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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201712.0150.v1

Probability Distribution of Philippine Daily Rainfall Data

Vanessa Althea B. Bermudez, Ariel Bettina B. Abilgos, Diane Carmeliza N. Cuaresma, Jomar F. Rabajante

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Philippines; rainfall; precipitation; Gamma distribution; probability; weather risk

Online: 21 December 2017 (04:43:17 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201702.0014.v1

Temperature and Precipitation Trend Analysis over the Last 30 Years in Southern Tigray Regional State, Ethiopia

Birhanu Hayelom, Yingjun Chen, Zinabu Marsie, Miseker Negash

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: temperature; precipitation; ethiopia; mann kendall; climate variability

Online: 5 February 2017 (08:56:29 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0456.v1

Effects of Some Weather Parameters on Oil Palm Production in the Peninsular Malaysia

Abubakar Ahmed, Mohd Yusoff Ishak, Mohd Kamal Uddin, Mohd Yusoff Abd Samad, Suleiman Mukhtar, Samir Shehu Danhassan

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Rainfall; Temperature; oil palm; Malaysia

Online: 17 June 2021 (10:17:15 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0619.v1

Assessing the Potential Contribution of Pfumvudza Towards Climate Smart Agriculture in Zimbabwe: A Review

Never Mujere

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: climate smart agriculture; crop productivity; climate change; Pfumvudza; Zimbabwe

Online: 29 January 2021 (12:40:06 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0439.v1

Meycauayan, an Industrial City in Bulacan, Philippines: Heavy Metal Pollution in Soil and Surface Sediments and Their Relationship to Environmental Indicators

Reymar Diwa, Custer Deocaris, Aileen Orbecido, Arnel Beltran, Edgar Vallar, Maria Cecilia Galvez, Lawrence Belo

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: heavy metals; MMORS, Meycauayan River; soil pollution; multivariate analysis; Sediment Quality Guidelines; Single Pollution Index

Online: 16 June 2021 (10:34:20 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201810.0196.v1

Investigation of the Mediterranean Cyclone Cleopatra Using the WRF Model: Sensitivity Analysis and Ensemble Forecasting Approach

Markos P. Mylonas, Kostas C. Douvis, Iliana D. Polychroni, Nadia Politi, Panagiotis T. Nastos

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: WRF; Medicane; extra-tropical cyclone; hybrid cyclone; sensitivity analysis

Online: 10 October 2018 (03:43:36 CEST)

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Working Paper REVIEW

Impact of El Niño and La Niña on Agriculture in Ethiopia: Implications for El Niño and La Niña Adaptation and Food Security in Ethiopia

Abadi Berhane, Teklay Tesfay

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: El Niño; La Niña; statistical indices; climate change adaptation; Ethiopia

Online: 3 September 2020 (15:33:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201811.0547.v2

Tornadoes in South Africa: An Overview with a Case Study

Offoro Kimambo

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Tornadoes; CAPE; Overview; Case Study; Klerksdorp; South Africa

Online: 26 November 2018 (10:02:42 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201611.0010.v1

Attenuation Correction for Ka-band Cloud Radar Using X-band Weather Radar Data

Peng Zhang, Yunjie Chen

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: millimeter-wavelength cloud radar; attenuation correction; dual-radar; data fusion

Online: 1 November 2016 (10:05:18 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0601.v1

Review of Macadamia Production in Malawi: Focusing on What, Where, How Much Is Produced and Major Constraints.

Emmanuel Junior Zuza, Shonil Bhagwat, Andrew Emmott, Will Rawes, Kadmiel Maseyk, Yoseph N. Araya

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Macadamia; Smallholder farmers; Lucrative crop; Poverty reduction; Consumption

Online: 24 November 2020 (08:31:43 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201607.0006.v1

Governing Climate Change Risks: Subnational Climate Policies in Brazil

Fabiana Barbi, Leila Da Costa Ferreira

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: adaptation; Brazil; climate change policy; mitigation; risks

Online: 7 July 2016 (10:54:49 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201610.0008.v3

Properties of the long-term oscillations in the middle atmosphere based on observations from TIMED/SABER

Yiyao Zhang, Shudao Zhou, Hanqing Shi, Zheng Sheng, Weilai Shi, Huadong Du, Zhiqiang Fan

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: AO; SAO; TO; amplitude; phase

Online: 6 October 2016 (08:52:44 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202106.0470.v1

River Influx Drives Heavy Metal Pollution in Manila Bay, Philippines: An Insight from Multivariate Analyses

Reymar Diwa, Custer Deocaris, Lawrence Belo

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: heavy metals; surface sediment; Manila Bay; pollution; multivariate analysis; ecological risk

Online: 18 June 2021 (08:32:18 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201609.0061.v1

A Satellite View of the Atmospheric Dry Intrusion and its Influences on the Mid-Latitude Disastrous Weather

Yi-xuan Shou, Feng Lu, Shaowen Shou

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: dry intrusion; Stratosphere-troposphere exchange; mid-latitude; satellite

Online: 18 September 2016 (10:27:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0098.v1

Remote Sensing Based Estimation of Evapo-Transpiration Using Selected Algorithms: The Case of Wonji Shoa Sugar Cane Estate, Ethiopia

Mulugeta Genanu, Tena Alamirew, Gabriel Senay, Mekonnen Gebremichael

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: ET; CWR; landsat ETM+; remote sensing; SEBAL; SSEB; SSEBop

Online: 9 August 2016 (12:27:09 CEST)

