D, S]

Ononis sicula Guss., Cat. Pl. Hort. Boccadifalco 78 (1821) –🅰 [M, S]

Ononis vaginalis Vahl, Symb. Bot. 1: 53 (1790) –🆂 [M]

Ononis variegata L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 717 (1753) –🅰 [S (Rafah)]

*Ononis viscosa L., Sp. Pl.: 718 (1753).

subsp. breviflora (DC.) Nyman, Consp. Fl. Eur.161 (1878) –🅰 [S]

Retama raetam (Forssk.) Webb & Berthel., Hist. Nat. Iles Canaries 3(2; 2): 56 (1842).

subsp. raetam–🆂 [M, D, R, S]

subsp. bovei(Spach) Talavera & P.E.Gibbs, Lagascalia 18: 271 (1996).

[=Retama monosperma (L.) Boiss., Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 144 (1840) subsp. bovei (Spach) Maire in É.Jahandiez & al., Cat. Pl. Maroc 2: 357 (1932)] –🆂 [M]

Rhynchosia malacophylla (Spreng.) Bojer, Hortus Maurit.: 104 (1837) –🅿 [GE]

Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC., Prodr. 2: 385 (1825).

var. memnonia (Delile) T.Cooke, Fl. Bombay 1(2): 389 (1902) –🅿 [N, O, D, R, GE, S]

var. minima –🅿 [S]

Rhynchosia pulverulenta Stocks, Hooker’s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 4: 147 (1852) –🅿 [GE]

Scorpiurus muricatus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 745 (1753) –🅰 [N, O, M, D, S]

Sesbania sericea (Willd.) Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2: 244 (1822) –🅰/🅿 [N]

Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr., Philipp. J. Sci., C 7: 234 (1912) –🆂/🆃 [N, O, M, De, S, (El-Arish-Rafah]

Sulla coronaria (L.) B.H.Choi & H.Ohashi, Taxon 52 (3): 575 (2003).

[=Hedysarum coronarium L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 750 (1753)] –🅿 [M, Dw (Giza Pyramids region)]

Sulla spinosissima (L.) B.H.Choi & H.Ohashi, Taxon 52 (3): 575 (2003).

[=Hedysarum spinosissimum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 750 (1753) subsp. spinosissimum] –🅰 [M, S]

Taverniera aegyptiaca Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., sér. 1, 9: 113 (1849) –🆂/🆂NE [De, R, S]

Taverniera lappacea (Forssk.) DC., Prodr. 2: 339 (1825) –🆂/🆂 [GE]

Tephrosia kassasii Boulos, Feddes Repert. 73: 205 (1966) –🅿 E [N (Nubia)]

Tephrosia nubica (Boiss.) Baker in D.Oliver & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Trop. Afr. 2: 125 (1871). subsp. nubica–🅿 [De (north of GE), GE]

Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers., Syn. Pl. 2: 329 (1807).

subsp. apollinea(Delile) Hosni & El-Karemy, Sendtnera 1: 248 (1993) –🅰/🅿 [N, O, De, R, GE, S]

*subsp. dunensis Brummitt, Bol. Soc. Brot. sér. 2, 41: 251 (1968) –🅿 [O, S]

subsp. leptostachya (DC.) Brummitt, Bol. Soc. Brot., ser. 2, 41: 245 (1968).

[=Tephrosia purpurea subsp. leptostachya var. pubescens Baker, Fl. Trop. Afr. 2: 125 (1871)] –🅰/🅿

[O (Dakhla & Kharga), De, R, GE, S]

Tephrosia uniflora Pers., Syn. Pl. 2: 329 (1807). subsp. petrosa(Blatt. & Hallb.) J.B.Gillett & Ali, Kew Bull. 13: 114 (1958) –🅿 [GE]

subsp. uniflora

[=Tephrosia quartiniana Cufod. ex Greuter & Burdet, Willdenowia 16: 446 (1987)] –🅰/🅿

[De (north of GE), GE, S]

Tephrosia villosa (L.) Pers., Syn. Pl. 2: 329 (1807).

subsp. ehrenbergiana (Schweinf.) Brummitt, Bol. Soc. Brot., sér. 2, 41: 225 (1968) –🅰/🅿 [O (Kharga)]

Trifolium alexandrinum L., Cent. Pl. 1: 25 (1755) –🅰 [N, O, M, D, S]

Trifolium angustifolium L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 769 (1753) –🅰 [M]

Trifolium argutum Banks & Sol. in A.Russel, Nat. Hist. Aleppo, ed. 2, 2: 260 (1794) –🅰 [M]

Trifolium campestre Schreb. in J.W.Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. Abbild. 4: 16 (1804)

subsp. campestre –🅰 [M, S]

Trifolium clusii Gren. & Godr. in J.C.M.Grenier & G.Gordon, Fl. France Corse 1: 414 (1848).

[=Trifolium resupinatum var. minus Boiss., Fl. Orient. 2: 137 (1872)] –🅰 [N, O, M, D]

Trifolium dasyurum C.Presl, Symb. Bot. (Pragae) 1: 53 (1831) –🅰 [M]

Trifolium dichroanthum Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 1, 9: 20 (1849) –🅰 NE [S]

Trifolium fragiferum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 772 (1753)

var. fragiferum –🅿 [M (Alexandria)]

Trifolium glanduliferum Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient, ser. 1, 2: 30 (1843). var. nervulosum(Boiss. & Heldr.) Zohary, Fl. Palaestina 2: 175 (1972) –🅰 [S]

Trifolium incarnatum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 769 (1753).[=var. incarnatum] –🅰 [N (Cairo)]

Trifolium lappaceum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 768 (1753).

var. lappaceum–🅰 [S]

Trifolium nigrescens Viv., Fl. Ital. Fragm. 12, t. 13 (1808).subsp. petrisavii(Clem.) Holmboe, Stud. Veg. Cyprus: 106 (1914) –🅰 [M]

Trifolium patens Schreb. in J.W.Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. Abbild. 4(16): [18] (1804) –🅰 [M]

Trifolium philistaeum Zohary, Israel J. Bot. 19: 296 (1970). [=var. philistaeum] –🅰 NE [S]

Trifolium purpureum Loisel., Fl. Gall. 2: 484, t.14 (1807).

var. desvauxii (Boiss. & C.I.Blanche) Post, Fl. Syria Pal. Sinai, ed. 1, 236 (1896) –🅰 [S (El-Arish, Rafah)]

var. purpureum –🅰 [M]

Trifolium repens L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 767 (1753)

subsp. repens –🅿 [N (Cairo), M(Alexandria)]

Trifolium resupinatum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 771 (1753).

var. resupinatum –🅰 [N, O, M, D, S]

Trifolium scabrum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 770 (1753) –🅰 [M]

Trifolium stellatum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 769 (1753)

var. stellatum –🅰 [M]

Trifolium tomentosum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 771 (1753).

[=var. chthonocephalum Bornm., Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 31, 2: 204 (1914)] –🅰 [M, Dw (Tahrir)]

[=var. curvisepalum (Täckh.) J.Thiếb., Fl. Lib.-Syr. 2: 28 (1940)] –🅰 [S]

[=var. orientale Bornm. in Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 48: 581 (1898)] –🅰 [M, S]

[=var. tomentosum] –🅰 [N, M, Dw, S]

Trigonella anguina Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 2(Mém.): 254 (1814) –🅰 [N, M, D, S]

Trigonella arabica Delile, Fl. Arabie Pétrée: 86 (1830) –🅰 NE [M, S]

Trigonella berythea Boiss. & C.I. Blanche in P.E.Boissier, Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 2, 2: 10 (1856) –🅰 [M, S]

Trigonella cylindracea Desv., J. Bot. Agric. 3: 77 (1814) –🅰 [M, S]

Trigonella glabra Thunb., Prodr. Pl. Cap. 2: 137 (1800).subsp. glabra

[=Trigonella hamosa L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10. 2, 1180 (1759)] –🅰 [N, O, M, S]

Trigonella laciniata L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 1095 (1763) –🅰 [N, O, M, De, S]

Trigonella maritima Delile in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl., Suppl. 5: 361 (1817) –🅰

[N (around the lakes), M, S]

Trigonella media Delile ex Urb., Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 23(Sitzungsber.): 70 (1882).

[=Trigonella media Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 71 (1814)] –🅰E [N (Cairo)]

Trigonella occulta Delile ex Ser. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 2: 185 (1825) –🅰 [N, M, Dw]

Trigonella schlumbergeri Boiss., Fl. Orient., Suppl.: 163 (1888) –🅰NE [S]

Trigonella stellata Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 140 (1775) –🅰 [N, M, D, R, S]

Tripodion tetraphyllum (L.) Fourr., Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n.s., 16: 359 (1868)

subsp. tetraphyllum

[=Anthyllis tetraphylla L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 719 (1753)] –🅰 [M (Mersa Matruh)]

Vicia articulata Hornem., Enum. Pl. Hort. Hafn., ed. 2: 41 (1807) –🅰 [N (Faiyum), M]

Vicia ervilia (L.) Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4, 3: 1103 (1802) –🅰 [M]

Vicia hirsuta (L.) Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 614 (1821 publ. 1822) –🅰 [De]

Vicia hybrida L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 737 (1753) –🅰 [N]

Vicia lutea L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 736 (1753)

subsp. lutea –🅰 [N, O, M]

*Vicia monantha Retz., Observ. Bot. 3: 39 (1783).

subsp. monantha –🅰 [N, M, D]

Vicia narbonensis L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 737 (1753) –🅰 [N, O, M, De, S]

Vicia palaestina Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 1, 9: 116 (1849) –🅰 [S]

Vicia parviflora Cav., Anales Ci. Nat. 4: 73 (1801) –🅰 [N]

Vicia peregrina L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 737 (1753)

subsp. peregrina –🅰 [M, S]

Vicia sativa L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 736 (1753).

subsp. amphicarpa (L.) Batt. in J.A.Battandier & L.C.Trabut, Fl. Algérie, Dicot.: 268 (1889) –🅰 [M]

subsp. cordata (Wulfen ex Hoppe) Batt. in J.A.Battandier & L.C.Trabut, Fl. Algérie, Dicot.: 267 (1889) –🅰

[N, O, M, S]

subsp. nigra (L.) Ehrh., Hannover Mag. 18: 229 (1780) –🅰 [N, O, M, S]

subsp. sativa –🅰 [N, O, M, De, S]

Vicia serratifolia Jacq., Fl. Austriac. 5 (App.): 30, t. 8 (1778).

[=Vicia narbonensis var. serratifolia (Jacq.) Ser. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 2: 365 (1825)] –🅰 [N]

Vicia sinaica Boulos, Bull. Fac. Sci. Cairo Univ. 34: 80, f. 2 (1958) –🅰 E [S]

Vicia tetrasperma (L.) Schreb., Spic. Fl. Lips.: 26 (1771) –🅰 [N]

Vicia villosa Roth, Tent. Fl. Germ. 2 (2): 182 (1793). subsp. microphylla (d’Urv.) P.W.Ball, Feddes Repert. 79: 45 (1968) –🅰 [M]

subsp. varia (Host) Corb., Nouv. Fl. Normandie: 181 (1894) –🅰 [M]

Vigna luteola (Jacq.) Benth. in C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 15 (1): 194 (1859) –🅿🅲 [N, M]

Vigna membranacea A.Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 219 (1848). [=subsp. membranacea] –🅰 [GE]

Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 1: 779 (1843)

subsp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdc., P.H.Davis (ed.), Fl. Turkey 3: 266 (1970) –🅰/🅿 [N, O]

*Vignavexillata (L.) A. Rich., Hist. Fis. Cuba 10: 191 (1845) –🅰 [N]

II. Subfamily Caesalpinioideae: (9 genera, 22 taxa)

Ceratonia siliqua L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 1026 (1753) –🆃 [N, O, S]

Delonix elata (L.) Gamble, Fl. Madras 1 (3): 396 (1919) –🆃 [GE]

Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight & Arn., Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient.1: 271(1834)

subsp. africana Brenan & Brummitt, Bol. Soc. Brot., sér. 2, 39: 77 (1965) –🆂 [N (Nubia)]

Faidherbia albida (Delile) A.Chev., Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 14: 876 (1934) –🆃 [N, De]

Mimosa pigra L., Cent. Pl. 1: 13 (1755)

var. pigra –🆂 [N, De]

Prosopis farcta (Banks & Sol.) J.F.Macbr., Contr. Gray Herb., 59: 17 (1919) –🆂 [N, O, M, D, S]

Senegalia asak (Forssk.) Kyal. & Boatwr., Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 172 (4): 507 (2013).

