Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Preclinical Studies of Granulysin-Based Anti-Tn Immunotoxins as a New Antitumoral Treatment

Patricia Guerrero-Ochoa
ORCID logo ,
Raquel Ibáñez-Pérez
,
Germán Berbegal-Pinilla
,
Diederich Aguilar
ORCID logo ,
Isabel Marzo
ORCID logo ,
Francisco Corzana
,
Blanca Conde
,
Javier Raso
ORCID logo ,
Ramón Hurtado-Guerrero
ORCID logo ,
Alberto Anel
* ORCID logo
Version 1 : Received: 21 February 2022 / Approved: 22 February 2022 / Online: 22 February 2022 (10:25:26 CET)
Version 2 : Received: 28 February 2022 / Approved: 1 March 2022 / Online: 1 March 2022 (07:51:00 CET)

How to cite: Guerrero-Ochoa, P.; Ibáñez-Pérez, R.; Berbegal-Pinilla, G.; Aguilar, D.; Marzo, I.; Corzana, F.; Conde, B.; Raso, J.; Hurtado-Guerrero, R.; Anel, A. Preclinical Studies of Granulysin-Based Anti-Tn Immunotoxins as a New Antitumoral Treatment. Preprints 2022, 2022020268. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202202.0268.v1 Guerrero-Ochoa, P.; Ibáñez-Pérez, R.; Berbegal-Pinilla, G.; Aguilar, D.; Marzo, I.; Corzana, F.; Conde, B.; Raso, J.; Hurtado-Guerrero, R.; Anel, A. Preclinical Studies of Granulysin-Based Anti-Tn Immunotoxins as a New Antitumoral Treatment. Preprints 2022, 2022020268. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202202.0268.v1

Abstract

Two granulysin (GRNLY) based immunotoxins were generated, one containing the scFv of the SM3 mAb (SM3GRNLY) and the other the scFv of the AR20.5 mAb (AR20.5GRNLY). These mAb recognize different amino acid sequences of aberrantly O-glycosilated MUC1, also known as the Tn antigen, expressed in a variety of tumor cell types. We first demonstrated the affinity of these immunotoxins for their antigen using surface plasmon resonance for the purified antigen and flow cytometry for the antigen expressed on the surface of living tumor cells. The induction of cell death of tumor cell lines of different origin positive for Tn antigen expression was stronger in the cases of the immunotoxins than that induced by GRNLY alone. The mechanism of cell death induced by the immunotoxins was studied, showing that the apoptotic component demonstrated previously for GRNLY was also present, but that cell death induced by the immunotoxins included also necroptotic and necrotic components. Finally, we demonstrated the in vivo tumor targeting by the immunotoxins after systemic injection using a xenograft model of the human pancreatic adenocarcinoma CAPAN-2 in athymic mice. While GRNLY alone did not have a therapeutic effect, SM3GRNLY and AR20.5GRNLY reduced tumor volume by 42 and 60%, respectively, compared with untreated tumor-bearing mice, although the results were not statistically significant in the case of AR20.5GRNLY. Histological studies of tumors obtained from treated mice demonstrated reduced cellularity, nuclear morphology compatible with apoptosis induction and active caspase-3 detection by immunohistochemistry. Overall, our results exemplify that these immunotoxins are potential drugs to treat Tn-expressing cancers.

Keywords

immunotoxins; granulysin; Tn antigen; MUC1

Subject

Medicine and Pharmacology, Oncology and Oncogenics

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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