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Remote sensing datasets are increasingly being used to provide spatially explicit large scale evapotranspiration (ET) estimates. The focus of this study was to estimate and thematically map pixel-by-pixel basis, and compare the actual evapotranspiration (ETa) of the Wonji Shoa Sugarcane Estate using Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL), Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) and Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) algorithms on Landsat7 ETM+ images acquired on four days in 2002. The algorithms were based on image processing which uses spatially distributed spectral satellite data and ground meteorological data to derive the surface energy balance components. The results obtained revealed that the ranges of the daily ETa estimated on January 25, February 26, September 06 and October 08, 2002 using SEBAL were 0.0–6.85, 0.0–9.36, 0.0–3.61, 0.0–6.83 mm/day; using SSEB 0.0–6.78, 0.0–7.81, 0.0–3.65, 0.0–6.46 mm/day, and SSEBop were 0.05–8.25, 0.0–8.82, 0.2–4.0, 0.0–7.40 mm/day, respectively. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values between SSEB and SEBAL, SSEBop and SEBAL, and SSEB and SSEBop were 0.548, 0.548, and 0.99 for January 25, 2002; 0.739, 0.753, and 0.994 for February 26, 2002;0.847, 0.846, and 0.999 for September 06, 2002; 0.573, 0.573, and 1.00 for October 08, 2002, respectively. The standard deviation of ETa over the sugarcane estate showed high spatio-temporal variability perhaps due to soil moisture variability and surface cover. The three algorithm results showed that well watered sugarcane fields in the mid-season growing stage of the crop and water storage areas had higher ETa values compared with the other dry agricultural fields confirming that they consumptively use more water. Generally during the dry season ETa is limited to water surplus areas only and in wet season, ETa was high throughout the entire sugarcane estate. The evaporation fraction (ETrF) results also followed the same pattern as the daily ETa over the sugarcane estate. The total crop and irrigation water requirement and effective rainfall estimated using the Cropwat model were 2468.8, 2061.6 and 423.8 mm/yr for January 2001 planted and 2281.9, 1851.0 and 437.8 mm/yr for March 2001 planted sugarcanes, respectively. The mean annual ETa estimated for the whole estate were 107 Mm³, 140 Mm³, and 178 Mm³ using SEBAL, SSEB, and SSEBop, respectively. Even though the algorithms should be validated through field observation, they have potential to be used for effective estimation of ET in the sugarcane estate.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201611.0019.v1

Uncertainty Assessments of Satellite Derived Rainfall Products

Margaret Kimani, Joost Hoedjes, Zhongbo Su

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: satellite; rainfall; estimates; rain gauge; uncertainties; topography; seasonality; East Africa

Online: 2 November 2016 (09:25:04 CET)

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Accurate and consistent rainfall observations are vital for climatological studies in support of better planning and decision making. However, estimation of accurate spatial rainfall is limited by sparse rain gauge distributions. Satellite rainfall products can thus potentially play a role in spatial rainfall estimation but their skill and uncertainties need to be under-stood across spatial-time scales. This study aimed at assessing the temporal and spatial performance of seven satellite products (TARCAT (Tropical Applications of Meteorology using SATellite and ground-based observations (TAMSAT) African Rainfall Climatology And Time series), Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS), Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM-3B43), Climate Prediction Center (CPC) Morphing (CMORPH), the Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks- Climate Data Record (PERSIANN-CDR), CPC Merged Analysis of Precipitation (CMAP) and Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) using gridded (0.05o) rainfall data over East Africa for 15 years(1998-2012). The products’ error distributions were qualitatively compared with large scale horizontal winds (850 mb) and elevation patterns with respect to corresponding rain gauge data for each month during the ‘long’ (March-May) and ‘short’ (October-December) rainfall seasons. For validation only rainfall means extracted from 284 rain gauge stations were used, from which qualitative analysis using continuous statistics of Root Mean Squared Difference, Standard deviations, Correlations, coefficient of determinations (from scatter plots) were used to evaluate the products’ performance. Results revealed rainfall variability dependence on wind flows and modulated by topographic influences. The products’ errors showed seasonality and dependent on rainfall intensity and topography. Single sensor and coarse resolution products showed lowest performance on high ground areas. All the products showed low skills in retrieving rainfall during ‘short’ rainfall season when orographic processes were dominant. CHIRPS, CMORPH and TRMM performed well, with TRMM showing the best performance in both seasons. There is need to reduce products’ errors before applications.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0589.v1

Natural Hydrogen System in Western Australia?

Reza Rezaee

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Natural Hydrogen System; circular depressions; Archean iron-rich Craton; Western Australia

Online: 28 October 2020 (11:57:31 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201612.0064.v1

Estimation of Downwelling Surface Longwave Radiation under Heavy Dust Aerosol Sky

Chunlei Wang, Bo-Hui Tang, Hua Wu, Ronglin Tang, Zhao-Liang Li

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Downwelling surface longwave radiation (DSLR); dust aerosol; aerosol optical depth (AOD); MODIS

Online: 12 December 2016 (14:58:20 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0097.v1

The Vulnerability of Rice Value Chains in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review

Fanen Terdoo, Giuseppe Feola

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: vulnerability; resilience; rice value chains; climate change; Sub-Saharan Africa

Online: 9 August 2016 (12:09:07 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201705.0051.v1

Intercomparison of MODIS and VIIRS Fire Products in Khanty-Mansiysk Russia: Implication for Characterizing Gas Flaring from Space

Ambrish Sharma, Jun Wang

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: nighttime fires; gas flaring; MODIS; VIIRS; Khanty-Mansiysk Russia

