Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

A Revision of the Mexicana Species-Group of Encarsia (=Dirphys Howard) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), Gregarious Endoparasitoids of Whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in the Neotropical Region

Andrew Polaszek
* ORCID logo ,
Estrella Hernández-Suárez
ORCID logo ,
Robert Luke Kresslein
ORCID logo ,
Paul E. Hanson
,
Yvonne M. Linton
,
Jacqueline MacKenzie-Dodds
ORCID logo ,
Stefan Schmidt
ORCID logo
Version 1 : Received: 13 May 2023 / Approved: 15 May 2023 / Online: 15 May 2023 (12:06:35 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Polaszek, A.; Hernández-Suárez, E.; Kresslein, R.L.; Hanson, P.; Linton, Y.M.; MacKenzie-Dodds, J.; Schmidt, S. A revision of the Encarsia mexicana species-group (=Dirphys Howard) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), gregarious endoparasitoids of whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in the Neotropical Region †. Insects 2023, 14, 570. Polaszek, A.; Hernández-Suárez, E.; Kresslein, R.L.; Hanson, P.; Linton, Y.M.; MacKenzie-Dodds, J.; Schmidt, S. A revision of the Encarsia mexicana species-group (=Dirphys Howard) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), gregarious endoparasitoids of whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in the Neotropical Region †. Insects 2023, 14, 570.

Abstract

The genus Dirphys Howard is synonymized with Encarsia Förster syn. n. and treated as a species-group of Encarsia, referred to henceforth as the Encarsia mexicana species-group. The monophyly of Encarsia is discussed in relation to Dirphys. The new synonymy is based on phylogenetic analyses of the nuclear ribosomal 28S-D2 gene region (43 taxa, 510 bp). The Encarsia mexicana species-group is recovered as strongly monophyletic within Encarsia. All species of the Encarsia mexicana species-group are revised. The group includes six previously described species, and fourteen newly described species. All species are described (or redescribed) and illustrated. Detailed distributional data, and, where available, plant associate and host records are provided for all species. Encarsia myartsevae Kresslein & Polaszek nom. nov. is here proposed as a replacement name for Encarsia mexicana Myartseva, now preoccupied by Encarsia mexicana (Howard). A dichotomous identification key, supplemented by an online multiple-entry key, is provided for all species.

Keywords

Aleyrodidae; Aleurodicinae; parasitoid; biological control; New World

Subject

Biology and Life Sciences, Insect Science

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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