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A peer-reviewed article of this preprint also exists.
This version is not peer-reviewed
Submitted:
18 October 2023
Posted:
19 October 2023
You are already at the latest version
∂M | Deposition density (g/m2) |
∆m | Weight of dust collected (gm) |
Ac | Area of module surface (m2) |
AOD | Aerosol optical depth |
Cd | Particle mass concentration |
E | Energy (J) |
FF | Fill factor |
G | Irradiance over PV module surface |
G0 | Irradiance at Standard Test Conditions (STC) |
Isc | Short circuit current (A) |
Isc at STC of the dusty module (A) | |
Isc at STC of the clean module (A) | |
Isc of the clean PV module (A) | |
Md MSE |
Dust accumulation density (g/m2) Maximum mean squared error |
PM | Particulate Matter (PMx) |
Pmax | Maximum power (W) |
Maximum power at clean condition (W) | |
Maximum power of the soiled PV module (W) | |
Pout | Output power (W) |
RM | Relative humidity |
SEM | Scanning Electron Microscope |
SR | Soiling Ratio |
SRIsc | Short circuit current on soiling (A) |
SRPmax | Maximum power output on soiling (W) |
T | Transmission of light |
cleaned module temperature (°C) | |
soiled module temperature (°C) | |
T0 | Temperature at 25°C |
Ti | Cleaning interval time (Day) |
Vd | Dust deposition velocity (m/s) |
Voc | Open circuit voltage |
α | Short-circuit temperature correction coefficient |
γ | Maximum power temperature correction coefficient |
η | Efficiency PV module (%) |
Dust Types | Measured particle sizes (in µm) | Reference particle sizes (in µm) | References |
---|---|---|---|
Cement | 10 | 10 | [50] |
Soil | 128.466 | 100-300 | [52] |
Sand | 230.50 | 250 | [52] |
Salt (NaCl) | 3191 | >210 | [50] |
Gypsum | 18.332 | <60 | [52] |
Ash | 9.696 | <10 | [52] |
Experiment Sites (Latitude & Longitude) | Climate | Mounting configuration | Experiment Period (days) | Observed Parameter | Observed loss (%) | References |
Jordan, (32.1029° N, 36.1811° E) | Subtropical arid | 26° South | 179 | ηav/day | 0.768 | [69] |
Spain, (36.8°N, 2.4°W) | Mild oceanic | 22° South | 230 | Isc | 15 | [70] |
Saudi Arabia (24.71°°N, 46.72°E) | Desert | Solar tracking | 30 | Isc | 35 | [71] |
Pakistan (33.766°N, 72.8232°E) | Continental | 15° South | 30 | T | 60(Coal dust) 31(Module dust) |
[72] |
Kuwait (29.36°N, 47.97°E) | Desert | 30° South | 420 | Pout | 55 | [73] |
Arequipa (16.40°S, 71.53°W) | Subtropical desert | 16° South | 730 | E | ≈8 | [74] |
Nigeria (12.5°N,4.3°E) | Tropical semi-arid | 12.5° South | 120 | Pmax | 60 | [75] |
Jeddah (21.4933°N, 39.2391°E) | Desert | 10° South | 20 | E | 27 | [76] |
Saudi Arabia(26.28°N,50.11°E) | Desert | 26° South | 180 | η | 60 | [13] |
Nigeria (12.5°N,4.3°E) | Tropical semi-arid | 13° South | 14 | Isc | 4.7 | [77] |
Thailand (16.8211° N, 100.2659° E) | Semi-arid | 17° East | 60 | Isc | 2.83-6.03 | [78] |
Bahrain (26.17°N, 50.54°E) | Desert | 0° | 60 | Isc | 41.4 | [79] |
Northern Poland (54.37°N, 18.62°E) | Moderate | 34° | 365 | η | 10 | [80] |
Atacama Desert (23.8634°S, 69.1328°W) | Desert | 20° South | 365 | Isc | 15-55 | [81] |
Spain (36.8296°N, 2.4048° W) | Mediterranean | 22° South | >30 | E | 10 | [82] |
India (22.57°N, 88.36°E) | Tropical wet-and-dry | 20° South | 30 | η | 43.3 | [83] |
Iran (35.69° N, 51.42°E) | Cold semi-arid | 45° South | 8 | Pout | 43 | [17] |
Egypt (28.07°N, 30.76°E) | Subtropical | 20°,40°,60°, South | 30 | T | 11-21 | [44] |
Egypt (29.84°N, 31.33°E) | Arid | 15° Northeast | 210 | T | 20.9 | [84] |
Palestine (32.370°N, 35.108° E) | Mediterranean | 29° South | 365 | Pout | 13.1 | [85] |
Cairo (30.0444°N, 31.2357°E) | Desert | 20° South | 21 |
Isc Voc |
268 | [86] |
UAE (24.9°N and 55.5°E) | Desert | 22° South | 90 | Pout | 13 | [87] |