Online: 8 May 2017 (08:15:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201612.0018.v1

Kriging with Unknown Variance Components for Regional Ionospheric Reconstruction

Ling Huang, Hongping Zhang, Peiliang Xu, Jianghui Geng, Cheng Wang, Jingnan Liu

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: ionospheric delay, Kriging spatial interpolation, semivariogram, variance component estimation, CMONOC

Online: 2 December 2016 (17:13:10 CET)

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Ionospheric delay has been a critical issue that limits the accuracy of GNSS precise positioning and navigation for single-frequency users, especially in mid- and low-latitude regions where irregularity of ionosphere is often significant. Kriging spatial interpolation techniques have been recently introduced to model the spatial correlation and variability of ionosphere, which intrinsically assume that the ionosphere field is stochastically stationary but does not take the random observational errors into account. In this paper, by treating the spatial statistical information on ionosphere as prior knowledge and based on TEC semivariogram analysis, we use Kriging techniques to spatially interpolate TEC values. By assuming that the stochastic models of both the ionospheric signals and measurement errors are only known up to some unknown factors, we propose a new Kriging spatial interpolation method with unknown variance components for both the signals of ionosphere and TEC measurements. Variance component estimation has been integrated with Kriging to reconstruct regional ionospherical delay. The method has been applied to data from the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China (CMONOC) and compared with the ordinary Kriging and polynomial interpolations with spherical cap harmonic functions, polynomial functions and low-degree spherical harmonic functions. The results have shown that the interpolation accuracy of the new proposed method is better than the ordinary Kriging and polynomial interpolation by about 1.2 TECU and 0.7 TECU, respectively. The root mean squared error of the proposed new Kriging with variance components is within 1.5 TECU and is smaller than those from other methods under comparison by about 1 TECU. When compared with ionospheric grid points, the mean squared error of the proposed method is within 6 TECU and smaller than Kriging, indicating that the proposed method can produce more accurate ionospheric delays and better estimation accuracy.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201610.0116.v1

Addressing on Mechanism of Different Types of ENSO and Related Teleconnections and Solar Influence

Indrani Roy

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: solar cyclic variability; Canonical and Modoki ENSO; Indian summer monsoon

Online: 27 October 2016 (11:31:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201612.0125.v1

An Experimental Combined Objective and Subjective Investigation of Thermal Comfort Perception in a Non-Air-Conditioned Lyceum School Building

Eleni Papazoglou, Konstantinos Moustris, Konstantinos-Stefanos Nikas, Panagiotis Nastos, John Statharas

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: human thermal comfort-discomfort; Fanger’s model; PMV; PPD

Online: 25 December 2016 (08:48:27 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0178.v1

Bias Correction of Chinese Fengyun-3C Microwave Humidity and Temperature Sounder Measurements in Retrieval of Atmospheric Parameters

Qiurui He, Zhenzhan Wang, Jieying He

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: FY-3C/MWHTS; linear regression correction; neural networks correction; one-dimensional variational algorithm; atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles

Online: 19 August 2016 (09:22:31 CEST)

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The Microwave Humidity and Temperature sounder (MWHTS) on board the Fengyun (FY)-3C satellite measure the outgoing radiance form the Earth surface and atmospheric constituents. MWHTS makes measurements in the isolated oxygen absorption line near 118 GHz and the vicinity of strong water vapor line around 183 GHz, can provide fine vertical distribution structure of both atmospheric humidity and temperature. However, in order to obtain the accurate soundings of humidity and temperature by the physical retrieval method, bias between the observed radiance and those simulated by radiative transfer model from the background or first guess profiles must be correct. In this study, two bias correction methods are developed through the correlation analysis between MWHTS measurements and air mass identified by the first guess profiles of the physical inversion, one is the linear regression correction (LRC) and the other is neural networks correction (NNC), representing the linear and nonlinear nature between MWHTS measurements and air mass, respectively. Both correction methods have been applied to MWHTS observed brightness temperatures over the geographic area (180° W-180° E, 60° S-60° N). The corrected results are evaluated by the probability density function of the difference between corrected observations and simulated values and the root mean square error (RMSE) with respect to simulated observations. The numerical results show that the NNC method perform better, especially in MWHTS channels 1 and 7-9 whose peak weight function heights are close to the surface. In order to assess the effects of bias correction methods proposed in this study on the retrieval accuracy, a one-dimensional variational system was built and applied to the MWHTS uncorrected and corrected brightness temperatures to estimated atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles, The retrieval results show that the NNC has better performance which is to be expected. An indication of the stability and robustness of NNC method is given which suggests that the NNC method has promising application perspectives in the physical retrieval.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202002.0404.v1

Characterization of Ionospheric Scintillation Index over Low Latitude: Nepal Region

Kutubuddin Ansari, Tae-Suk Bae, Punyawi Jamjareegulgarn, Shakera Khan, Soo-Hyeon Lim

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Ionosphere; Nepal; Scintillation index; Storm days; Quiet days

Online: 27 February 2020 (12:08:40 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201611.0073.v1

Evaluation of Satellite Rainfall Estimates in the Pra Basin of Ghana

Collins Owusu, Kwaku Amaning Adjei, Samuel Nii Odai

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: rainfall; TMPA; CMORPH; Pra basin; satellite-based precipitation; Ghana

Online: 14 November 2016 (07:39:44 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0082.v1

End Point Rate Tool for QGIS (EPR4Q): Validation using DSAS and AMBUR

Lucas Terres de Lima, Sandra Fernández-Fernández, Jean Marcel de Almeida Espinoza, Miguel da Guia Albuquerque, Cristina de Almeida Bernardes