[=Acacia asak (Forssk.) Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4, 4: 1077 (1806)] –🆂 [GE]

Senegalia laeta (R.Br. ex Benth.) Seigler & Ebinger, Phytologia 91(1): 27 (2009).

[=Acacia laeta R.Br. ex Benth., London J. Bot. 1: 508 (1842)] –🆂 [N, O, GE]

Senegalia mellifera (Vahl) Seigler & Ebinger, Phytologia 92 (1): 94 (2010).

subsp. mellifera

[=Acacia mellifera (Vahl) Bosc in J.-F.-P.Déterville, Nouv. Dict. Hist. Nat., ed. 2, 1: 62 (1816)] –🆂 [De, R, GE]

Senna alexandrina Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 1 (1768)

var. alexandrina –🆂 [N, De, R, GE, S]

Senna holosericea (Fresen.) Greuter, Willdenowia 15: 429 (1986) –🆂 [De, R, GE]

Senna italica Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8: no. 2 (1768)

subsp. italica –🆂 [N, O, M, D, R, GE, S]

Senna occidentalis (L.) Link, Handbuch 2: 140 (1831) –🅰 [N, O, M]

Vachellia etbaica (Schweinf.) Kyal. & Boatwr., Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 172 (4): 512 (2013).

[=Acacia etbaica Schweinf., Linnaea 35: 330 (1868)] –🆂 [De, R, GE]

Vachellia flava (Forssk.) Kyal. & Boatwr., Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 172 (4): 513 (2013).

[=Acacia ehrenbergiana Hayne, Getreue Darstell. Gew. 10: t. 29 (1827)] –🆂 [N, O, D, R, GE, S]

Vachellia gerrardii var. najdensis (Chaudhary) Ragup., Seigler, Ebinger & Maslin, Phytotaxa 162 (3): 176 (2014).

[=Acacia pachyceras var. najdensis (Chaudhary) Boulos, Kew Bull. 50(2): 336 (1995)] –🆃 [S]

Vachellia nilotica (L.) P.J.H.Hurter & Mabb. in D.J.Mabberley, Plant-Book, ed. 3: 1021 (2008).

subsp. nilotica

[=Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd. ex Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 2(Mém.): 79 (1813) subsp. nilotica] –🆃

[N, O, D]

subsp. tomentosa (Benth.) Kyal. & Boatwr., Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 172(4): 515 (2013).

[=Acacia nilotica subsp. tomentosa (Benth.) Brenan, Kew Bull. 12: 84 (1957)] –🆃 [N (south of Aswan)]

Vachellia oerfota (Forssk.) Kyal. & Boatwr., Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 172(4): 515 (2013).

var. oerfota

[=Acacia oerfota (Forssk.) Schweinf., Bull. Herb. Boissier 4(App. 2): 213 (1896)] –🆂 [GE]

Vachellia seyal (Delile) P.J.H.Hurter in D.J.Mabberley, Plant-book, ed. 3: 1021 (2008).

var. seyal

[=Acacia seyal Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 2 (Mém.): 286, t. 52, f. 2 (1813)] –🆃 [N (Qena-Aswan)]

Vachellia tortilis (Forssk.) Galasso & Banfi, Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civico Storia Nat. Milano 149(1): 150

(2008).

subsp. raddiana (Savi) Kyal. & Boatwr., Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 172(4): 517 (2013).

[=Acacia tortilis subsp. raddiana (Savi) Brenan, Kew Bull. 12: 87 (1957)] –🆃 [N, O, D, R, GE, S]

subsp. tortilis

[=Acacia tortilis (Forssk.) Hayne, Getreue Darstell. Gew, 10, t. 31 (1827) subsp. tortilis] –🆃

[N, O, De, R, GE, S]

80. POLYGALACEAE (1 genus, 5 taxa)

Polygala erioptera DC., Prodr. 1: 326 (1824) –🅰/🅿 [N, De, R, GE, S]

Polygala hohenackeriana Fisch. & C.A.Mey., Index Seminum (LE, Petropolitanus) 4: 42

(1838) –🅿 [S (Gebel Libni, northern Sinai)]

Polygala irregularis Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., sér. 1, 1: 8 (1843) –🅰/🅿 [R, GE]

Polygala sinaica Botsch., Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 1964: 368 (1964)

var. glabrescens (Zohary) Boulos, Fl. Egypt 2: 71 (2000) –🆂NE [S] var. sinaica –🆂E [R, S]

81. ROSACEAE (6 genera, 7 taxa)

Cotoneaster orbicularis Schltdl., Linnaea 27: 544 (1854) –🆂 [S (Mt. Katherine)]

Crataegus azarolus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 477 (1753).

var. azarolus –🆂/🆃 [S]

Crataegus sinaica Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 2, 2: 48 (1856) –🆂 [S]

Potentilla supina L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 497 (1753). *subsp. aegyptiaca (Vis.) Soják, Preslia 65: 128 (1993) –🅰 [N, S]

Rosa arabica (Crép. ex Boiss.) Déségl., Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 15: 528 (1877). [=Rosa arabica Crép., Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 8: 344 (1869)] –🆂 E [S]

Rubus creticus Tourn. ex L., Fl. Palaest.: 15 (1756), nom. rej. prop. [=Rubus sanctus Schreb., Icon. Descr. Pl. 1: 15, t. 8 (1766)] –🆂 [N, M, S]

Sanguisorba verrucosa (Link ex G.Don) Ces., Stirp. Ital. Rar. 2: ad tab. S.dodecandrae (1842).

[=Sanguisorba minor subsp. verrucosa (Link ex G.Don) Holmboe, Bergens Mus. Skr., ser. 2, 1, 2: 100 (1914)] –🅿 [N, M, S]

82. RHAMNACEAE (3 genera, 7 taxa)

Rhamnus disperma Ehrenb. ex Boiss., Fl. Orient., Suppl.: 156 (1888) –🆂

NE [De (South Galala Mountain), S (St. Katherine)]

Rhamnus oleoides L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2: 279 (1762).

subsp. oleoides

[=Rhamnus lycioides subsp. oleoides (L.) Jahand. & Maire in É.Jahandiez & al., Cat. Pl. Maroc 2: 476 (1932)]

–🆂 [M (Sollum area)]

*Sageretia brandrethiana Aitch., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 8: 62 (1865) –🆂 [S]

Sageretia thea (Osbeck) M.C.Johnston, J. Arnold Arbor. 49: 378 (1968) –🆂 [S]

Ziziphus lotus (L.) Lam, Encycl. 3(1): 317 (1789)

subsp. lotus –🆂 [O, M (Sollum area)]

Ziziphus nummularia (Burm.f.) Wight & Arn. in R.Wight, Cat. Ind. Pl.: 31 (1833) –🆂 [S]

Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) Desf., Fl. Atlant. 1: 210 (1798)

var. spina-christi –🆃 [N, O, M, De, R, GE, S]

83. CANNABACEAE (1 genus, 1 species)

*Cannabis sativa L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 1027 (1753) –🅰 [N, De]

84. MORACEAE (1 genus and 3 taxa)

Ficus carica L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 1059 (1753) –🆂/🆃

*subsp. rupestris (Hausskn. ex Boiss.) Browicz in Rechinger, Fl. Iranica 153: 8 (1982) –🆃 [S]

Ficus palmata Forssk., Fl. Egypt-Arab.:179 (1775) –🆂 [N, De, R, GE, S]

Ficus salicifolia Vahl, Symb. Bot. 1: 82, t. 23 (1790).

[=Ficus cordata Thunb., Diss. Fic.: 8 (1786) subsp. salicifolia (Vahl) C.C.Berg., Kew Bull. 43: 82 (1988)] –🆂/🆃

[N, O (Uweinat), GE] 85. URTICACEAE (3 genera and 8 taxa)

Forsskaolea tenacissima L., Opobalsam. Decl.:18 (1764) –🅿 [N, O (Uweinat), D, R, GE, S]

Forsskaolea viridis Ehrenb. exWebb in W.J.Hooker, Niger Fl.:179 (1849) –🅰 [GE]

Parietaria alsinefolia Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat.: 137, t. 50, f. 2 (1814) –🅰 [N, De, R, GE]

Parietaria debilis G.Forst., Fl. Ins. Austr.: 73 (1786) –🅰 [R, GE]

Parietaria judaica L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 2: 1492 (1763). subsp. judaica –🅿 [N, M]

*Urtica membranacea Poir. ex Savigny in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl. 4: 638 (1798) –🅰 [S]

Urtica pilulifera L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 983 (1753) –🅰 [N, M, S]

Urtica urens L., Sp. Pl., ed.1, 2: 984 (1753) –🅰 [N, O, M, De, S]

86. ZYGOPHYLLACEAE (4 genera, 38 taxa)

Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 2 (Mém.): 221 (1813).

var. aegyptiaca –🆃 [N, O, De, R, GE, S]

Seetzenia lanata (Willd.) Bullock, Kew Bull. 19: 204 (1965) –🅿 [De, R, GE, S]

*Seetzenia orientalis Decne., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 3: 281 (1835) –🅿 [De, R, S]

Tribulus bimucronatus Viv., Pl. Aegypt. Dec. 4 (1): 9, t. 2, f. 4 (1830).

var. inermis (Kralik) Hosni, Taeckholmia 11: 14 (1988) –🅰 [De, R, GE]

var. bispinulosus (Kralik) Hosni, Taeckholmia 11: 16 (1988) –🅰 [De, R, GE]

Tribulus kaiseri Hosni, Taeckholmia 9: 65 (1979) –🅰 [S]

Tribulus macropterus Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 1, 1: 61 (1843).

*var. collenetteae Hosni, Taeckholmia 11: 9 (1988) –🅰 [De]

var. macropterus –🅰 [N, O, De, R, S]

Tribulus megistopterus Kralik, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 3, 11:32 (1849).

subsp. pterocarpus (Ehrenb. ex Müll. Berol.) Hosni, Taeckholmia 11: 12 (1988) –🅰 [De, GE]

Tribulus mollis Ehrenb. ex Schweinf., Beitr. Fl. Aethiop.: 29 (1867) –🅰 [N, De, GE, S]

Tribulus parvispinus C.Presl, Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 5, 3: 459 (1845). [=var. parvispinus] –🅰 [N, De, R, GE]

Tribulus pentandrus Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 81 (1775).

*var. micropteris (Kralik) Hosni ex Hadidi, Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Zygophyllac.: 3 (1985) –🅰 [N, GE]

var. pentandrus –🅰/🅿 [N, O, D, GE, S]

Tribulus spurius Kralik, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 3, 11: 28 (1849) –🅰 NE [N, Dw (Nubian Desert)]

Tribulus terrestris L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 387 (1753).

var. terrestris –🅰 [N, M, O, D, R, GE, S]

Zygophyllum aegyptium Hosny, Bot. Not. 130: 467 (1977) –🆂 [N (northern Nile Delta), M, S]

Zygophyllum album L.f., Dec. Pl. Hort. Upsal.: 11 (1762).

*var. album –🆂 [N, O, M, De, R, S]

*var. amblyocarpum (Baker) Hadidi, Webbia 33: 52(1978) –🆂 [N, M, De, R, S]

Zygophyllum arabicum (L.) Christenh. & Byng, Global Fl. 4: 92 (2018).