Greece (37.98°N, 23.72°E) | Hot summerMediterranean | 30° South | 60 | E | 6.5 | [88] |
Kuwait (29.3117° N, 47.4818° E) | Desert | 30° North | 365 | T | 5 | [89] |
Mexico (29.09 °-110.96°) | Desert | Sun tracker | 20 | Pout | 8.5 | [2] |
Santiago, Chile (33.4489° S, 70.6693° W) | Mild | 32°South | 365 | Pout | 1.29-2.77 | [90] |
Saudi Arabia (30.98°N ,41°E) | Continental | 31° North | 10 | Isc | 27.8 | [91] |
UAE (24.46°N, 54.36°E) | Desert | 25° South | 18 | Pout | 13 | [92] |
Italy (40.79°N, 17.10°E) | Mediterranean | 25° South | 240 | Pout | 6.9 | [61] |
Qatar (27.92°N,15.54°W) | Desert | 28° South | 180 | Pout | 43 | [93] |
China (49.7448°N and 116° 21’ 49.0500’’ E) | Simulator | 50° tilt | On 22 g/m2 dust | η | 26 | [62] |
Northern Nigeria (11° 59’ 02.1’’N, 8° 28’ 52.5’’E) | Tropical semi-arid | 12° South | 365 | η | 78 | [94] |
Libya (26.33°N, 17.22°E) | Desert | 40° North | 120 | Pout | 2.5 | [95] |
Bangladesh (23.70°N, 90.40°E) | Tropical | 23.5° South | 30 | Isc | 33 | [96] |
Arabia (26.28° N,50.11°E) | Desert | 30° South | 30 | Pout | 5.9 | [97] |
Nigeria (8.13°N, 4.25°E) | Tropical | 0° | 70 | Pout | 25 | [98] |
Spain (36.72°N, 4.42°W) | Hot summerMediterranean | 30° South | 365 | E | 20 | [99] |
China (37.87°N,112.56° E) | Semi-arid | 45° South | 14 | Pout | 18.2 | [100] |
Cyprus (34.70°N, 33.02°E) | Mediterranean | 31° South | 70 | Pout | 8 | [101] |
USA (37.42° N, 120.59°W) | Desert | 25° South | 480 | Isc | 8.6 | [102] |
Saudi Arabia (26.28°N, 50.11°E) | Desert | 26° South | 240 | Pmax | 45.4 | [47] |
Spain (36.72°N, 4.42°W) | Hot summerMediterranean | 21° South | 300 | Isc | 12.5 | [103] |
Egypt (26.8206° N, 30.8025° E) | Hot summer | 27° South | 120 | η | 50 | [104] |
Toluca, México (19° 21’ 54.36” N ; 99° 9’ 24.84W) | Cold, Mild | 20.3° South | 60, 365 | η | 15,3.6 | [105] |
India, latitude 12.97°N, longitude 77.56°E). | Semi-arid | 13° South | 30 | Isc | 4-5 | [54] |
UK (55.3781° N, 3.4360° W) | Mediterranean | 55° North | 30 | T | 5-6 | [18] |
Senegal, (12.5°& 16.5°North latitude and 12°and 17°West longitude) | Tropical | 4.43° North | 365 | Pmax | 2.6 | [106] |
Algeria (28.0339° N, 1.6596° E) | Desert | 32° South | 210 | T | 8 | [107] |
Northern Poland | Indoor | 37° tilt | 365 | Pmax | 3 | [108] |
Gurgaon, India (28° 37’N,77°14’ E) | Composite climate | 28° South | 365 | Voc& FF, Isc &Pmax | 1.4 & 2.6, 1.8 & 4.1 | [109] |
Kathmandu, Nepal (27° 40’51’’N,85° 14’29’’E) | Composite climate, Dry winter | 27° North | 150 | η | 29.76 | [110] |
Perth, Western Australia (31.95°S & 115.85°E) | Temperate climate | 32° South | 365 | Pmax | 2.3-2.7 | [111] |
Oman (Northern) (16°40’, 26°20’) N, (51°50’, 59°40’) E | Tropical Desert | 16° North | 90 | Pmax | 40 | [112] |
Dhahran (Saudi Arabia) (26.2361° N, 50.0393° E) | Desert | 26° North | 7 | η | 7.34 | [64] |
Doha, Qatar (25.2854° N, 51.5310° E) | Semi-Arid | 25° North | 150 | Pmax | 30 | [113] |
Ispra, Northern Italy (45° 48’ 43.4’ N - 8° 37’ 37.4’ E) | Moderate Subtropical | 45° North | 10950 | Pmax, Isc | 19.4, 6.7 | [63] |
Surabaya, Indonesia (7.2575° S, 112.7521° E) | Tropical Savannah | 7° &23°, South | 14 | Pmax | 10.8; in dry season. | [29] |
Baghdad, Iraq (33.3152° N, 44.3661° E) | Desert | 30˚North | 7 | Isc | 6.9- 16.4 | [114] |
Atacama Desert (23.8634° S, 69.1328° W) | Desert | 24° South | 120 | T | 55 | [115] |
China (49.7448’’ N and 116° 21’ 49.0500’’ E) | Semi-arid | 45° South | 8 | T | 20 | [116] |
Minas Gerais, Brazil (18.5122°S, 44.5550°W) | Tropical | 8° South | 43 | Pmax | 6.5-13.7 | [117] |
Tehran, Iran (35.6892°N, 51.3890° E) | Cold semi-arid | 35° North | 70 | Pmax | 21.47 | [118] |
Doha Qatar (25.2854° N, 51.5310° E) | Desert | 22° North | 01 | Pmax | 0.5 | [119] |
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