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Shoreline Evolution; Open-Source Software; GIS; Modeling

Online: 5 January 2021 (11:23:38 CET)

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Preprint CONCEPT PAPER | doi:10.20944/preprints201612.0043.v1

Application of German Climate Change Adaptation Strategy for Federal State of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany

Eklavyya Popat, Falk Böttcher

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: climate change; climatic water balance; irrigation; natural snow cover; the DAS indicator project; Saxony-Anhalt; soil moisture content

Online: 7 December 2016 (11:30:40 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0509.v1

South East Asia’s Megalodon Shark First Record and Habitat Preference Modeling During Miocene Period (20 Ma) and Winter Monsoon Impacts in South Coast of West Java

Andri Wibowo

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Habitat use; model; megalodon; Java; shark

Online: 25 January 2021 (15:05:04 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201704.0024.v1

Variations of Carbon Monoxide Concentrations in the Megacity of São Paulo from 2000 to 2015 in Different Time Scales

José Roberto Rozante, Vinícius Rozante, Débora S. Alvim, Antônio Ocimar Manzi, Júlio Barboza Chiquetto, Monica Siqueira D'Amelio, Demerval Soares Moreira

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: carbon monoxide; diurnal cycle; seasonal cycle; urban pollution; pollution trends

Online: 4 April 2017 (11:14:07 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201705.0157.v1

MODIS Retrieval of Aerosol Optical Depth over Turbid Coastal Water

Yi WANG, Jun Wang, Robert C Levy, Xiaoguang Xu, Jeffrey S Reid

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: AOD; coastal water; MODIS; retrieval

Online: 22 May 2017 (05:53:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201612.0095.v1

Temporal Variation of Particulate Matter Concentrations within the Urban Area of Athens, Greece

Hina Najam, Konstantinos Moustris, Panagiotis Nastos

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: particulate matter; temporal variation; urban area of Athens; Greece

Online: 18 December 2016 (10:51:57 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0247.v1

An Artificial Neural Network Approach to Predict the Future Land Use Land Cover of Great Malang Region, Indonesia

Fatwa Ramdani, Budi Setiawan, Alfi Rusydi, Muhammad Furqon

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: artificial neural network; land use land cover; Indonesia; land use prediction

Online: 9 March 2021 (09:43:54 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201705.0014.v1

Spectral and Spatial Cloud Detection Onboard for Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Image

Haoyang Li, Hong Zheng, Chuanzhao Han, Haibo Wang, Min Miao

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: onboard cloud detecion; region of interesting compression; themodynamic phase; spectral angle map; markov random field; dynamic stochastic resonance

Online: 1 May 2017 (10:44:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0073.v2

A Physically-Constrained Calibration Database for Land Surface Temperature Using Infrared Retrieval Algorithms

João P. A. Martins, Isabel F. Trigo, Virgílio A. Bento, Carlos da Camara

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: land surface temperature; thermal infrared; calibration; generalized split-window; mono-window; database; radiative transfer

Online: 16 September 2016 (13:12:09 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201710.0095.v1

Aerosol Depolarization Ratio Measurement Capabilities for an Elastic LIDAR: Implementation and First Measurements

Alejandro Rodríguez-Gómez, Michaël Sicard, María-José Granados-Muñoz , Enis Ben Chahed , Constantino Muñoz-Porcar, Rubén Barragan , Adolfo Comeron, Francesc Rocadenbosch, Eric Vidal

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Lidar system; depolarization channel; calibration; stability; depolarizing particles

Online: 13 October 2017 (18:07:24 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201707.0013.v1

Interannual Variability and Seasonal Predictability of Wind and Solar Resources

Nir Y. Krakauer, Daniel S. Cohan

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: renewable energy; solar; wind; interannual variability; seasonal forecasting; teleconnections

Online: 7 July 2017 (03:55:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201802.0072.v1

Assessing the Impact of Climate Variability on Food Security in Kenya: A Case Study of Kisii County

Moranga P. Samwel, Beatrice A. Abutto, Vincent Otieno

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Climate Variability; Food Security; Climate Change Adaptation; Malnutrition

Online: 8 February 2018 (15:59:16 CET)

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Climate variability and change has been found to be one of the factors that affect economies leading to food insecurity in various parts of the world. Kenya is no exception. This study looks at how climate variability has contributed to food insecurity in Kisii County, Kenya. The objectives of this study is therefore to, (i) to examine the rainfall and temperature trends in Kisii County for a period of approximately 30 years, (ii) to examine the effect of climate variability on food production and (iii) to assess the perception of local farmers on weather and climate information, (iv) to evaluate the coping strategies adopted at to bridge the gap on food deficit at different household level and (v) to assess the nutritional status of children and the elderly. The study was conducted in two sub-counties of Kisii County; Marani and Bomachoge Chache. The data used was mainly rainfall and temperature data from meteorological stations and sample data gathered from selected groups. The study population comprised of children between 6 months and 59 months, household heads, elderly people and agricultural officers. Purposive sampling was used to select agricultural officers while multistage sampling was used to select respondents at household level. Data was collected by use of a pre-tested questionnaire. The MUAC tape was used to collect nutritional status of children while BMI data was obtained from elderly people. Mann Kendall statistic was used to determine whether the trend of rainfall and temperature observed is significant while Chi-square test was used to determine whether the coping strategies observed varied significantly at household level. From the analysis, rainfall has not shown any significant change in Kisii County while temperature trend has been significantly increasing over the years at 95% confidence level. This could explain the observed reduction in river levels. Analysis of crop production and price trends of major food crops in Kisii County showed a decreasing trend of food production leading to increase in price over the years. This meant that farmers could not produce enough to take them to the next harvesting season making farmers to adopt different coping strategies at household level which differed significantly according to Chi-Square test. Malnutrition status of both elderly people above 59 years and children between 6-59 months were similar with 23% of both children/elderly being severely malnourished/malnourished. This study has only looked at climatic factors such as rainfall and temperature. Other aspects such as depth of underground water, ph level of soil and the effects of land fragmentation also need to be looked at. This study is important to both farmers in choosing the right crop to plant, and policy makers and planners in formulating the best mitigation and intervention strategies for Kisii County food insecurity problem. This will further contribute to national efforts towards achievement of vision 2030.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0380.v1

