Preprint Article Version 3 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Cold dark matter: Bose-Einstein condensation of gluons in Anti-de Sitter space time

Version 1 : Received: 13 May 2021 / Approved: 14 May 2021 / Online: 14 May 2021 (10:14:06 CEST)
Version 2 : Received: 15 May 2021 / Approved: 17 May 2021 / Online: 17 May 2021 (08:15:18 CEST)
Version 3 : Received: 10 July 2021 / Approved: 12 July 2021 / Online: 12 July 2021 (11:34:08 CEST)
Version 4 : Received: 24 August 2021 / Approved: 25 August 2021 / Online: 25 August 2021 (11:21:53 CEST)
Version 5 : Received: 24 September 2021 / Approved: 27 September 2021 / Online: 27 September 2021 (11:54:37 CEST)

How to cite: Cohen-Tannoudji, G.; Gazeau, J. Cold dark matter: Bose-Einstein condensation of gluons in Anti-de Sitter space time. Preprints 2021, 2021050320. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202105.0320.v3 Cohen-Tannoudji, G.; Gazeau, J. Cold dark matter: Bose-Einstein condensation of gluons in Anti-de Sitter space time. Preprints 2021, 2021050320. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202105.0320.v3

Abstract

In the same way as the realization of some of the famous gedanken experiments imagined by the founding fathers of quantum mechanics has recently led to the current renewal of the interpretation of quantum physics, it seems that the most recent progresses of observational astrophysics can be interpreted as the realization of some cosmological gedanken experiments such as the removal from the universe of the whole visible matter or the cosmic time travel leading to a new cosmological standard model. This standard model involves two dark components of the universe, dark energy and dark matter. Whereas dark energy is usually associated with the positive cosmological constant, we propose to explain dark matter as a pure QCD effect. This effect is due to the trace anomaly viewed as a negative cosmological constant accompanying baryonic matter at the hadronization transition from the quark gluon plasma phase to the colorless hadronic phase. Our approach not only yields a ratio Dark/Visible equal to 11/2 but also provides gluons and (anti-)quarks with an extra mass of vibrational nature. Currently observed dark matter is thus interpreted as a gluon Bose Einstein condensate that is a relic of the quark period. Such an interpretation would comfort the idea that, apart from the violation of the matter/antimatter symmetry satisfying the Sakharov’s conditions, the reconciliation of particle physics and cosmology needs not the recourse to any ad hoc fields, particles or hidden variables.

Keywords

cosmological constant; dark matter; dark energy; de Sitter; Anti de Sitter; quark gluon plasma; gluon Bose Einstein condensate

Subject

Physical Sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics

Comments (1)

Comment 1
Received: 12 July 2021
Commenter: Jean-Pierre Gazeau
Commenter's Conflict of Interests: Author
Comment: New title Cold dark matter:   Bose-Einstein condensation of gluons in Anti-de Sitter space time”
New abstract
New discussion section
Last paragraph of 3.4.2 has been added
Two last paragraphs of 4.1.2 have been corrected and improved
First paragraph of 4.1.3 has been corrected and improved
Subsection 4.3 has been substantially improved and completed in order to explain the interpretation of dark matter as a gluonic Bose -Einstein condensate 
 + minor corrections or addings through the text

References 1, 2, 18, 19, 20, 21, 24, 25, 39, 43, 44, 45 have been added


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