Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

An Untargeted Metabolomic Analysis of Lactobacillus (L.) rhamnosus, L. acidophilus, L. plantarum and L. reuteri Reveals an Upregulated Production of Inosine from L. rhamnosus

Luca Spaggiari
ORCID logo ,
Natalia Pedretti
,
Francesco Ricchi
,
Diego Pinetti
,
Giuseppina Campisciano
,
Francesco De Seta
ORCID logo ,
Manola Comar
,
Samyr Kenno
,
Andrea Ardizzoni
,
Eva Pericolini
* ORCID logo
Version 1 : Received: 6 February 2024 / Approved: 6 February 2024 / Online: 6 February 2024 (17:13:12 CET)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Spaggiari, L.; Pedretti, N.; Ricchi, F.; Pinetti, D.; Campisciano, G.; De Seta, F.; Comar, M.; Kenno, S.; Ardizzoni, A.; Pericolini, E. An Untargeted Metabolomic Analysis of Lacticaseibacillus (L.) rhamnosus, Lactobacillus (L.) acidophilus, Lactiplantibacillus (L.) plantarum and Limosilactobacillus (L.) reuteri Reveals an Upregulated Production of Inosine from L. rhamnosus. Microorganisms 2024, 12, 662. Spaggiari, L.; Pedretti, N.; Ricchi, F.; Pinetti, D.; Campisciano, G.; De Seta, F.; Comar, M.; Kenno, S.; Ardizzoni, A.; Pericolini, E. An Untargeted Metabolomic Analysis of Lacticaseibacillus (L.) rhamnosus, Lactobacillus (L.) acidophilus, Lactiplantibacillus (L.) plantarum and Limosilactobacillus (L.) reuteri Reveals an Upregulated Production of Inosine from L. rhamnosus. Microorganisms 2024, 12, 662.

Abstract

Lactobacilli are considered an inexhaustible source of potentially bioactive substances; indeed, several products from their metabolism are known to have immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activity. Recently, we demonstrated that cell-free supernatants (CFS) obtained from Lactobacillus (L.) acidophilus, L. plantarum, L. rhamnosus and L. reuteri can impair Candida pathogenic potential in an in vitro model of epithelial vaginal infection. This effect could be ascribed to a direct effect of living lactobacilli on Candida virulence and to the production of metabolites which are able to impair fungal virulence. In the present work, stemming from those data, we deepened our knowledge on the CFS from these 4 lactobacilli by performing a metabolomic analysis to better characterize their composition. By using an untargeted metabolomic approach, we detected consistent differences in the metabolites produced by these four different lactobacilli. Interestingly, L. rhamnosus showed the most peculiar metabolic profile. Specifically, after a hierarchical clustering analysis in positive and negative ionization mode, L. rhamnosus showed a specific area of significant overexpressed metabolites that strongly differed from the same area in other lactobacilli. In this area, inosine was identified among the overexpressed metabolites of L. rhamnosus. This molecule has been described to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-infective and neuroprotective properties. The biological significance of its overproduction by L. rhamnosus might be important in its probiotic and/or postbiotic activity.

Keywords

L. rhamnosus (L. RHA) metabolome; inosine; untargeted metabolomics

Subject

Biology and Life Sciences, Biology and Biotechnology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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