The Indian Summer Monsoon from a Speleothem d¹⁸O Perspective – a Review

Nikita Kaushal, Sebastian F. M. Breitenbach, Franziska A. Lechleitner, Ashish Sinha, Vinod C. Tewari, Syed Masood Ahmad, Max Berkelhammer, Shraddha Band, Madhusudan Yadava, Rengaswamy Ramesh, Gideon M. Henderson

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: speleothem; oxygen isotopes; monsoon; paleoclimate; India; SISAL; ISM; ASM

Online: 19 September 2018 (10:18:28 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0377.v1

The "Global Salt Cycle": Formation of Giant Salt Accumulations, a Result of Subduction, Mantle Upwelling, and Rifting

Hans Konrad Johnsen, Hakon G Rueslatten, Martin Torvald Hovland

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Global salt cycle; Wilson cycle; Giant salt accumulations; Subduction; Rifting; Mantle; upwelling; Hydrated mantle; Hydrothermal salt expulsion; Hydrothermal circulation; Basin subsidence; Supercritical fluids; Phase separation; Saline brine; Salt diapir; Bedded salts; Inherited composition; Inherited structures; Lower crustal body; Electrical conductivity; Magnetotelluric method; Seismic velocity; Brittle-ductile behaviour; Continental crust formation; Oceanic crust formation; Hydration of oceanic crust; Serpentinization; Volcanism; Mineral solubility.

Online: 16 July 2021 (14:34:42 CEST)

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The main objective of this communication is to describe the ‘Global Salt Cycle’. Giant salt accumulations are commonly found along continental margins of former rifts. The first stage in the accumulation process is saturation of newly formed oceanic crust with seawater. Final mobilisation and accumulation of the salts occurs during rifting, localised in the vicinity of relict subduction zones. Oceanic crust is created along the spreading ridges in the deep oceans of the Earth. It exchanges mass and energy with seawater in hydrothermal circulation cells that penetrate deep into the new and fractured crust. Water-rock interactions include the formation of hydrated and hydroxylated minerals, e.g., serpentinites and clay minerals. By incorporating hydroxyl groups and water in their crystal lattices, the salinity of remaining brines increases. Subduction of oceanic crust and serpentinised lithosphere transports water, hydrated minerals, and marine salts deep into the crust and mantle. Upon pressurisation and heating of the subducting slab, different parts of this water are expelled at different depths/temperatures. The resulting fluids will contain salts brought in with the slab, as well as new salts formed by water-rock interaction. The combination of elevated pressures and temperatures, water, salinity, and CO2, create permeability in the normally impermeable, peridotitic mantle, by altering the fluid-rock dihedral angles of mineral grains. This P/T-determined intergranular permeability allows ascent of saline fluids, under lithostatic pressure, within the mantle wedge, or the slab itself. The fluids produce a mechanically weakened and buoyant zone within the mantle wedge due to high pore pressure between mineral grains and reduced mantle density. During the lifetime of a subduction zone, a substantial accumulation of saline fluids within the mantle wedge and crust, is evident. Deep, fluid reservoirs accumulate between the subduction trench and the volcanic front. They may exist for hundreds of millions of years, even after the extinction of the subduction zone. Saline fluids may escape to the surface along deep faults, due to overfilling of available pores/fractures. Fluids within the mantle wedge may form rock melts or exist as supercritical, mineral rich fluids. The combination of reduced pressure due to rifting, and a saline and buoyant mantle, creates a mantle circulation that brings the accumulated, saline fluids, to crustal levels. Salts will therefore accumulate during initial stages of rifting as a result of massive fluid expulsion, phase change and boiling of mantle fluids. No extra energy is required to produce phase change and boiling. The result is formation of solid salts or dense brines/slurries invading fractured crustal rocks, or escaping to the surface/seabed. This process may take place both before and after the sea has invaded a continental rift.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.3390/sci1020049

Trend Analysis of Temperature Data for Narayani River Basin, Nepal

Mohan Bahadur Chand, Bikas Chandra Bhattarai, Niraj Shankar Pradhananga, Prashant Baral

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: climate change; temperature trend; Himalaya; river basin; Nepal

Online: 14 August 2019 (00:00:00 CEST)

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Study of spatiotemporal dynamics of temperature is vital to assess changes in climate, especially in the Himalayan region where livelihoods of billions of people living downstream depends on water coming from the melting of snow and glacier ice. To this end, temperature trend analysis is carried out in Narayani river basin, a major river basin of Nepal characterized by three climatic regions: tropical, subtropical and alpine. Temperature data from six stations located within the basin were analyzed. The elevation of these stations ranges from 460 to 3800 m a.s.l. and the time period of available temperature data ranges from 1960–2015. Multiple regression and empirical mode decomposition (EMD) methods were applied to fill in missing data and to detect trends. Annual as well as seasonal trends were analyzed and a Mann-Kendall test was employed to test the statistical significance of detected trends. Results indicate significant cooling trends before 1970s, and warming trends after 1970s in the majority of the stations. The warming trends range from 0.028