[=Fagonia arabica L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 386 (1753) var. arabica] –🆂 [N, O, M, D, R, S]

[=Fagonia arabica var. viscidissima Maire, Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 20: 176 (1929)] – 🆂 [N, O, D, R]

[=Fagonia thebaica Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 1, 8: 121 (1849)] –🆂 [D, S]

Zygophyllum bruguieri (DC.) Christenh. & Byng, Global Fl. 4: 93 (2018).

[=Fagonia bruguieri DC., Prodr. 1: 704 (1824)] –🆂/🅿 [N, M, O, D, GE, S]

[=Fagonia schimperi C.Presl, Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 5, 3: 460 (1845)] –🅿/🆂 [De, R, GE, S]

Zygophyllum coccineum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 386 (1753) –🆂/🅿 [N, O, M, D, R, S]

Zygophyllum creticum (L.) Christenh. & Byng, Global Fl. 4: 93 (2018).

[=Fagonia cretica L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 386 (1753)] –🅿 [M, S]

Zygophyllum decumbens Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 2(Mém.): 221 (1813)

*var. decumbens–🆂 [R, S]

*var. megacarpum Hosny, Bot. Not. 130: 467 (1977) –🆂 [De, R]

Zygophyllum dumosum Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 1, 8: 125 (1849) –🆂 NE [De, S]

Zygophyllum fabago L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 385 (1753) –🅿 [De, S]

*Zygophyllum geslinii Coss., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 3: 705 (1856) –🆂 NE [M, De]

Zygophyllum glutinosum (Delile) Christenh. & Byng, Global Fl. 4: 93 (2018).

[=Fagonia glutinosa Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 2(Mém.): 230 (1813)] –🅿 [N, M, D, R, S]

Zygophyllum indicum (Burm.f.) Christenh. & Byng, Global Fl. 4: 93 (2018).

[=Fagonia indica Burm.f., Fl. Indica: 102 (1768) var. indica] –🅿/🆂 [N, O, De, R, GE, S]

Zygophyllum mayanum (Schltdl.) Christenh. & Byng, Global Fl. 4: 93 (2018).

[=Fagonia latifolia Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 2(Mém.): 230 (1813) –🅰 [De, R, GE]

[=Fagonia isotricha Murb., Acta Univ. Lund. 33(12): 54 (1897)] –🆂 [De, R, GE]

Zygophyllum molle (Delile) Christenh. & Byng, Global Fl. 4: 93 (2018).

[=Fagonia mollis Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 2(Mém.): 220 (1813) var. mollis] –🆂/🆂 [N, M, De, S]

[=Fagonia mollis var. hispida Zohary, Fl. Palaestina 2: 458 (1972)] –🆂/🆂 NE [N, M, De, R, GE, S]

*Zygophyllum olivieri (DC.) Christenh. & Byng, Global Fl. 4: 93 (2018) –🆂 [S]

Zygophyllum orientale (C.Presl) Christenh. & Byng, Global Fl. 4: 93 (2018).

[=Fagonia tenuifolia Hochst. & Steud. ex Boiss., Fl. Orient. 1: 909 (1867)] –🆂 [De, R, GE]

Zygophyllum paulayanum (J.Wagner & Vierh.) Christenh. & Byng, Global Fl. 4: 93 (2018).

[=Fagonia indica Burm.f. Fl. Indica: 102 (1768) var. schweinfurthii Hadidi, Fl. Iranica 98: 6 (1972) –🅰 [R, GE]

[=Fagonia paulayana J.Wagner & Vierh., Österr. Bot. Z. 54: 34 (1904) –🅰/🅿 [R, GE]

Zygophyllum propinquum Decne., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., ser. 2, 3: 283 (1835).

*subsp. migahidii(Hadidi) Jac.Thomas & Chaudhary, Fl. Kingdom Saudi Arabia 2(1): 501 (2001) –🆂

NE [De]

*subsp. propinquum–🆂 [S]

Zygophyllum scabrum (Forssk.) Christenh. & Byng, Global Fl. 4: 93 (2018).

[=Fagonia microphylla Pomel, Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 2: 338 (1875)] –🅿 [S]

[=Fagonia scabra Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 88 (1775)] –🆂 [M, De, R, S]

[=Fagonia taeckholmiana Hadidi, Candollea 21: 29, f. 7A (1966)] –🅿 NE [De]

Zygophyllum simplex L., Mant. Pl.: 68 (1767) –🅰/🅿 [N, M, D, R, GE, S]

87. CELASTRACEAE (1 genus, 1 species)

Gymnosporia senegalensis (Lam.) Loes., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 17(5): 541 (1893).

[=Maytenus senegalensis (Lam.) Exell, Bol. Soc. Brot., sér. 2, 26: 223 (1952)] –🆂/🆃 [GE]

88. RHIZOPHORACEAE (1 genus, 1 species)

Rhizophora mucronata Poir in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl. 6: 189 (1804) –🆃 [R]

89. PODOSTEMACEAE (1genus, 1 species)

Tristicha trifaria (Bory ex Willd.) Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed.16, 1: 22 (1824) –🅰/🅿

[N (Aswan, waterfalls, first cataract)]

90. HYPERICACEAE [GUTTIFERAE] (1 genus, 4 taxa)

*Hypericum aegypticum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 784 (1753).subsp. aegypticum –🅿 [?]

Hypericum lanuginosum Lam., Encycl. 4 (1): 171 (1797) –🅿 [S]

Hypericum sinaicum Hochst. ex Boiss., Fl. Orient. 1: 808 (1867) –🅿 NE [S]

Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra, Farsetia: 12 (1765) –🅿 [S (Rafah)]

91. ELATINACEAE (2 genera, 4 species)

Bergia ammannioides Roxb., Hort. Bengal.: 34 (1814)

[=Bergia ammannioides B.Heyne ex Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp. 219 (1821)] –🅰 [N]

Bergia capensis L., Mant. Pl. 2: 241 (1771) –🅰 [N, O]

Bergia suffruticosa (Delile) Fenzl, Denkschr. Bayer. Bot. Ges. Regensburg 3:183 (1841) –🆂

[N (Elephantine Island, Aswan)]

Elatine macropoda Guss., Fl. Sicul. Prodr. 1: 475 (1827) –🅰 [N (El-Khanka, near Cairo)]

92. VIOLACEAE (1 genus, 3 taxa)

Viola scorpiuroides Coss., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 19: 80 (1872 publ. 1873) –🆂 [M, Dw]

Viola stocksii Boiss., Fl. Orient. 1: 453 (1867).

[=Viola cinerea var. stocksii (Boiss.) W.Becker, Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 36 (2): 37 (1918)] –🅿 [GE]

Viola tricolor L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 935 (1753).

subsp. tricolor –🅰 [M, S]

93. SALICACEAE (2 genera and 2 species)

Populus euphratica Olivier, Voy. Emp. Othoman, ed. Quatra, 3: 449, t. 45, 46 (1807) –🆃 [O (Siwa)]

Salix mucronata Thunb., Prodr. Pl. Cap. 6 (1794) –🆂/🆃 [N, O, M, De, S]

94. EUPHORBIACEAE (4 genera, 46 taxa)

Euphorbia acalyphoides Hochst. ex Boiss. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 15(2): 98 (1862).

subsp. acalyphoides –🅰 [GE]

Euphorbia arabica Hochst. & Steud. ex T.Anderson, Fl. Aden.: 34 (1860) –🅰 [GE]

Euphorbia arguta Banks & Sol. in A.Russell, Nat. Hist. Aleppo, ed. 2, 2: 253 (1794) –🅰 [N, O, M, Dw]

*Euphorbia bivonae Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2. 1: 610 (1840).

subsp. bivonae –🆂 [M, S]

Euphorbia chamaepeplus Boiss. & Gaill.in P.E.Boissier, Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 2, 4: 88 (1859) –🅰 [M, De, S]

Euphorbia chamaesyce L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 455 (1753) –🅰 [Dw]

Euphorbia cuneata Vahl, Symb. Bot. 2: 53 (1791).

subsp. cuneata –🆂/🆃 [De, R, GE]

Euphorbia dendroides L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 462 (1753) –🆂 [M (Mersa Matruh to Sollum)]

Euphorbia dracunculoides Lam., Encycl. 2: 428 (1788).

subsp. dracunculoides –🅰 [De, GE]

Euphorbia erinacea Boiss. & Kotschy in P.E.Boissier, Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 2, 4: 87 (1859) –🆂NE [M, S]

Euphorbia exigua L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 456 (1753).

subsp. exigua –🅰 [O]

Euphorbia falcata L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 456 (1753) –🅰 [M, S]

Euphorbia forskaolii J.Gay in P.B.Webb & S.Berthelot, Hist. Nat. Iles Canaries 3(2; 3): 240 (1847) –🅰

[N, O, M, D, GE, S]

Euphorbia granulata Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 94 (1775).

[=var. granulata] –🅰 [D, R, GE, S]

[=var. glabrata (J.Gay) Boiss. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 15(2): 34 (1862)] –🅰 [N, D, R, GE, S]

Euphorbia grossheimii (Prokh.) Prokh. in V.L.Komarov, Fl. URSS 14: 391 (1949) –🅰/🅿 [De, S]

Euphorbia helioscopia L., Sp. Pl. ed. 1, 1: 459 (1753).

subsp. helioscopia –🅰 [N, O, M, S]

Euphorbia heterophylla L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 453 (1753) –🅰 [N, O, M, S]

Euphorbia hierosolymitana Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 1, 12: 110 (1853).

var. hierosolymitana –🆂 [M, S]

Euphorbia hirta L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 454 (1753) –🅰 [N, M, S]

*Euphorbia hypericifolia L., Sp. Pl. ed. 1, 1: 454 (1753) –🅰 [N]

Euphorbia hyssopifolia L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: 1048 –🅰 [N (Qalioubia, Nile Delta)]

Euphorbia inaequilatera Sond., Linnaea 23: 105 (1850).[=var. inaequilatera] –🅰 [N (Aga, Nile Delta), M, S]

Euphorbia indica Lam., Encycl. 2: 423 (1788) –🅰 [N]

Euphorbia lasiocarpa Klotzsch, Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 19 (Suppl. 1): 414 (1843) –🅰

[S]

Euphorbia mauritanica L. Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 452 (1753) –🆂 [N, M]

Euphorbia nubica N.E.Br. in D.Oliver & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Trop. Afr. 6(1): 554 (1911).

[=Euphorbia consobrina N.E.Br. in D.Oliver & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Trop. Afr. 6 (1): 555 (1911)] –🆂 [R, GE]

Euphorbia nutans Lag., Gen. Sp. Pl.: 17 (1816) –🅰 [N (Giza region)]

Euphorbia obovata Decne., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 2: 241 (1834) –🆂 E [S]

Euphorbia oxyodonta Boiss. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 15(2): 1267 (1866) –🅰 [N]

Euphorbia paralias L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 458 (1753) –🆂 [N, M, De, S]

Euphorbia parvula Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 2(Mém.): 235 (1813) –🅰 NE [M]

Euphorbia peplis L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 455 (1753) –🅰 [M, S]

Euphorbia peplus L., Sp. Pl.: 456 (1753). var. peplus –🅰 [N, O, M, S]

Euphorbia petiolata Banks & Sol. in A.Russell, Nat. Hist. Aleppo, ed. 2, 2: 253 (1794) –🅰 [S]

Euphorbia polyacantha Boiss., Cent. Euphorb. 25 (1860) –🆂 [GE]

Euphorbia prostrata Aiton, Hort. Kew. 2: 139 (1789) –🅰 [N, M, De, S]

Euphorbia pterococca Brot., Fl. Lusit. 2: 312 (1804) –🅰 [M]

Euphorbia punctata Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 2(Mém.): 234 (1813) –🅰E [M, S]

Euphorbia retusa Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 93 (1775) –🅿 [N, M, D, R, S]

Euphorbia scordiifolia Jacq., Icon Pl. Rar. 3(fasc. 13): 5 (1793) –🅰 [De, R, GE]

Euphorbia serpens Kunth in F.W.H.von Humboldt, A.J.A.Bonpland & C.S.Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 2: Nov. Gen. Sp. 2: 52 (1817) –🅰 [N, R]

