Ivanova, N.; Ermenlieva, N.; Simeonova, L.; Kolev, I.; Slavov, I.; Karashanova, D.; Andonova, V. Chlorhexidine–Silver Nanoparticle Conjugation Leading to Antimicrobial Synergism but Enhanced Cytotoxicity. Pharmaceutics2023, 15, 2298.
Ivanova, N.; Ermenlieva, N.; Simeonova, L.; Kolev, I.; Slavov, I.; Karashanova, D.; Andonova, V. Chlorhexidine–Silver Nanoparticle Conjugation Leading to Antimicrobial Synergism but Enhanced Cytotoxicity. Pharmaceutics 2023, 15, 2298.
Ivanova, N.; Ermenlieva, N.; Simeonova, L.; Kolev, I.; Slavov, I.; Karashanova, D.; Andonova, V. Chlorhexidine–Silver Nanoparticle Conjugation Leading to Antimicrobial Synergism but Enhanced Cytotoxicity. Pharmaceutics2023, 15, 2298.
Ivanova, N.; Ermenlieva, N.; Simeonova, L.; Kolev, I.; Slavov, I.; Karashanova, D.; Andonova, V. Chlorhexidine–Silver Nanoparticle Conjugation Leading to Antimicrobial Synergism but Enhanced Cytotoxicity. Pharmaceutics 2023, 15, 2298.
Abstract
This study explored the potential synergism within chlorhexidine-silver nanoparticles conjugates against Influenza type A, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. Silver nanoparticles (SN) were obtained by the reduction of silver ions with green tea total phenolic extract and conjugated with chlorhexidine (Cx). The particles were characterized by UV-Vis and FTIR spectroscopies, dynamic light scattering, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. A stable negatively-charged nano-silver colloid (ζ=-50.01) was obtained with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 92.34 nm. In the presence of chlorhexidine, the spectral data and the shift of the zeta potential to positive values (ζ=+44.59) revealed the successful sorption of the drug onto the silver surface. The conjugates (SN-Cx) demonstrated potentiation in the effects against S. aureus and C. albicans, and synergism against E. coli with minimal inhibitory concentrations of SN 5.5 µg/mL+Cx 8.8 µg/mL. The SN showed excellent, increasing with time, virucidal properties, and low toxicity. The coupling of the cationic chlorhexidine with nano-silver, however, did not reduce its intrinsic cytotoxicity on various cell lines (MDCK, BJ, and А549). The newly-synthesized antimicrobial agent presented with an extended and promising therapeutic spectrum and needs to be further evaluated on relevant to the designated route of administration three-dimensional cell models (e.g., nasal, bronchial, dermal, ocular, etc.).
Keywords
silver nanoparticles; chlorhexidine; conjunction; complexation; surface functionalization; nano-scaled drug delivery; antimicrobial synergism; antiviral activity; Camellia sinensis catechins; green synthesis
Subject
Medicine and Pharmacology, Pharmacy
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
