Fishta, M.; Raviola, E.; Fiori, F. From Radio to In-Pipe Acoustic Communication for Smart Water Networks in Urban Environments: Design Challenges and Future Trends. Information2023, 14, 544.
Fishta, M.; Raviola, E.; Fiori, F. From Radio to In-Pipe Acoustic Communication for Smart Water Networks in Urban Environments: Design Challenges and Future Trends. Information 2023, 14, 544.
Fishta, M.; Raviola, E.; Fiori, F. From Radio to In-Pipe Acoustic Communication for Smart Water Networks in Urban Environments: Design Challenges and Future Trends. Information2023, 14, 544.
Fishta, M.; Raviola, E.; Fiori, F. From Radio to In-Pipe Acoustic Communication for Smart Water Networks in Urban Environments: Design Challenges and Future Trends. Information 2023, 14, 544.
Abstract
The smart management of water resources is an increasingly important topic in today's society. In this context, the paradigm of Smart Water Grids (SWGs) aims at a constant monitoring through a network of smart nodes deployed over the water distribution infrastructure. In such a way, a continuous assessment of water quality and state of health of the pipeline infrastructure can be achieved, allowing an early detection of leaks and water contamination. Acoustic wave-based technology has arisen as a viable communication technique among the nodes of the network. Such technology can be suitable to replace traditional wireless networks in SWGs, as the acoustic channel is intrinsically embedded in the water supply network. However, the fluid-filled pipe is one of the most challenging media to be employed for data communication. This paper aims at reviewing those works dealing with acoustic-based communication networks in real large-scale urban water supply networks. An overview on the characteristics, trends and design challenges of existing works is provided as a guideline for future research.
Keywords
Acoustic wave communication; channel characterization; data transmission; underwater communication; urban water supply system; guided wave propagation
Subject
Engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