Euphorbia sintenisii Boiss. ex Freyn, Bull. Herb. Boissier 6: 986 (1898) –🅰 [N]

Euphorbia terracina L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2.: 654 (1762) –🅿 [M, S]

Jatropha glauca Vahl, Symb. Bot. 1: 78 (1790) –🆂 [GE]

Mercurialis annua L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 1035 (1753) –🅰 [N, M, S]

Ricinus communis L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 1007 (1753) –🅰/🅿 [N, M, De, R, GE]

95. LINACEAE (1 genus, 4 taxa)

Linum decumbens Desf., Fl. Atlant. 1: 278 (1798) –🅰 [N, M]

Linum pubescens Banks & Sol. in A.Russell, Nat. Hist. Aleppo, ed. 2, 2: 268 (1794).subsp. pubescens –🅰 [M, De, S]

Linum strictum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 279 (1753) –🅰 [N, M, GE]

Linum usitatissimum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 277 (1753).

var. usitatissimum –🅰 [N, O, M, S]

96. PHYLLANTHACEAE (4 genera, 12 taxa)

Andrachne aspera Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 3: 884 (1826) –🅿/🆂 [De, R, GE, S]

Andrachne telephioides L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 1014 (1753) –🅿 [M, De, S]

Chrozophora brocchiana Vis. in G.F.Spongia, Comment. Med. 2: 223 (1836) –🅿 [De, R, GE, S]

Chrozophora oblongifolia (Delile) A.Juss. ex Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 3: 850 (1826) –🅿 [N, O, M, De, R, GE]

Chrozophora plicata (Vahl) A.Juss. ex Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 3: 850 (1826) –🅰/🅿

[N, O, De (along Suez Canal), S]

Chrozophora tinctoria (L.) A.Juss., Euphorb. Gen.: 110 (1824) –🅰 [N, O, M, D, R, GE, S]

Flueggea virosa (Roxb. ex Willd.) Royle, Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts.: 328 (1836) –🆂/🆃 [GE]

Phyllanthus maderaspatensis L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 982 (1753).

var. maderaspatensis –🆂/🅿 [GE]

Phyllanthus nummulariifolius Poir. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl. 5: 302 (1804) –🆂 [M]

Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl. 5: 298 (1804).

var. reticulatus –🆂/🆃 [GE]

var. glaber(Baill.) Müll.Arg., Linnaea 32: 12 (1863) –🆂 [N (Luxor)]

Phyllanthus rotundifolius J.G.Klein ex Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4, 4: 584 (1805) –🅰

[N, M, De, R, GE, S]

97. OXALIDACEAE (1 genus, 6 taxa)

Oxalis anthelmintica A.Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 124 (1848) –🅿 [GE]

Oxalis corniculata L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 435 (1753) –🅰/🅿 [N, O, M, De (along Suez Canal), S]

*Oxalis corymbosa DC., Prodr. 1: 696 (1824) –🅿 [N, M]

*Oxalis debilis Kunth in F.W.H.von Humboldt, A.J.A.Bonpland & C.S.Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 5: 236 (1822) –🅿

[N, M]

*Oxalis latifolia Kunth in F.W.H.von Humboldt, A.J.A.Bonpland & C.S.Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 5: 237 (1822).

subsp. latifolia –🅿 [N]

Oxalis pes-caprae L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 434 (1753)

var. pes-caprae –🅿 [N, M, S]

98. MORINGACEAE (1 genus, 1 species)

Moringa peregrina (Forssk.) Fiori, Agric. Colon. 5: 59 (1911) –🆃 [De, R, S]

99. SALVADORACEAE (1 genus, 2 taxa)

Salvadora persica L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 122 (1753).

var. persica –🆂 [N, O, De, R, GE, S]

var. pubescens Brenan, Kew Bull. 4: 90 (1949) –🆂 [D, R, GE, S]

100. RESEDACEAE (5 genera, 17 taxa)

Caylusea hexagyna (Forssk.) M.L.Green, Stand.-Sp. Nom. Conserv.: 29, 63 (1926).

[=Caylusea hexagyna (Forssk.) M.L.Green, Brit. Bot. Int. Bot. Congr. Cambridge1930, Nomencl. Prop. 102 (1929)] –🅰/🅿 [N, O, M, D, R, GE, S]

Ochradenus baccatus Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 2(Mém.): 63 (1813) –🆂 [N, M, D, R, GE, S]

Oligomeris linifolia (Vahl ex Hornem.) J.F.Macbr., Contr. Gray Herb., ser. 2, 53: 13 (1918) –🅰 [N, O, M, D, R, S]

Randonia africana Coss., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 6: 392 (1859) –🆂 [O, M, Dw]

Reseda alba L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 449 (1753) –🅰 [N, M, De, S]

Reseda arabica Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 1, 1: 6 (1843) –🅰 [N, M, De, S]

Reseda decursiva Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 67 (1775) –🅰 [N, M, De, S]

Reseda lutea L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 449 (1753)

subsp. lutea –🅰/🅿 [M, S]

*subsp. petrovichiana (Müll.Arg.) Jafri, Fl. Libya 34: 22 (1977) –🅰/🅿 NE [M]

Reseda luteola L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 448 (1753) –🅰/🅿 [N, M, S]

*Reseda odorata L., Amoen. Acad. 3: 51 (1756) –🅰 [N]

Reseda muricata C.Presl, Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 5, 3: 438 (1845)

var. muricata –🅿 [De, S]

Reseda orientalis (Müll. Arg.) Boiss., Fl. Orient. 1: 427 (1867) –🅰 [M, S]

Reseda phyteuma L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 449 (1753)

subsp. phyteuma –🅰/🅿 [M (Agiba, near Mersa Matruh)]

Reseda pruinosa Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 2 (Mém.): 63 (1813) –🅰 [N, O, M, D, R, GE, S]

Reseda stenostachya Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 1, 1: 5 (1843) –🅰 NE [S]

Reseda urnigera Webb, Fragm. Fl. Aethiop.-Aegypt.: 25 (1854) –🅰 [M, De, S]

101. CAPPARACEAE (4 genera, 14 taxa)

Boscia integrifolia J.St.-Hil., Expos. Fam. Nat. 2: 3 (1805).

[=Boscia angustifolia A.Rich. in A.Guillemin & G.S.Perrottet, Fl. Seneg. Tent.: 26 (1831)] –🆃 [R, GE]

Boscia salicifolia Oliv., Fl. Trop. Afr. 1: 93 (1868) –🆃 [GE]

Boscia senegalensis Lam., Tabl. Encycl.: t. 395 (1793).

[=Boscia senegalensis Poir. in Lam., Tab, Encycl. 2: 517 (1819)] –🆂/🆃 [R, GE]

Cadaba farinosa Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 68 (1775).

subsp. farinosa –🆂/🆃 [D, R, GE]

Cadaba glandulosa Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 68 (1775) –🆂 [R, GE]

Cadaba rotundifolia Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 68 (1775) –🆂 [R, GE]

Capparis cartilaginea Decne., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 3: 273 (1835) –🆂 [M, De, R, GE, S]

Capparis decidua (Forssk.) Edgew., J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 6: 184 (1862) –🆂/🆃 [N, O, D, R, GE, S]

Capparis spinosa L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 503 (1753).

subsp. rupestris (Sm.) Nyman, Consp. Fl. Eur.: 68 (1878)

[=Capparis spinosa var. inermis Turra., Fl. Ital. Prodr. 65 (1780)] nom illeg. –🆂 [M, S]

*subsp. spinosa –🆂 [N, O, M, D, R, S] var.aegyptia(Lam.) Boiss., Fl. Orient. 1: 420 (1867).

[=Capparis aegyptia Lam., Encycl. 1: 605 (1785)] –🆂 [O, De, R, GE, S]

[=Capparis spinosa var. deserti Zohary, Bull. Res. Council Israel, Sect. D, Bot. 8: 54 (1960) –🆂

[Dw (north of Siwa Oasis)]

var. canescens Coss., Notes Pl. Crit., Fasc. 1(2): 28 (1849) –🆂 [O, M, D, S]

Maerua crassifolia Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: CXIII (1775) –🆃/🆂 [O, Dw, R, GE, S]

Maerua oblongifolia (Forssk.) A.Rich., Tent Fl. Abyss. 1: 32 (1848) –🅻 [GE]

102. CLEOMACEAE (1 genus, 12 taxa)

*Cleome africana Botsch., Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 1: 130 (1964) –🅰 [M, Dw, R, GE, S]

Cleome amblyocarpa Barratte & Murb., Acta Univ. Lund., ser. 2, 1 (4): 25 (1905) –🅰 [N, M, De, R, GE, S]

Cleome arabica L., Cent. Pl. I: 20 (1775) –🅿 [N, De, R, S]

Cleome brachycarpa Vahl ex DC., Prodr. 1: 240 (1824) –🅰/🅿 [R, GE, S]

Cleome chrysantha Decne., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 3: 274 (1835) –🅿 [O (Uweinat), De, R, GE, S]

Cleome droserifolia (Forssk.) Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 2 (Mém.): 250 (1813) –🆂

[O (Uweinat), M, De, R, GE, S]

Cleome gynandra L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 671 (1753).

[=Gynandropsis gynandra (L.) Briq., Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 17: 382 (1914)] –🅰 [N, M, De, S]

Cleome hanburyana Penz., Atti. Congr. Int. Bot. Genova 1892: 330 (1893) –🅰/🅿 [De, R, GE]

Cleome pallida Kotschy, Sitzungsber. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Cl., Abt. 1, 52 (1): 262 (1866).

[=Dipterygium glaucum Decne., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 4:67 (1835)] –🅿/🆂 [D, R, GE]

Cleome paradoxa R.Br. ex DC., Prodr. 1: 241 (1824) –🅰/🅿 [De, GE]

Cleome scaposa DC., Prodr. 1: 239 (1824) –🅰 [R, GE]

Cleome viscosa L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 672 (1753)

var. viscosa –🅰/🅿 [M, De]

103. BRASSICACEAE [CRUCIFERAE] (60 genera, 115 taxa)

Aethionema carneum (Banks & Sol.) B.Fedtsch., Fl. Zap Tian-Shan: 176 (1905) –🅰 [S]

Alyssum desertorum Stapf, Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss, Wien. Math.- Naturwiss. Kl. 51: 33 (1886) –🅰 [M]

Alyssum simplex Rudolphi, J. Bot. (Schrader) 1799 (2): 290 (1799) –🅰 [M, S]

Alyssum szovitsianum Fisch. & C.A.Mey. Index Seminum (LE, Petropolitanus) 4: 31 (1838).

[=Alyssum marginatum Steud. ex Boiss., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 17: 151 (1842)] –🅰 [S]

Anastatica hierochuntica L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 641 (1753) –🅰 [O (Uweinat), M, D, R, GE, S]

Arabis auriculata Lam., Encycl. 1: 219 (1783).

[=Arabis nova Vill., Prosp. Hist. Pl. Dauphiné 39 (1779) var. sinaica (Boiss.) Täckh., Publ. Cairo Univ. Herb. 5: 36 (1974)] –🅰 [S]

Arabis caucasica Willd., Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. Suppl.: 45 (1814).

[=Arabis alpina L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 664 (1753) subsp. caucasica (Willd.) Briq., Prodr. Fl. Corse 2 (1): 48 (1913)] –🅿 [N (Luxor)

Arabis verna (L.) W.T.Aiton, Hortus Kew., ed. 2, 4: 105 (1812) –🅰 [S]

Biscutella didyma L. Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 653 (1753).

var. ciliata (DC.) Vis., Fl. Dalmat. 3: 113 (1850).

