On the Interpretation of Cosmic Acceleration

Enrique Gaztanaga

doi:10.20944/preprints202309.0873.v4

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preprints.org > physical sciences > astronomy and astrophysics > doi: 10.20944/preprints202309.0873.v4

Preprint Article Version 4 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

On the Interpretation of Cosmic Acceleration

Enrique Gaztanaga

Version 1 : Received: 7 September 2023 / Approved: 13 September 2023 / Online: 13 September 2023 (10:05:21 CEST)
Version 2 : Received: 18 September 2023 / Approved: 18 September 2023 / Online: 25 September 2023 (04:49:46 CEST)
Version 3 : Received: 6 January 2024 / Approved: 8 January 2024 / Online: 8 January 2024 (06:37:58 CET)
Version 4 : Received: 27 January 2024 / Approved: 29 January 2024 / Online: 29 January 2024 (04:48:12 CET)
Version 5 : Received: 11 April 2024 / Approved: 11 April 2024 / Online: 12 April 2024 (04:53:47 CEST)

How to cite: Gaztanaga, E. On the Interpretation of Cosmic Acceleration. Preprints 2023, 2023090873. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202309.0873.v4 Gaztanaga, E. On the Interpretation of Cosmic Acceleration. Preprints 2023, 2023090873. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202309.0873.v4

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MDPI and ACS Style

Gaztanaga, E. On the Interpretation of Cosmic Acceleration. Preprints 2023, 2023090873. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202309.0873.v4

APA Style

Gaztanaga, E. (2024). On the Interpretation of Cosmic Acceleration. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202309.0873.v4

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gaztanaga, E. 2024 "On the Interpretation of Cosmic Acceleration" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202309.0873.v4

Abstract

The usual cosmic acceleration concept, labeled as $q$, is based on distances in a 3D space-like coordinate, representing events that lack causal connection. While using $q$ isn't inherently wrong, it requires extending observations (such as luminosity distance) into non-observable territories, leading to an inaccurate interpretation of the physics behind the observations. For a correct interpretation, we propose a new measure, $q_E$, based on the distance between causal events in 4D null space. We compare $q_E$ and the standard $q$ using data from supernovae (SN) and radial galaxy/QSO clustering (BAO). The usual $q$ analysis shows tension between SN and BAO, but this tension vanishes with $q_E$, indicating that our new definition better aligns with observations. The data indicates that cosmic expansion is actually decelerating, with events seemingly enclosed within an Event Horizon, similar to the interior of a Black Hole. Instead of a new dark energy or modified Gravity, it appears that $\Lambda$ acts as a boundary force causing an attractive force, akin to a rubber band preventing further expansion. Thus, contrary to common belief, it's more accurate to interpret current measurements of cosmic expansion as deceleration rather than acceleration.

Keywords

Cosmology; Dark Energy; General Relativity; Black Holes; Cosmological Constant

Subject

Physical Sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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