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C year

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to 0.035

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C year

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with a mean increasing trend of 0.03

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C year

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after 1971. Seasonal trends show highest warming trends in the monsoon season followed by winter, pre-monsoon, and the post-monsoon season. However, difference in warming rates between different seasons was not significant. An average temperature lapse rate of −0.006

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C m

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with the steepest value (−0.0064

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) in pre-monsoon season and least negative (−0.0052

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) in winter season was observed for this basin. A comparative analysis of the gap-filled data with freely available global climate datasets show reasonable correlation thus confirming the suitability of the gap filling methods.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201611.0085.v1

The Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Parameterization Development with the Canadian Local Climate Model

Abderrazak Arif

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Parameterization, climate, Lightning, Atmosphere, Modelling, Thunderstorm, Convection, Forest, fires.

Online: 16 November 2016 (13:50:05 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0501.v1

Short-Term Forecast of Wind Speed through Mathematical Models

Moniki Ferreira, Alexandre Santos, Paulo Lucio

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: wind speed; ANN model; hybrid model

Online: 26 July 2018 (04:22:14 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0200.v1

Maghemite in Brazilian Iron Ores: Quantification of the Magnetite-Maghemite Isomorphic Series by X-ray Diffraction and the Rietveld Method, and Confirmation by Independent Methods

Renata Hiraga, Otávio da Fonseca Martins Gomes, Reiner Neumann

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Iron ore; Maghemite; Nonstoichiometric magnetite; X-Ray diffraction; Ore characterization

Online: 8 February 2021 (12:13:32 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0225.v1

A Review on Land Use and Land Cover Change in Ethiopian Basins

Motuma Shiferaw Regasa, Michael Nones

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Ethiopia; Geographic Information Systems; Land Use Land Cover; Remote Sensing

Online: 11 May 2021 (09:27:29 CEST)

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Land Use Land Cover (LULC) changes analysis is one of the most useful methodologies to understand how the land was used in the past years, what types of detections are to be expected in the future, as well as the driving forces and processes behind these changes. In Ethiopia, the rapidly changing of LULC is mainly due to population pressure, resettlement programs, climate change, and other human and nature-induced driving forces. Anthropogenic activities are the most significant factors adversely changing the natural status of the landscape and resources, which exerts unfavourable and adverse impacts on the environment and livelihood. The main goal of the present work is to review previous studies, discussing the spatio-temporal LULC changes in Ethiopian basins, to find out common points and gaps that exist in the current literature, to be eventually addressed in the future. Seventeen articles, published from 2011 to 2020, were selected and reviewed, focusing on LULC classification using ArcGIS and ERDAS imagine software by unsupervised and maximum likelihood supervised classification methods. Key informant interview (KII), focal group discussions (FGDs) and collection of ground truth data using ground positioning systems (GPS) for data validation were the major approaches discussed in most of the studies. All the analysed research showed that, during the last decades, Ethiopian lands changed to agricultural land use, waterbody, commercial farmland and built-up/settlement. Some parts of forest land, grazing land, swamp/wetland, shrubland, rangeland and bare/ rock out cropland cover class were changed to other LULC class types, mainly as a consequence of increasing anthropogenic pressure. In summary, these articles confirmed that LULC changes are a direct result of both natural and human influences. However, most of the study provided details of LULC for the past decades within a specific spatial location, while they did not address the challenge of forecasting future LULC changes at the basin scale.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0025.v1

The Role of Natural Factors on Major Climate Variability in Northern Winter

Indrani Roy

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: solar variability; NAO; ENSO; volcanic eruptions; multiple regression

Online: 3 August 2016 (05:54:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0782.v1

Evaluation of the Global Climate Models in CMIP6 over Uganda

Hamida Ngoma, Wang Wen, Brian Ayugi, Hassen Babaousmail, Riwzan Karim, Victor Ongoma

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: rainfall; CMIP6; CHIRPS; Uganda; East Africa

Online: 31 December 2020 (09:29:01 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints201811.0320.v1

Towards the Understanding of Ice Crystal-graupel Collision Charging in Thunderstorm Electrification

Yuanping He, Boyan Gu, Daizhou Zhang, Weizhen Lu, Chuck Wah Yu, Zhaolin Gu

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Thunderstorm electrification; Ice crystal-graupel collision; Relative growth rate theory; Temperature gradient; Non-thermal equilibrium; Tripole charge structure; Thunderclouds hydrometeors

Online: 13 November 2018 (15:14:58 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201705.0168.v1

GNSS-R Ice Sheet Altimetry in Greenland Using TDS-1 Data

Antonio Rius, Estel Cardellach, Fran Fabra, Weiqiang Li, Serni Ribó, Manuel Hernández-Pajares

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: GNSS-R; ice sheet; TDS-1; greenland; altimetry

Online: 23 May 2017 (08:46:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201706.0091.v1

Effects of tropospheric emissions on global tropospheric ozone distribution: A CTM simulation study

Kuo-Ying Wang

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: tropospheric emissions; CTM; tropospheric ozone; industrial emissions; biomass buring; vegetation emissions; simulation

Online: 20 June 2017 (04:28:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201703.0010.v1