[=B. didyma var. depressa (Willd.) El-Naggar, Taeckholmia 11:71 (1988)] –🅰 [M, S]

[=B. didyma var. elbensis (Chrtek) El Naggar, Taeckholmia 11: 71 (1988)] –🅰 E [R, GE]

var. didyma –🅰 [M, De, S]

Brassica deserti Danin & Hedge, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard, Edinburgh 32: 259 (1973) –🅰/🅿 E [R, S]

Brassica juncea (L.) Czern., Consp. Pl. Charc.: 8 (1859) –🅰 [N]

Brassica rapa L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 666 (1753) –🅰/🅱 [N, O, M, De]

Cakile maritima Scop., Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 2: 35 (1771). subsp. maritima

[=C. maritima subsp. aegyptiaca (Willd.) Nyman, Consp. Fl. Eur.: 29 (1878)] –🅰 [N, M, S]

Camelina hispida Boiss., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 17: 176 (1842) –🅰 [M]

Camelina rumelica Velen., Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. 1887: 448 (1887) –🅰

[M]

Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik., Pfl.-Gatt.: 85 (1792). subsp. bursa-pastoris –🅰 [N, M]

Carrichtera annua (L.) DC., Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 7: 250 (1821) –🅰 [N, M, Dw, S]

Clypeola jonthlaspi L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 652 (1753) –🅰 [S]

Coincya tournefortii (Gouan) Alcaraz, T.E.Díaz, Rivas Mart. & Sánchez-Gómez, Itinera Geobot. 2: 108 (1989).

[=Brassica tournefortii Gouan, Ill. Observ. Bot. 44, t. 20A (1773)] –🅰 [N, O, M, D, S]

Conringia orientalis (L.) C.Presl, Fl. Sicul. 1: 79 (1826). [=Conringia orientalis (L.) Dumort., Fl. Belg. 123 (1827)] –🅰 [M]

Crucihimalaya kneuckeri (Bornm.) Al-Shehbaz, O’Kane & R.A.Price, Novon 9: 302 (1999).

[=Arabidopsis kneuckeri (Bornm.) O.E.Schulz in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 105(Heft 86): 277 (1924)] –🅰NE [S]

Cuprella homalocarpa (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Salmerón-Sánchez, Mota & Fuertes, Pl. Syst. Evol. 301: 2482 (2015).

[=Alyssum homalocarpum (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Boiss., Fl. Orient. 1: 285 (1867)] –🅰 [De, S]

Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl in H.G.A.Engler & K.A.E.Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3 (2): 192 (1892).

subsp. sophia –🅰 [M]

Diceratella elliptica (DC.) Jonsell, Bot. Not. 132: 526 (1979) –🆂 [R, GE]

Dichasianthus runcinatus (Lag. ex DC.) V.I.Dorof., Konspekt Fl. Kavkaza 3(2): 450 (2012). [=Sisymbrium runcinatum Lag. ex DC., Syst. Nat. 2: 478 (1821)] –🅰 [De]

Didesmus aegyptius (L.) Desv., J. Bot. Agric. 3: 160, t. 25 (1815) –🅰 [N]

Didesmus bipinnatus (Desf.) DC., Syst. Nat. 2: 659 (1821) –🅰 [N]

Diplotaxis acris (Forssk.) Boiss., Fl. Orient. 1: 389 (1867) –🅰 [De, S]

Diplotaxis erucoides (L.) DC., Syst. Nat. 2: 631 (1821). subsp. erucoides –🅰 [N, M, GE, S]

Diplotaxis harra (Forssk.) Boiss., Fl. Orient. 1: 388 (1867). subsp. harra –🅿 [N, O, M, D, R, S]

Diplotaxis muralis (L.) DC., Syst. Nat. 2: 634 (1821) subsp. muralis [=D. muralis var. muralis] –🅰/🅿 [M, Dw, S]

Diplotaxis simplex (Viv.) Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 2: 914 (1825).

[=Diplotaxis muralis (L.) DC., Syst. Nat. 2: 634 (1821) var. simplex (Viv.) El Naggar, Taeckholmia 11: 69 (1988)] –🅰 [M]

*Diplotaxis viminea (L.) DC., Syst. Nat. 2: 635 (1821) –🅰 [Dw]

Enarthrocarpus lyratus (Forssk.) DC., Syst. Nat. 2: 661 (1821) –🅰 [N, O, M, De, S]

Enarthrocarpus pterocarpus (Pers.) DC., Syst. Nat. 2: 661 (1821) –🅰 NE [N, M, S]

Enarthrocarpus strangulatus Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 1, 8: 44 (1849) –🅰 [N, M, S]

Eremobium aegyptiacum (Spreng.) Asch. ex Boiss., Fl. Orient., Suppl.: 30 (1888)

subsp. aegyptiacum

[=var. aegyptiacum] –🅰/🅿 [N, O, M, D, R, GE, S]

var. lineare (Delile) Zohary, Fl. Palaestina 1: 267 (1966) –🅰 [S]

Eruca sativa Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8, no. 1 (1768) –🅰 [N, O, M, De, R, S]

Erucaria crassifolia (Forssk.) Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 2 (Mém.): 244 (1813) –🅰 [N, M, De, S]

Erucaria hispanica (L.) Druce, Rep. Bot. Exch. Club Soc. Brit. Isles 3: 418 (1914) –🅰 [N, M, S]

Erucaria microcarpa Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 1, 8: 47 (1849) –🅰 NE [O, M, De, S]

Erucaria pinnata (Viv.) Täckh. & Boulos, Publ. Cairo Univ. Herb. 5: 37 (1974) –🅰 [O, M, De, S]

*Erucaria rostrata (Boiss.) A.W.Hill ex Greuter & Burdet, Willdenowia 15: 419 (1986) –🅰 NE [S]

Erucastrum arabicum Fisch. & C.A.Mey., Index Seminum (LE, Petropolitanus) 5:35 (1839) –🅰 [N, M, De]

Erysimum repandum L., Demonstr. Pl.: 17 (1753).

var. repandum –🅰 [M, De]

Farsetia aegyptia Turra, Farsetia: 5 (1765).subsp. aegyptia–🆂 [O, M, D, R, S]

Farsetia longisiliqua Decne., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 4: 69 (1835) –🅿 [N, M, D, R, GE, S]

Farsetia stylosa R.Br., Narr. Travels Africa, App. XXII: 216 (1826) –🅰/🅿 [N, O, D, R]

Fibigia clypeata (L.) Medik., Pfl.-Gatt.: 90 (1792).

subsp. clypeata –🅿 [De, S]

Hornungia procumbens (L.) Hayek, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 30 (1): 480 (1925).subsp. procumbens

[=Hymenolobus procumbens (L.) Nutt. in J.Torrey & A.Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 117 (1838)] –🅰 [M]

Isatis lusitanica L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 670 (1753) –🅰 [M, S]

Isatis microcarpa J.Gay ex Boiss., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 17: 201 (1842)

*var. blepharocarpa Asch. in Asch. & Schweinf., Ill. Fl. Egypt. Suppl.:747 (1899) –🅰 NE [S]

var. macrocarpa –🅰 [M, De, S]

Lepidium aucheri Boiss., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 17: 195 (1842) –🅰 [N, M, Dw]

*Lepidium chalepense L., Cent. Pl. II: 23 (1756) –🅿 [S]

Lepidium coronopus (L.) Al-Shehbaz, Novon 14 (2): 152 (2004).

[=Coronopus squamatus (Forssk.) Asch., Fl. Brandenburgh 1: 62 (1860)] –🅰/🅱 [N, O, M]

Lepidium didymum L., Mant. Pl.: 92 (1767).

[=Coronopus didymus (L.) Sm., Fl. Brit. 2: 691 (1800)] –🅰 [N, M]

Lepidium draba L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 645 (1753) –🅿 [M, S]

Lepidium latifolium L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 644 (1753) –🅿 [N (Cairo), M]

Lepidium niloticum (Delile) Sieber ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 27 (1840).

[=Coronopus niloticus (Delile) Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 2: 853 (1825)] –🅰 [N, O, M, De]

Lepidium sativum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 644 (1753).

[=L. sativum subsp. spinescens (DC.) Thell., Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 51:160 (1906)] –🅰

[N, O, M, De, S]

Lepidium virginicum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 645 (1753) –🅰 [N, De (Ismailia)]

Leptaleum filifolium (Willd.) DC., Syst. Nat. 2: 511 (1821) –🅰 [O (Uweinat), D, R, GE, S]

Lobularia arabica (Boiss.) Muschl., Man. Fl. Egypt 1: 421 (1912) –🅰 NE [N, M, S]

Lobularia libyca (Viv.) Meisn., Pl. Vasc. Gen. 2: 11 (1837) –🅰 [M, Dw, S]

Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv., J. Bot. Agric. 3: 169 (1815) –🅿 [N, M, S]

Malcolmia pygmaea (DC.) Boiss., Fl. Orient. 1: 222 (1867) –🅰 [M, N, De, S]

Maresia nana (DC.) Batt. J.A.Battandier & L.C.Trabut, Fl. Algérie, Dicot.: 68 (1888).[=Malcolmia nana (DC.) Boiss., Fl. Orient. 1: 222 (1867)] –🅰 [M, S]

Matthiola arabica Boiss., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot, sér. 2, 17: 49 (1842) –🅿 NE [N, M, S]

Matthiola fruticulosa (L.) Maire in É.Jahandiez & al., Cat. Pl. Maroc 2: 311 (1932). subsp. fruticulosa –🅿 [M, D]

Matthiola longipetala (Vent.) DC., Syst. Nat. 2: 174 (1821).

subsp. bicornis (Sm.) P.W.Ball, Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 68: 194 (1963) –🅰 [M, S]

subsp. hirta(Conti) Greuter & Burdet, Willdenowia 13: 94 (1983) –🅰 [M, De, S]

subsp. livida (Delile) Maire, Fl. Afrique N. 14: 23 (1977) –🅰 [N, O, M, D, R, S]

subsp. longipetala –🅰 [M, De, S]

Matthiola parviflora (Schousb.) W.T.Aiton, Hortus Kew., ed. 2, 4: 121 (1812) –🅰 [N, O (Wadi Natrun), M, S]

Moricandia nitens (Viv.) E.A.Durand & Barratte, Fl. Libyc. Prodr.: 15 (1910) –🆂 [N, M, D, S]

Moricandia sinaica (Boiss.) Boiss., Fl. Orient. 1: 386 (1867) –🅿 [De, S]

Morettia canescens Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 1, 8: 17 (1849) –🅿 [D, R, S]

Morettia parviflora Boiss., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 17: 60 (1842) –🅿 [S]

Morettia philaeana (Delile) DC., Syst. Nat. 2: 427 (1821) –🅿 [N, O, D, R, GE, S]

Mutarda allionii (Jacq.) D.A.German, Turczaninowia 25(2): 56 (2022).[=Sinapis allionii Jacq., Hort. Bot. Vindob. 2: 79 (1773)] –🅰E [N, M]

Mutarda arvensis (L.) D.A.German, Turczaninowia 25(2): 56 (2022).

[=Sinapis arvensis L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 668 (1753) var. arvensis] –🅰 [N, O, M, S]

[=S. arvensis var. orientalis (L.) W.D.J.Koch & Ziz, Cat. Pl. Palat.: 12 (1814)] –🅰 [N, O, M, De, S]

Mutarda nigra (L.) Bernh., Syst. Verz. Erf.: 197 (1800).

[=Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J.Koch in J.C.Röhling, Deutschl. Fl., ed. 3, 4: 713 (1833)] –🅰 [N, O, M, S]

Nasturtiopsis coronopifolia (Desf.) Boiss., Fl. Orient. 1: 237 (1867).subsp. arabica (Boiss.) Greuter & Burdet, Willdenowia 13: 94 (1983) –🅰 NE [M, S]

Nasturtiopsis integrifolia (Boulos) Abdel Khalik & F.T.Bakker, Turkish J. Bot. 31: 571 (2007). [=Rorippa integrifolia Boulos, Candollea 19: 210 (1964)] –🅰 E [R, S (Maghara)]

Nasturtium officinale W.T.Aiton, Hortus Kew., ed. 2, 4: 110 (1812) –🅿 [N, M, S]

Neotorularia aculeolata (Boiss.) Hedge & J. Léonard, Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 56: 393 (1986) –🅰 [S]

Neotorularia torulosa (Desf.) Hedge & J.Léonard, Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg 56: 395 (1986).

