Fallone, L.; Walzer, T.; Marçais, A. Signaling Pathways Leading to mTOR Activation Downstream Cytokine Receptors in Lymphocytes in Health and Disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci.2023, 24, 12736.
Fallone, L.; Walzer, T.; Marçais, A. Signaling Pathways Leading to mTOR Activation Downstream Cytokine Receptors in Lymphocytes in Health and Disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 12736.
Fallone, L.; Walzer, T.; Marçais, A. Signaling Pathways Leading to mTOR Activation Downstream Cytokine Receptors in Lymphocytes in Health and Disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci.2023, 24, 12736.
Fallone, L.; Walzer, T.; Marçais, A. Signaling Pathways Leading to mTOR Activation Downstream Cytokine Receptors in Lymphocytes in Health and Disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 12736.
Abstract
CD8 T cells and Natural Killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes important in the response to intracellular pathogens and cancer. Their activity depends on the integration of a large set of intracellular and environmental cues, including antigenic signal, cytokine stimulation and nutrients availability. This integration is achieved by signaling hubs such as the mechanistic target of Rapamycin (mTOR). mTOR is a conserved protein kinase, controlling cellular growth and metabolism in eukaryotic cells and therefore is essential for lymphocyte development and maturation. However, our current understanding of mTOR signaling comes mostly from studies performed in transformed cell lines, which constitute a poor model to comprehend metabolic pathway regulation. Therefore, it is only quite recently that the regulation of mTOR in primary cells has been assessed. Here we review the signaling pathways leading to mTOR activation in CD8 T and NK cells, focusing on activation by cytokines. We also discussed how this knowledge can contribute to immunotherapy development for intracellular pathogen and cancer treatment.
Keywords
mTOR; CD8 T cell; NK cell; cytokine signaling
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