Size Distribution, Seasonal Variations and Sources of Carbonaceous Aerosol in a Typical Industrial City Nanjing in Yangtze River Delta, China

Honglei Wang, Junlin An, Bin Zhu, Lijuan Shen, Qing Duan, Yuanzhe Shi

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: size distribution; OC; EC; seasonal variation; Yangtze River Delta

Online: 1 March 2017 (16:59:27 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201710.0199.v1

Improving Quantitative Rainfall Prediction Using Ensemble Analogues in the Tropics: Case study of Uganda

Isaac Mugume, Michel d. S. Mesquita, Yazidhi Bamutaze, Didier Ntwali, Charles Basalirwa, Daniel Waiswa, Joachim Reuder, Revocatus Twinomuhangi, Fredrick Tumwine, Triphonia Jakob Ngailo, Bob Alex Ogwang

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Ensemble mean; Analogue ensemble mean; Multi–member analogue ensemble mean; Quantitative rainfall prediction

Online: 31 October 2017 (16:28:54 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201610.0129.v1

Space-Time Characterization of Rainfall Field in Tuscany

Alessandro Mazza

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: rainfall; rain gauge; kriging; trend detection

Online: 31 October 2016 (01:37:36 CET)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Allanites in the Sin Quyen IOCG deposit, North Vietnam

Chau Nguyen Dinh, Jadwiga Pieczonka, Adam Piestrzynski, Phon Le Khanh, Hao Duong Van

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: allanite; REE; ore minerals; IOCG deposit; North Vietnam

Online: 3 December 2020 (10:58:03 CET)

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Working Paper REVIEW

Understanding the Value and Limits of Nature-Based Solutions to Climate Change and Other Global Challenges

Nathalie Seddon, Alexandre Chausson, Pam Berry, Cecile AJ Girardin, Alison Smith, Beth Turner

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: adaptation; mitigation; climate change; ecosystems; nature; restoration

Online: 24 November 2019 (13:05:56 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0105.v1

Mapping Built-Up Land with High Accuracy Using Fourier Transformation and Temporal Correction

Jinzhu Wang, Michalis Hadjikakou, Brett Bryan

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Built-up land; Fourier transformation; high-accuracy mapping; temporal correcti

Online: 4 December 2020 (11:58:42 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201702.0081.v1

Changes of Reference Evapotranspiration and Its Relationships to Dry/Wet Conditions Based on Aridity Index in Songnen Grassland, Northeast China

Qiyun Ma, Jiquan Zhang, Caiyun Sun, Enliang Guo, Feng Zhang, Mengmeng Wang

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: reference evapotranspiration; climatic change; drought/wet; Songnen Grassland

Online: 22 February 2017 (16:46:01 CET)

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Preprint SHORT NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints202007.0033.v1

Did COVID-19 Lockdown Brew “Amphan” into a Super Cyclone?

Velu Vinoj, Debadatta Swain

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: COVID19; Cyclone; Aerosols; Lockdown; Climate

Online: 3 July 2020 (12:06:09 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.3390/sci1030057

Perception to Adaptation of Climate Change in Nepal: An Empirical Analysis Using Multivariate Probit Model

Arun GC, Jun-Ho Yeo

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: adaptation; perception; climate change; Nepal; multivariate probit

Online: 20 September 2019 (00:00:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201707.0060.v1

Retrieving Vertical Air Velocity in Convective Cloud over the Tibetan Plateau from TIPEX-III Cloud Radar Doppler Spectra

Jiafeng Zheng, Liping Liu, Keyun Zhu, Jingya Wu, Binyun Wang

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: vertical air velocity; millimeter-wave cloud radar; convective cloud; Tibetan Plateau

Online: 21 July 2017 (04:58:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0025.v2

The Role of Natural Factors on Major Climate Variability in Northern Winter

Indrani Roy

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: solar variability; NAO; ENSO; volcanic eruptions; multiple regression

Online: 17 May 2017 (06:27:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0648.v1

Deep Learning for Satellite Rainfall Retrieval Using Himawari-8 Multiple Spectral Channels

Jenq-Dar Tsay, Kevin Kao, Chun-Chieh Chao, Yu-Cheng Chang

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: satellite rainfall retrieval; deep learning; satellite meteorology

Online: 30 October 2020 (14:54:06 CET)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

Growth, Yield, and Quality in Hydroponic Vertical Farming – Effects of Phycocyanin-rich Spirulina Extract

Leonard Lerer, Cedric Kamaleson

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: vertical farming; controlled environment agriculture; plant factories; biostimulant; microbiome; hydroponics; aeroponics

Online: 12 November 2020 (14:43:00 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201608.0073.v1

A Physically-Constrained Calibration Database for Land Surface Temperature Using Infrared Retrieval Algorithms

João P. A. Martins, Isabel F. Trigo, Virgílio A. Bento, Carlos da Camara

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: land surface temperature; thermal infrared; calibration; generalized split-window; mono-window; database; radiative transfer

Online: 8 August 2016 (09:08:32 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0102.v1

Analysis of Start, End and Length of the Rainfall Season Seasons for Mbeya, Southwestern Highland in Tanzania

Offoro Kimambo, Emmanuel Lubango Ndeto

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Start, End, Length, Season, Rains, Agriculture

Online: 5 July 2018 (16:26:39 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201804.0194.v1

The 2017 North Bay and Southern California Fires: A Case Study

Nicholas J. Nauslar, John T. Abatzoglou, Patrick T. Marsh

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: fire weather; fire climate; large wildfires; downslope windstorm; wildland urban interface; drought; foehn winds

Online: 16 April 2018 (08:00:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201806.0304.v1

Effects of El-Niño, Indian Ocean Dipole and Madden-Julian Oscillation on Sea Surface Temperature and Rainfall Anomalies in Southeast Asia. Case Study: Biomass Burning Episode of 2015

Amirul Islam, Andy Chan, Matthew Ashfold, Chel Gee Ooi, Majid Azari

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: monsoon, maritime continent, ocean-atmospheric phenomena, Southeast Asia, biomass burning, sea surface temperature, rainfall.