[=var. torulosa] –🅰 [M, De, S]

[=var. scorpiuroides (Boiss.) Hedge & J.Léonard, Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 56: 395 (1986)] –🅰 [N, M, De, S]

Neslia paniculata subsp. thracica(Velen.) Bornm., Oesterr. Bot. Z. 44: 125(1894).  

[=Neslia apiculata C.A.Mey., Index Seminum (LE, Petropolitanus) 8: 68 (1842)] –🅰 [M, S]

Notoceras bicorne (Aiton) Amo, Fl. Fan. Penins. Ibérica 6: 536 (1873) –🅰 [De, R, GE, S]

Ochthodium aegyptiacum (L.) DC., Syst. Nat. 2: 423 (1821) –🅰 [M, S]

Olimarabidopsis pumila (Stephan) Al-Shehbaz, O’Kane & R.A.Price, Novon 9: 303 (1999).

[=Arabidopsis pumila (Stephan) N.Busch, Fl. Caucas Crit. 3 (4): 465 (1909)] –🅰 [S]

Pseuderucaria clavata (Boiss. & Reut.) O.E.Schulz, Beibl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 119: 54 (1916). subsp. clavata –🅰NE [N, M, De, S]

Pseuderucaria teretifolia (Desf.) O.E.Schulz, Beibl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 119: 54 (1916) –🅰 [Dw]

Raphanus raphanistrum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 669 (1753).subsp. raphanistrum–🅰 [N, M, De, R]

Rapistrum rugosum (L.) All., Fl. Pedem. 1: 257 (1785) –🅰 [M, S]

Ricotia lunaria (L.) DC., Syst. Nat. 2: 284 (1821) –🅰NE [S]

Robeschia schimperi (Boiss.) O.E.Schulz in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 105(Heft 86): 361 (1924) –🅰 [S]

Rorippa indica (L.) Hiern, Cat. Afr. Pl. 1: (xxvi) Add. & Corr. (1896) –🅰/🅿 [N]

Rorippa palustris (L.) Besser, Enum. Pl. Volh.: 27 (1822) –🅰/🅿 [N, M]

Savignya parviflora (Delile) Webb, Fragm. Fl. Aethiop.-Aegypt.: 14 (1854).

subsp. parviflora[=Savignya parviflora (Delile) Webb, Giom. Bot. Ital. 2 (2): 215 (1847)] –🅰 [N, O, M, D, R, S]

Schimpera arabica Hochst. & Steud. in E.G.von Steudel, Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 530 (1841).

[=Schimpera arabica Hochst, & Steud, ex Endl, Pl. Arab. Exsicc. No. 144 (1836)] –🅰 [De, S]

Schouwia purpurea (Forssk.) Schweinf., Bull. Herb. Boissier 4 (App. 2): 183 (1896) –🅰 [N, O, M, D, R, GE, S]

Sinapis alba L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 668 (1753) –🅰 [N, M, R]

Sisymbrium erysimoides Desf., Fl. Atlant. 2: 84 (1798) –🅰 [M, De, R, GE, S]

Sisymbrium irio L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 659 (1753) –🅰 [N, M, De, R, GE, S]

Sisymbrium orientale L., Cent. Pl. 2: 24 (1756) –🅰 [S]

Sisymbrium polyceratium L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 658 (1753) –🅰 [S (El-Qantara)]

Sisymbrium septulatum DC., Syst. Nat. 2: 471 (1821) –🅰 [S]

Strigosella africana (L.) Botsch., Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 57: 1038 (1972).

[=Malcolmia africana (L.) W.T.Aiton, Hortus Kew., ed. 2, 4: 121 (1812)] –🅰 [M, S]

Zilla spinosa (L.) Prantl in H.G.A.Engler & K.A.E.Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3 (2): 175 (1891).

subsp. biparmata (O.E.Schulz) Maire & Weiller, Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 30: 260 (1939) –🆂

NE [M, D]subsp. spinosa –🆂 [N, M, D, R, GE, S]

Zuvanda crenulata (DC.) Askerova, Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 70: 523 (1985).

[=Malcolmia crenulata (DC.) Boiss., Fl. Orient. 1: 229 (1867)] –🅰 [S]

104. GERANIACEAE (3 genera, 26 taxa)

Erodium arborescens (Desf.) Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4, 3: 638 (1800) –🅿 [De, S]

Erodium chium (L.) Willd., Phytographia 1: 10 (1794) –🅰 [M, De, S]

Erodium ciconium (L.) L’Hér. in W.Aiton, Hort. Kew., 2: 415 (1789) –🅰 [M, D, S]

Erodium cicutarium (L.) L’Hér. in W.Aiton, Hort. Kew. 2: 414 (1789) –🅰 [O, M, D, S]

Erodium crassifolium L’Hér. in W.Aiton, Hort. Kew. 2: 414 (1789) –🅿 [M, D, S]

Erodium glaucophyllum (L.) L’Hér. in W.Aiton, Hort. Kew. 2: 416 (1789) –🅿 [M, D, R, S]

Erodium gruinum (L.) L’Hér. in W.Aiton, Hort. Kew. 2: 415 (1789) –🅰 [N, M]

Erodium laciniatum (Cav.) Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4, 3: 633 (1800).

[=subsp. laciniatum] –🅰 [N, M, D, R, GE, S]

Erodium malacoides (L.) L’Hér. in W.Aiton, Hort. Kew. 2: 415 (1789).

subsp. malacoides –🅰 [N, O, M, De, S]

Erodium moschatum (L.) L’Hér. in W.Aiton, Hort. Kew. 2: 414 (1789) –🅰 [M]

Erodium neuradifolium Delile ex Godr., Mém. Sect. Med. Acad. Sci. Montpellier 1: 425 (1853) –🅰

[M, De, R, GE, S]

Erodium oxyrhinchum M.Bieb., Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 2: 133 (1808).

subsp. bryoniifolium (Boiss.) Schönb.-Tem., Fl. Iranica 69:43 (1970) –🅰/🅿 [N, O (Wadi Natrun), M, De, S]

subsp. oxyrhinchum –🅰/🅿 [De, S]

Erodium pulverulentum (Cav.) Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4, 3(1): 632 (1800).

subsp. pulverulentum –🅰 [N, M, D, R, GE, S] [=Erodium laciniatum subsp. pulverulentum (Cav.) Batt. J.A.Battandier & L.C.Trabut, Fl. Algérie, Dicot.: 126 (1888)]

*subsp. tunetanum (DC.) Guitt. In A.Dobignard & C.Chatelain, Index Syn. Fl. Afrique N. 4: 239 (2012) –🅰

[S]

Erodium touchyanum Delile ex Godr., Mém. Sect. Med. Acad. Sci. Montpellier 1: 423 (1853) –🅰 [De, S]

Geranium biuncinatum Kokwaro, Webbia 25(2): 639 (1971) –🅰 [GE]

*Geranium carolinianum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 682 (1753) –🅰 [N]

Geranium dissectum L., Cent. Pl. 1: 21 (1755) –🅰 [N, O, M, GE]

*Geranium mascatense Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. 1: 59 (1843) –🅰 [GE]

Geranium molle L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 682 (1753) –🅰 [M, S]

*Geranium rotundifolium L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 683 (1753) –🅰 [S]

Geranium trilophum Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient, sér. 1, 6: 30 (1846) –🅰 [GE]

Monsonia heliotropioides (Cav.) Boiss., Fl. Orient. 1: 897 (1867) –🅿 [De, R, GE, S]

Monsonia nivea (Decne.) Webb, Fragm. Fl. Aethiop.-Aegypt.: 59 (1854) –🅿 [N, O, M, D, R, GE, S]

Monsonia senegalensis Guill. & Perr., Fl. Seneg. Tent. 1: 131 (1831) –🅰/🅿 [GE]

105. NEURADACEAE (1 genus, 3 taxa)

*Neurada al-eisawii Barsotti, Borzatti & Garbari, Bot. Chron. 13: 113 (2000) –🅰 NE [Dw]

Neurada procumbens L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 441 (1753). var. procumbens –🅰 [N, O (Wadi Natrun), M, D, R, GE, S]

*var. stellata Zohary & D.Zohary, Palestine J. Bot., Jerusalem Ser. 5: 248 (1952) –🅰 [N, D]

106. MALVACEAE [incl. TILIACEAE & STERCULIACEAE] (17 genera, 52 taxa)

Abutilon bidentatum (Hochst.) A.Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 68 (1847) –🅿 [N, O, De, GE]

Abutilon fruticosum Guill. & Perr., Fl. Seneg. Tent. 1: 70 (1831)

var. fruticosum –🆂 [De, R, GE, S]

*Abutilon grandifolium (Willd.) Sweet, Hort. Brit.: 53 (1826) –🅿 [N]

Abutilon longicuspe Hochst. ex A.Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 69 (1847)

var. longicuspe –🅿 [Dw, GE]

Abutilon pannosum (G.Forst.) Schltdl., Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 9: 828 (1851)

var. figarianum (Webb) Verdc., Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Malv.: 124 (2009).

[=Abutilon figarianum Webb, Fragm. Fl. Aethiop.-Aegypt.: 52 (1854)] –🅿 [N, R]

var. pannosum –🅿 [N, O, De, R, GE, S]

Abutilon theophrasti Medik., Malvenfam.: 28 (1787) –🅰 [N, M, S]

Alcea acaulis (Cav.) Alef., Österr. Bot. Z. 12: 251 (1862) –🅿 [M, S]

Alcea apterocarpa (Fenzl) Boiss., Fl. Orient. 1: 830 (1867) –🅿 [S]

Alcea rosea L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 687 (1753) –🅰 [S]

Alcea rufescens (Boiss.) Boiss., Fl. Orient. 1: 828 (1867).

[=Alcea striata subsp. rufescens (Boiss.) Cullen, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 27: 216 (1967)] –🅿 [S]

Alcea striata (DC.) Alef., Österr. Bot. Z. 12: 252 (1862).

[=subsp. striata] –🅿 [S]

*Anoda cristata (L.) Schltdl., Linnaea 11: 210 (1837) –🅰/🅿 [N]

Corchorus depressus (L.) Peterm., Pflanzenreich: 924 (1845).[=Corchorus depressus (L.) Stocks, Proc. Linn. Soc. London 1(35): 367 (1848)] –🅿 [O (Uweinat), De, R, GE]

Corchorus olitorius L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 529 (1753) –🅰 [N, O, M, De, R, S]

Corchorus tridens L., Mant. Pl. 2: 566 (1771) –🅰 [N (Aswan)]

Corchorus trilocularis L., Mant. Pl. 1: 77 (1767) –🅰 [N, O, M, GE]

Gossypium herbaceum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 693 (1753)

subsp. herbaceum –🅿 [O (Bahariya, Siwa)]

Grewia tembensis Fresen., Mus. Senckenberg. 2: 158 (1837)

var. tembensis –🆂 [GE]

Grewia tenax (Forssk.) Fiori, Agric. Colon. 5 (Suppl.): 23 (1911 publ. 1912)

subsp. tenax –🆂 [De, R, GE, S]

Grewia villosa Willd., Neue Schriften Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 4: 205 (1803) –🆂 [GE]

Hermannia modesta (Ehrenb.) Mast in D.Oliver & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Trop. Afr. 1: 232 (1858) –🅰 [De, R, GE]

*Hibiscus diversifolius Jacq., Collectanea 2: 307 (1789).

subsp. diversifolius –🅿 [N]

Hibiscus micranthus L.f., Suppl. Pl.: 308 (1782) –🆂 [De, R, GE, S]

Hibiscus sabdariffa L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 695 (1753) –🅰/🅿 [N, O]

Hibiscus trionum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 697 (1753) –🅰 [N, O, M, S]

Hibiscus vitifolius L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 696 (1753)

subsp. vitifolius –🆂 [GE]

Malva aegyptia L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 690 (1753) –🅰 [M, De, S]

Malva ludwigii (L.) Soldano, Banfi & Galasso, Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civico Storia Nat. Milano 152: 95 (2011).  

