Livanou, M.E.; Nikolaidou, V.; Skouras, V.; Fiste, O.; Kotteas, E. Efficacy of NSCLC Rechallenge with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Following Disease Progression or Relapse. Cancers2024, 16, 1196.
Livanou, M.E.; Nikolaidou, V.; Skouras, V.; Fiste, O.; Kotteas, E. Efficacy of NSCLC Rechallenge with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Following Disease Progression or Relapse. Cancers 2024, 16, 1196.
Livanou, M.E.; Nikolaidou, V.; Skouras, V.; Fiste, O.; Kotteas, E. Efficacy of NSCLC Rechallenge with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Following Disease Progression or Relapse. Cancers2024, 16, 1196.
Livanou, M.E.; Nikolaidou, V.; Skouras, V.; Fiste, O.; Kotteas, E. Efficacy of NSCLC Rechallenge with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Following Disease Progression or Relapse. Cancers 2024, 16, 1196.
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI’s) are in the forefront of advanced Non Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) treatment. Still, only 27- 46% of patients respond to initial therapy with ICI’s and of those, up to 65% develop resistance within four years. After disease progression (PD), treatment options are limited, with 10% Objective Response Rate (ORR) to second or third-line chemotherapy. In this context, ICI rechallenge is an appealing option for NSCLC. Most data on the efficacy of ICI rechallenge are based on retrospective real-world studies of small, heavily pretreated, and heterogeneous patient groups. Despite these limitations, these studies suggest that ICI monotherapy rechallenge in unselected NSCLC patient populations who discontinued initial ICI due to PD is generally ineffective, with a median Progression-Free Survival (PFS) of 1.6-3.1 months and a Disease Control Rate (DCR) of 21.4%-41.6%. However, there is a subpopulation that benefits from this strategy, and further characterization of this subgroup is essential. Furthermore, immunotherapy rechallenge in patients who discontinued initial immunotherapy following treatment protocol completion and progressed after an immunotherapy-free interval showed promising efficacy, with a DCR of 75-81%, according to post-hoc analyses of several clinical trials. Future research of ICI rechallenge for NSCLC should focus on better patient stratification, to reflect the underlying biology of immunotherapy resistance more accurately.
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
,
