Version 1
: Received: 8 September 2022 / Approved: 13 September 2022 / Online: 13 September 2022 (02:33:37 CEST)
Version 2
: Received: 22 February 2023 / Approved: 23 February 2023 / Online: 23 February 2023 (02:56:41 CET)
Jeger, M. J.; Fielder, H.; Beale, T.; Szyniszewska, A.; Parnell, S.; Cunniffe, N. J. What Can Be Learnt by a Synoptic Review of Plant Disease Epidemics and Outbreaks Published in 2021? Phytopathology®, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1094/phyto-02-23-0069-ia.
Jeger, M. J.; Fielder, H.; Beale, T.; Szyniszewska, A.; Parnell, S.; Cunniffe, N. J. What Can Be Learnt by a Synoptic Review of Plant Disease Epidemics and Outbreaks Published in 2021? Phytopathology®, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1094/phyto-02-23-0069-ia.
Jeger, M. J.; Fielder, H.; Beale, T.; Szyniszewska, A.; Parnell, S.; Cunniffe, N. J. What Can Be Learnt by a Synoptic Review of Plant Disease Epidemics and Outbreaks Published in 2021? Phytopathology®, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1094/phyto-02-23-0069-ia.
Jeger, M. J.; Fielder, H.; Beale, T.; Szyniszewska, A.; Parnell, S.; Cunniffe, N. J. What Can Be Learnt by a Synoptic Review of Plant Disease Epidemics and Outbreaks Published in 2021? Phytopathology®, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1094/phyto-02-23-0069-ia.
Abstract
A synoptic review of plant disease epidemics and outbreaks was made using two complementary approaches. The first approach involved reviewing scientific literature published in 2021, in which quantitative data related to new plant disease epidemics or outbreaks were obtained via surveys or similar methodologies. The second approach involved retrieving new records added in 2021 to the CABI Distribution Database, which contains over a million global geographic records of organisms from over 50,000 species. The literature review retrieved 186 articles, describing studies in 62 categories (pathogen species/species complexes) across >40 host species on 6 continents. Pathogen species with >5 articles were: Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, cassava mosaic viruses, citrus tristeza virus, Erwinia amylovora, Fusarium spp. complexes, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, Magnaporthe oryzae, maize lethal necrosis co-infecting viruses, Meloidogyne spp. complexes, Pseudomonas syringae pvs, Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, Xylella fastidiosa, and Zymoseptoria tritici. Automated searches of the CABI Distribution Database identified 617 distribution records new in 2021 of 283 plant pathogens. A further manual review of these records confirmed 15 pathogens reported in new locations: apple hammerhead viroid, apple rubbery wood viruses, Aphelenchoides besseyi, Biscogniauxia mediterranea, Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus, citrus tristeza virus, Colletotrichum siamense, cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus, Erwinia rhapontici, Erysiphe corylacearum, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4, Globodera rostochiensis, Nothophoma quercina, potato spindle tuber viroid, and tomato brown rugose fruit virus. Of these, 4 pathogens had at least 25% of all records reported in 2021. We assessed two of these pathogens – tomato brown rugose fruit virusand cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus – to be actively emerging in/spreading to new locations. Although three important pathogens – Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus, citrus tristeza virusand Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense – were represented in the results of both our literature review and our interrogation of the CABI Distribution Database, in general our dual approaches revealed distinct sets of plant disease outbreaks and new records, with little overlap.
Keywords
Plant disease epidemics
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Plant Sciences
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received:
23 February 2023
Commenter:
Nik Cunniffe
Commenter's Conflict of Interests:
Author
Comment:
This new updated version is significantly shortened, with more extensive use of supplementary material, as well as new results identifying pathogens presenting a signature of active spread.
Commenter: Nik Cunniffe
Commenter's Conflict of Interests: Author