[=Althaea ludwigii L., Mant. Pl. 2: 98 (1771)] –🅰/🅿 [N, O, M, De, S]

Malva multiflora (Cav.) Soldano, Banfi & Galasso, Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civico Storia Nat. Milano 146: 230 (2005).

[=Lavatera cretica L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 691 (1753)] –🅰/🅿 [N, M, S]

Malva neglecta Wallr., Syll. Pl. Nov. 1: 140 (1824) –🅰 [M, Dw, S]

Malva nicaeensis All., Fl. Pedem. 2: 40 (1785) –🅰 [N, M, S]

Malva parviflora L., Demonstr. Pl.: 18 (1753).

var. parviflora –🅰 [N, O, M, D, R, GE, S]

Malva sylvestris L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 689 (1753)

var. sylvestris –🅰 [N, M, R, S]

Malvastrum coromandelianum (L.) Garcke, Bonplandia (Hannover) 5: 297 (1857) –🅰 [N (Cairo and El-Saff)]

Malvella sherardiana (L.) Jaub. & Spach., Ill. Pl. Orient. 5: 46 (1854) –🅿 [O (Kharga)]

Melhania denhamii R.Br., Narr. Travels Africa App.12: 232 (1826) –🅿 [GE]

Melhania phillipsiae Baker f., J. Bot. 36: 4 (1898) –🅿 [GE]

*Melhania steudneri Schweinf., Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 18: 672 (1868) –🅿 [R, GE]

Pavonia arabica Hochst. & Steud. ex Boiss., Fl. Orient. 1: 837 (1867) –🅿 [De]

Pavonia burchellii (DC.) R.A.Dyer, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1932 (3): 152 (1932) –🆂 [N]

Pavonia kotschyi Hochst. ex Webb, Fragm. Fl. Aethiop.-Aegypt.: 43 (1854) –🅿 [GE]

Pavonia senegalensis (Cav.) Leistner, Bothalia 10: 74 (1969).

[=Pavonia hirsuta Guill. & Perr., Fl. Seneg., Tent. 1: 51 (1831) –🆂 [De]

Pavonia triloba Guill. & Perr., Fl. Seneg. Tent. 1: 50 (1831) –🅿 [GE]

Sida acuta Burm.f., Fl. Indica: 147 (1768) –🅿 [N (Cairo)]

Sida alba L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2: 960 (1763) –🅰/🅿 [N, O, M]

Sida ovata Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 124 (1775) –🆂 [GE]

Sida rhombifolia L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 684 (1753) –🅿 [S]

Sterculia africana (Lour.) Fiori, Agric. Colon. 5, Suppl.: 37 (1911 publ. 1912) –🆃 [R, GE]

Triumfetta flavescens Hochst. ex A.Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 82 (1847) –🅿 [R, GE]

Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl.: 22 (1760) –🅿 [GE]

Waltheria indica L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 673 (1753) –🅿 [GE]

107. THYMELAEACEAE (1 genus, 1 species)

Thymelaea hirsuta (L.) Endl., Gen. Pl., Suppl. 4(2): 65 (1848) –🆂 [O, M, De, S]

108. CISTACEAE (2 genera, 14 species)

Fumana arabica (L.) Spach, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 2, 6: 359 (1836) –🆂 [M, S]

Fumana thymifolia (L.) Webb, Iter Hispan.: 69 (1838) –🆂 [M, S]

Helianthemum aegyptiacum (L.) Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8, no. 23 (1768) –🅰 [M, S]

Helianthemum crassifolium Pers., Syn. Pl. 2: 77 (1806).subsp. sphaerocalyx (Gauba & Janch.) Maire, Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 30: 263 (1939).

[=Helianthemum sphaerocalyx Gauba & Janch., Österr. Bot. Z. 79: 349 (1930)] –🅿 NE [M]

Helianthemum kahiricum Delile, Descr. Egypte, Hist. Nat. 2(Mém.): 237 (1813) –🆂 [M, D, R, S]

Helianthemum ledifolium (L.) Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8, no. 20 (1768)

subsp. ledifolium –🅰 [M, De, S]

Helianthemum lippii (L.) Dum.Cours., Bot. Cult. 3: 130 (1802) –🆂 [N, O, M, D, R, S]

Helianthemum salicifolium (L.) Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8, no. 21 (1768)

var. salicifolium –🅰 [M, De, S]

Helianthemum sancti-antoni Schweinf. ex Boiss., Fl. Orient., Suppl.: 70 (1888) –🆂 NE [De, S]

Helianthemum schweinfurthii Grosser in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 193: 95 (1903) –🆂

E [De (Gebel Shalufa)]

Helianthemum stipulatum (Forssk.) C.Chr., Dansk Bot. Ark. 4 (3): 20 (1922) –🆂 [N, M, D, S]

Helianthemum ventosum Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 1, 8: 50 (1849) –🆂 NE [De, S]

Helianthemum vesicarium Boiss., Diagn, Pl. Orient., sér. 1, 8: 50 (1849).

[=var. vesicarium] –🅿 [O (Wadi Natrun), M, De, S]

Helianthemum virgatum (Desf.) Pers., Syn. Pl. 2: 79 (1806).

subsp. ciliatum (Desf.) Murb., Acta Univ. Lund. 33(12): 22 (1897). [=Helianthemum vesicarium var. ciliatum (Desf.) Zohary, Fl. Palaestina 2: 340 (1972)] –🅿 NE [M, S]

109. LYTHRACEAE (2 genera, 9 taxa)

Ammannia auriculata Willd., Hort. Berol. 1: t.7 (1803) –🅰 [N, O]

Ammannia baccifera L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 120 (1753)

*var. attenuate (Hochst. & A.Rich) Z.Turki, Fl. Medit. 17: 102 (2007) –🅰 [N, O]

*var. baccifera –🅰 [N, O]

*Ammannia multiflora Roxb., Fl. Ind. 1: 447 (1820) –🅰 [M]

Ammannia senegalensis Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 312 (1792)

var. senegalensis –🅰 [N, O, M]

Lythrum hyssopifolia L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 447 (1753) –🅰 [N, O, M]

Lythrum junceum Banks ex Sol. in A.Russell, Nat. Hist. Aleppo, ed. 2, 2: 253 (1794) –🅿 [M, S]

Lythrum thymifolia L., Sp. Pl. ed. 1, 1: 447 (1753) –🅰 [N]

Lythrum tribracteatum Salzm. ex Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 4 (2): 190 (1827) –🅰 [N, O, M]

110. ONAGRACEAE (3 genera, 4 taxa)

Epilobium hirsutum L., Sp. Pl. ed. 1, 1: 347 (1753) –🅿 [N, O, M, S]

Ludwigia adscendens (L.) H.Hara, J. Jap. Bot. 28: 291 (1953). subsp. diffusa (Forssk.) P. H. Raven, Kew Bull. 15: 476 (1962).

[=Ludwigia stolonifera (Guill. & Perr.) P.H.Raven, Reinwardtia 6: 390 (1964)] –🅿 [N, O, M, De, S]

Ludwigia erecta (L.) H.Hara, J. Jap. Bot. 28: 292 (1953) –🅰 [N]

Oenothera drummondii Hook., Bot. Mag. 61: t. 3361 (1834). subsp. drummondii –🅿 [N, S]

111. NITRARIACEAE (incl. PEGANACEAE & TETRADICLIDACEAE) (3 genera, 3 taxa)

Nitraria retusa (Forssk.) Asch., Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 18: 94 (1876) –🆂

[N, O, M, D, R, GE, S]

Peganum harmala L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 444 (1753).

var. harmala –🅿 [M, De, R, S]

Tetradiclis tenella (Ehrenb.) Litv., Trudy Bot. Muz. Imp. Akad. Nauk 3:122 (1907) –🅰 [N, M]

112. BURSERACEAE (1 genus, 2 species)

Commiphora gileadensis (L.) C.Chr., Dansk Bot. Ark. 4(3): 18 (1922) –🆃/🆂 [R, GE]

Commiphora quadricincta Schweinf., Bull. Herb. Boissier 7 (App. 2): 283 (1899) –🆃/🆂 [R, GE]

113. ANACARDIACEAE (3 genera, 7 species)

Pistacia atlantica Desf., Fl. Atlant. 2: 364 (1799) –🆃 [S]

Pistacia khinjuk Stocks, Hooker’s J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 4: 143 (1852).

[=var. glabra Schweinf. ex Engl. in A.L.P.P.de Candolle & A.C.P.de Candolle, Monogr.

Phan. 4: 291 (1883)] –🆃 [De, GE, S]

[=var. microphylla Boiss., Fl. Orient. Suppl.: 154 (1888)] –🆃 [De (South Galala Mountain)]

Pistacia lentiscus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 2: 1026 (1753) –🆂 [M (Wadi Batoum, south of Sollum)]

Rhus coriaria L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 265 (1753) –🆂/🆃 [S]

Searsia flexicaulis (Baker) Moffett, Bothalia 37(2): 168 (2007).

[=Rhus flexicaulis Baker, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1895: 316 (1895)] –🆂 NE [GE]

Searsia glutinosa subsp. abyssinica (Hochst. ex Oliv.) Moffett, Bothalia 37(2): 168 (2007).

[=Rhus abyssinica Hochst. ex Oliv., Fl. Trop. Afr. 1:438 (1868)] –🆂/🆃 [GE]

Searsia tripartita (Ucria) Moffett, Bothalia 37 (2): 173 (2007).

[=Rhus tripartita (Ucria) Grande, Bull. Orto Bot. Regia Univ. Napoli 5: 62 (1918)] –🆂 [M, De, R, GE, S]

114. SAPINDACEAE (2 genera, 2 species)

Cardiospermum halicacabum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 366 (1753) –🅰 [N, O (Dakhla)]

Dodonaea viscosa Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl.: 19 (1760) –🆂/🆃 [GE]

115. RUTACEAE (2 genera, 4 taxa)

Haplophyllum poorei C.C.Towns., Kew Bull. 20: 97 (1966)

*subsp. negevense Zohary & Danin, Fl. Palaestina 2: 459 (1972) –🆂 NE [S]

subsp. poorei –🆂 NE [S]

Haplophyllum tuberculatum (Forssk.) A.Juss., Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 12: 528 (1825) –🅿 [N, O, M, D, R, GE, S]

*Ruta chalepensis L., Mant. Pl.: 69 (1767) –🅿 [S]

116. FRANKENIACEAE (1 genus, 2 taxa)

Frankenia hirsuta L., Sp. Pl., ed., 1, 1: 331 (1753) –🆂 [N, O, M, De, R, S]

Frankenia pulverulenta L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 332 (1753)

subsp. pulverulenta –🅰 [N, O, M, D, R, S]

117. TAMARICACEAE (2 genera, 14 taxa)

Reaumuria alternifolia (Labill.) Britten, J. Bot. 54: 110 (1916)

subsp. alternifolia –🆂 [D, S]

Reaumuria hirtella Jaub. & Spach, Ill. Pl. Orient. 3: 54 (1848).

var. brachylepis Zohary & Danin, Israel J. Bot. 19: 309 (1970) –🆂NE [S] var. hirtella –🆂NE [M, De, R, S]

var. palaestina (Boiss.) Zohary & Danin, Israel J. Bot. 19: 309 (1970) –🆂NE [N, M, De, S]

Reaumuria negevensis Zohary & Danin, Israel J. Bot. 19: 309 (1970) –🆂NE [S]

Reaumuria vermiculata L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: 1081 (1759) –🆂 [O (Uweinat), M, D, S]

Tamarix amplexicaulis Ehrenb., Linnaea 2(2): 275 (1827) –🆂 [N, O, D, R]

Tamarix aphylla (L.) H.Karst., Deut. Fl.: 641 (1882) –🆂/🆃 [N, O, M, D, R, GE, S]

*Tamarix arborea (Sieber ex Ehrenb.) Bunge, Tent. Gen. Tamar.: 67 (1852) –🆃 [N, O, M, De, R]

Tamarix macrocarpa (Ehrenb.) Bunge, Tent. Gen. Tamar.: 79 (1852) –🆂 [N, O, D, R, S]

*Tamarix mannifera (Ehrenb.) Bunge, Tent. Gen. Tamar.: 63 (1852) –🆂/🆃 [M, De, S]

Tamarix nilotica (Ehrenb.) Bunge, Tent. Gen. Tamar.: 54 (1852) –🆂/🆃 [N, O, M, D, R, GE, S]

Tamarix passerinoides Delile ex Decne., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. 4: 349 (1825) –🆂 [N, O, M, Dw, S]

Tamarix tetragyna Ehrenb., Linnaea 2(2): 257 (1827) –🆂 [N, O, M, De, R, S]

118. PLUMBAGINACEAE (3 genera, 14 taxa)

Limonium axillare (Forssk.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 395 (1891) –🆂 [M, R, GE, S]

Limonium bonduellei (T. Lestib.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 395 (1891).

