Version 1
: Received: 24 November 2023 / Approved: 27 November 2023 / Online: 27 November 2023 (11:11:22 CET)
How to cite:
Sane, S.; Tene, S.D.; Diouara, A.A.M.; Coundoul, S.; Mbengue, M.; Dieye, Y. Bacterial Community in Fresh Fruits and Vegetables Sold in Streets and Open-Air Markets of Dakar, Senegal. Preprints2023, 2023111652. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202311.1652.v1
Sane, S.; Tene, S.D.; Diouara, A.A.M.; Coundoul, S.; Mbengue, M.; Dieye, Y. Bacterial Community in Fresh Fruits and Vegetables Sold in Streets and Open-Air Markets of Dakar, Senegal. Preprints 2023, 2023111652. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202311.1652.v1
Sane, S.; Tene, S.D.; Diouara, A.A.M.; Coundoul, S.; Mbengue, M.; Dieye, Y. Bacterial Community in Fresh Fruits and Vegetables Sold in Streets and Open-Air Markets of Dakar, Senegal. Preprints2023, 2023111652. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202311.1652.v1
APA Style
Sane, S., Tene, S.D., Diouara, A.A.M., Coundoul, S., Mbengue, M., & Dieye, Y. (2023). Bacterial Community in Fresh Fruits and Vegetables Sold in Streets and Open-Air Markets of Dakar, Senegal. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202311.1652.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Sane, S., Malick Mbengue and Yakhya Dieye. 2023 "Bacterial Community in Fresh Fruits and Vegetables Sold in Streets and Open-Air Markets of Dakar, Senegal" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202311.1652.v1
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the microbiological quality of set of fruits and vegetables sold on stalls in the streets and open markets of Dakar, the capital city of Senegal. Samples purchased in seven sites were analyzed to isolate E. coli, Salmonella spp. and Vibrio spp. Some primary samples with a positive microbiological culture were subjected to DNA extraction and subsequent metagenomic analysis. A total of 240 fresh fruit and vegetable samples were collected including lettuce (n=40), tomatoes (n=40), mango slices (n=40), onion slices (n=40), mint leaves (n=40), strawberries and grapes (respectively n=20). Of these samples, 50.83% (122/240) and 60.41% (145/240) was contaminated with Escherichia coli and Vibrio spp. respectively, while Salmonella was not isolated in any product. Levels of contamination with both E. coli (1.3 103 to 6 106 CFU/g) and Vibrio spp. (4.55 102 to 8.73 106 CFU/g) were significantly above the thresholds acceptable for human consumption. The most contaminated samples were lettuce with a prevalence of 98% (39/40) for E. coli and for Vibrio spp. followed by mint leaves with 100% (40/40) and 93% (37/40) of the samples containing for E. coli and Vibrio spp. respectively. Out of 46 samples sequenced, metagenomic analysis revealed high contamination rates for E. coli, Vibrio spp. and Salmonella spp. with 100%, 67.39% and 93.47% of prevalence respectively. On the other hand, the alpha diversity analysis shows a high bacterial diversity in lettuce and mint leaf samples while beta diversity analysis highlighted the presence of two major clusters. Our results stress the need of a surveillance system that extends this investigation to a national scale while increasing the number of sampling sites and products analyzed.
Keywords
Food safety; Fresh fruits and vegetables; E. coli; Vibrio spp; Salmonella spp; metagenomic
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Biology and Biotechnology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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