[=Limonium sinuatum subsp. bonduellei (T. Lestib.) Sauvage & Vindt, Trav. Inst. Sci. Chérifien, sér. Bot. 4: 50 (1952)] –🅿 [M]

Limonium echioides (L.) Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8: n.° 11 (1768) –🅰 [M]

Limonium lobatum (L.f.) Chaz. in P.Miller, Suppl. Dict. Jard. 2: 36 (1790) –🅰 [M, S]

Limonium narbonense Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8: n.° (1768) –🅿 [N, M, D, S]

Limonium pruinosum (L.) Chaz. in P.Miller, Suppl. Dict. Jard. 2: 36 (1790).

[=var. pruinosum –🅿 [N, M, D, R, S]

[=var. hirtiflorum (Cavara) Täckh. ex Feinbrun, Fl. Palaestina 3: 11 (1978)] –🅿 [M, D, S]

Limonium scoparium (Pall. ex Willd.) H.Arnaud, Fl. Jard. 3: 303 (1849). [=Limonium meyeri (Boiss.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 395 (1891)] –🅿 [M]

Limonium sinuatum (L.) Mill, Gard. Dict., ed. 8: n.° 6 (1768).

subsp. sinuatum –🅿 [M]

subsp. romanum Täckh. & Boulos, Publ. Cairo Univ. Herb. 5: 90, t. 14 (1974) –🅿 E [M]

Limonium tubiflorum (Delile) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 396 (1891).

[=var. tubiflorum] –🅿 NE [M, Dw (south of Mersa Matruh)]

Limonium zanonii (Pamp.) Domina, Willdenowia 41: 131 (2011).

[=Limonium tubiflorum var. zanonii (Pamp.) Maire, Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N 29: 435 (1938)] –🅿

NE [M, Dw (south of Mersa Matruh)]

Limoniastrum guyonianum Durieu ex Boiss. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 12: 689 (1848) –🆂 NE [M]

Limoniastrum monopetalum (L.) Boiss. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 12: 689 (1848) –🆂 [N, M, R, S]

Plumbago zeylanica L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 151 (1753) –🆂 [GE]

119. POLYGONACEAE (7 genera and 35 taxa)

Atraphaxis spinosa L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 333 (1753)var.sinaica (Jaub. & Spach) Boiss., Fl. Orient. 4: 1021 (1879) –🆂 [De, S]

Calligonum comosum L’ Hér., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 1: 180 (1791).

[=Calligonum polygonoides L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 530 (1753) subsp. comosum (L’ Hér.) Soskov, Nov. Sist. Vyss. Rast. 12: 153(1975)] –🆂 [O, M, D, R, GE, S]

Calligonum polygonoides L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 530 (1753)

[=Calligonum polygonoides L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 530 (1753) subsp. polygonoides] –🆂 [N, S]

Fallopia convolvulus (L.) Á.Löve, Taxon 19: 300 (1970) –🅰 [N, M]

Oxygonum atriplicifolium (Meisn.) Martelli, Florula Bogos.: 69 (1886) –🅰 [GE]

Oxygonum sinuatum (Hochst. & Steud. ex Meisn.) Dammer in Engl. & Prantl., Pflanzenfam. III.,1. a: 30 (1892) – 🅰 [GE]

*Persicaria attenuata (R.Br.) Soják, Preslia 46 (2): 152 (1974) –🅿 [N, M]

Persicaria decipiens (R.Br.) K.L.Wilson, Telopea 3 (2): 178 (1988).

[=Persicaria salicifolia (Brouss. ex Willd.) Assenov, Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Bulgar 3: 243 (1966)] –🅿 [N, M, D]

Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) Delarbre, Fl. Auvergne (Delarbre), ed. 2: 519 (1800).

[=Persicaria lanigera (R.Br.) Soják, Preslia 46 (2): 153 (1974)] –🅿 [N, O][=Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 270 (1821)] –🅰 [N, M]

Persicaria limbata (Meisn.) H.Hara, Fl. E. Himalaya: 71 (1966) –🅿 [N, M]

Persicaria maculosa Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 269 (1821). var. maculosa –🅰 [N, M]

Persicaria obtusifolia (Täckh. & Boulos) Greuter & Burdet, Willdenowia 19 (1): 41 (1989) –🅿 E [N (Faiyum)]

Persicaria senegalensis (Meisn.) Soják, Preslia 46 (2): 155 (1974) –🅿 [N, M, De]

Polygonum arenastrum Boreau, Fl. Centre France, ed. 3, 2: 559 (1857) –🅰 [M, S]

*Polygonum argyrocoleon Steud. ex Kunze, Linnaea 20 (1): 17 (1847) –🅿 [N, O (Bahariya)]

Polygonum aviculare L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 362 (1753) –🅰 [N, M]

*Polygonum balansae Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 2, 4: 78 (1859) –🅿 [N, M]

Polygonum bellardii All., Fl. Pedem, 2: 207, t. 90, f. 2 (1785) –🅰 [N, O, M, S]

Polygonum equisetiforme Sm., Fl. Graec. Prodr. 1 (2): 266 (1809) –🅿 [N, O, M, D, S]

Polygonum maritimum L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 361 (1753) –🅿 [M]

*Polygonum patulum M.Bieb., Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 1: 304 (1808) –🅰 [N, O, M, De]

Polygonum plebeium R.Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland.:420 (1810) –🅰 [N, O, M, De]

Rumex aegyptiacus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 335 (1753) –🅰 E [N]

Rumex bucephalophorus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 336 (1753)

subsp. bucephalophorus –🅰 [S]

Rumex crispus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 335 (1753)

subsp. crispus –🅰 [N]

Rumex cyprius Murb., Acta Univ. Lund., ser. 2, 2 (4): 20 (1907)

subsp. cyprius –🅰 [M, De, GE, S]

Rumex dentatus L., Mant. Pl. Altera: 226 (1771).

subsp. dentatus –🅰 [N, M, Dw, S]

subsp. mesopotamicus Rech.f., Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 49 (2): 16 (1932) –🅰 [N, O, M, R, S]

Rumex pictus Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 77 (1775) –🅰 [N, M, Dw, S]

Rumex pulcher L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 336 (1753)

*subsp. anodontus (Hausskn.) Rech.f., Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 49 (2): 34 (1932) –🅰 [O]

subsp. pulcher –🅰 [O, M]

*Rumex roseus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 337 (1753) –🅰 [De, S]

Rumex simpliciflorus Murb., Acta Univ. Lund. 35 (3): 11 (1899)

subsp. simpliciflorus –🅰 [N, De, R, GE]

Rumex spinosus L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 337 (1753) [=Emex spinosa (L.) Campd., Monogr. Rumex: 58, t. 1, f.1 (1819)] –🅰 [N, O, M, D, S]

Rumex vesicarius L., Sp. Pl., ed. 1, 1: 336 (1753) – [N, M, D, R, GE, S]

4. Discussion

Since Täckholm has established the first checklist on 1974, many floristic studies have been conducted in Egypt, where 419 species have been added to the Egyptian flora. Furthermore, the radical changes adopted by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG IV, 2016) in taxonomic classification of families and genera, highlighted the necessity of updating the floristic status and taxonomic knowledge of the Egyptian vascular flora.

Recently, many checklists of native vascular plants have been published, as in Jordan by Taifour et al. (2016); Libya by Gawhari et al. (2018); Italy by Bartolucci et al. (2018); Mongolia by Baasanmunkh et al. (2022).

The previous checklists of vascular plants in Egypt (Täckholm, 1974; El Hadidi and Fayed, 1994/95; Boulos, 1995; Boulos, 2009) listed both native and non-native taxa; however, there were no specific remarks for non-native taxa. Many weed species have recently been introduced into Egypt and are now completely naturalized.

This work provides a comprehensive review to the latest checklist of the Egyptian vascular plants conducted by Boulos (2009). There were 2,317 native taxa from 746 genera and 129 families listed by Boulos (2009), while the numbers have increased in the current checklist to be 2,499 vascular taxa native or naturalized (escaped from cultivation) from 653 genera and 119 families. Change in absolute species numbers appeared to be minor due to high number of synonymization, even after the new species that have been added to the flora of Egypt.

The name of 32 family, 70 genera and 410 species has been changed in this work (App. 1). In addition, one new family (Cannabaceae), 23 new genera, 189 new species, 61 new subspecies, and 41 new varieties were not reported by Boulos (2009) and are added to the Egyptian flora in the current work based on recent studies. For example, the genus Cruciata Mill. (Rubiaceae) was collected twice by Reno Muschler from El Kantarah in 1903 and Abu Sir in 1906 (Abdel-Khalik and Bakker, 2007), as well Shaheen (2008) recorded the genus Desmodium Desv. in the Nile valley. Many publications by different authors confirm the existence of new taxa depending on extensive fieldworks and taxonomic revisions of herbarium specimens. Some of these taxa are identified as new species, and some are invasive (Shaltout et al., 2016; El-Beheiry et al., 2020). The first checklist of alien species in Egypt was recently published by El Beheiry et al. (2020). The study of the degree of invasiveness in the country is an important topic due to the direct and indirect effects on the native communities.

On the other hand, some genera were listed by Boulos (2009) while omitted from Egyptian flora based on recent studies (Zareh, 2005; Heneidak, 2008). In this work, 52 plant species are excluded from the checklist as the majority of them are cultivated for ornamental or medical purposes or used as fodder (Table 3). Some genera like the genus Pteris L. (Pteridaceae) have not been confirmed in the country in recent times as it was introduced as an ornamental plant in khedivial gardens and never being naturalized.

Concerning the endemism, Egypt has a relatively small number of endemic vascular plants, representing about 3% of the country’s total flora (Abd El Ghani et al., 2024). In this study, the authors revised the endemic status of each taxon (with the help of several resources Euro+Med PlantBase, POWO, WFO and GBIF), and adopted 74 endemic taxa grouped in 30 families and 67 genera, while excluded 13 taxa from Boulos’ checklist (2009) due to their distribution in neighboring countries (App. 3). As for the near-endemic taxa, this study provides a revised list compared to Boulos (2009) and the last study of near-endemic in Egypt conducted by Abd El Ghani et al. (2024). The list comprises 215 taxa, 106 taxa were added by Abd El Ghani et al. (2024), while authors in this work added 13 taxa neither mentioned in Boulos’ checklist (2009) nor in Abd El Ghani et al. (2024). On the other hand, authors excluded 10 taxa reported as near-endemic in Boulos’ checklist due to their distribution in different countries all over the world or their restriction to Egypt (App. 4). Notably, the Sinai Peninsula occupies the highest percentage of the total endemics (39 taxa) and near-endemics (150 taxa) of Egypt (Table 2, Figure 3) which reflects its unique nature and diverse habitats resulted in a high species richness.

5. Conclusions

Data changes summarized above confirm that the Egyptian flora needs this significant updating. These changes in the Egyptian floristic nature are certainly attributed to climatic changes and habitat destruction that result in extinction of some species and appearance of other new ones. We believe that this updating checklist will serve as an essential background and reference for scientists and students interested in the Egyptian flora, and also for conservation projects in Egypt.