Online: 19 June 2018 (15:31:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0235.v1

Forest Type and Tree Species Classification of Nemoral Forests With Sentinel-1 and 2 Time Series Data

Kristian Skau Bjerreskov, Thomas Nord-Larsen, Rasmus Fensholt

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: forest resources; forest and tree species distribution; machine learning; multi-sensor data fusion; National Forest Inventory data

Online: 12 January 2021 (17:35:56 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201704.0035.v2

Higher Ocean Wind Speeds During Marine Cold Air Outbreaks

Erik W. Kolstad

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Cold air outbreaks; Air–sea interaction; Polar climate; Wind speed; polar lows

Online: 2 May 2017 (17:45:56 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201712.0107.v1

Climate Policy Implications of Nonlinear Decline of Arctic Land Permafrost and Sea Ice

Dmitry Yumashev, Chris Hope, Kevin Schaefer, Kathrin Riemann-Campe, Fernando Iglesias-Suarez, Elchin Jafarov, Gail Whiteman, Paul Young

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: climate change; cryosphere; Arctic; permafrost; sea ice; tipping elements; climate impacts; climate policy; Paris agreement

Online: 15 December 2017 (12:51:43 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201610.0070.v1

The RUNE Experiment–A Database of Remote-Sensing Observations of Near-Shore Winds

Rogier Floors, Alfredo Peña, Guillaume Lea, Nikola Vasiljevic, Elliot Simon, Michael Courtney

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: coastal; experiment; lidar; near-shore; offshore; wind resources

Online: 18 October 2016 (07:51:46 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0574.v1

Optimizing Site Selection of New Cities in the Desert Using Environmental Geomorphology and GIS: A Case Study of Kuwait

Ahmed Hassan, Maha Alfaraj, Mahmoud Fayad, Casey D Allen

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Environmental geomorphology; Urban Geomorphology; GIS- Suitability modeling; RS

Online: 23 March 2021 (16:53:17 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202102.0111.v1

Comparison of CMIP6 and CMIP5 Models in Simulating Mean and Extreme Precipitation over East Africa

Brian AYUGI, Jiang Zhidong, Huanhuan Zhu, Hamida Ngoma, Hassen Babaousmail, Karim Rizwan, Victor Dike

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: CMIP5/6; Precipitation; Climate extremes; evaluation; East Africa

Online: 3 February 2021 (10:22:24 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201906.0162.v1

Retrieval of snow properties from the Sentinel-3 Ocean and Land Colour Instrument

Alexander Kokhanovsky, Maxim Lamare, Olaf Danne, Marie Dumont, Carsten Brockmann, Ghislain Picard, Laurtent Arnaud, Vincent Favier, Bruno Jourdain, Emmanuel Lemeur, Biagio Di Mauro, Teruo Aoki, Masashi Niwano, Vladinmir Rozanov, Sergey Korkin, Sepp Kipfstuhl, Johannes Freitag, Maria Hoerhold, Alexandra Zuh, Diana Vladimirova, Anne-Katrine Faber, Hans-Christian Steen-Larsen, Sonja Wahl, Jonas Andresen, Baptiste Vandecrux, Dirk van As, Kenneth Mankoff, Michael Kern, Eleonora Zege, Jason Box

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: snow characteristics; optical remote sensing; sow grain size; specific surface area; albedo; Sentinel 3, OLCI

Online: 17 June 2019 (10:48:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201704.0065.v1

Modelling Airport Pollutants Dispersion at High Resolution

Claire Sarrat, Sébastien Aubry, Thomas Chaboud, Christine Lac

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Airport; Local Air Quality; Local Scale

Online: 11 April 2017 (17:32:40 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201706.0040.v1

Monthly and Diurnal Variation of the Concentrations of Aerosol Surface Area in Fukuoka, Japan, Measured by Diffusion Charging Method

Miho Kiriya, Tomoaki Okuda, Hana Yamazaki, Kazuki Hatoya, Naoki Kaneyasu, Itsushi Uno, Chiharu Nishita, Keiichiro Hara, Masahiko Hayashi, Koji Funato, Kozo Inoue, Shigekazu Yamamoto, Ayako Yoshino, Akinori Takami

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Asian monsoon; black carbon; long-range transport; land and sea breeze; sulfate; surface area; surface coating of particles

Online: 8 June 2017 (08:26:27 CEST)

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Working Paper ARTICLE

A Major Impact of WRF Planetary Boundary Layer Schemes on Simulation Accuracy of Vertical Wind Structure by 3D Doppler Wind Lidar

Lei Zhang, Jinyuan Xin, Yan Yin, Wenyuan Chang, Min Xue, Danjie Jia, Yongjing Ma

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: 3D Doppler Wind Lidar; planetary boundary layer; vertical wind; wind speed; wind direction

Online: 29 April 2021 (10:33:39 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201610.0116.v2

Addressing on Mechanism of Different Types of ENSO and Related Teleconnections and Solar Influence

Indrani Roy

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: solar cyclic variability; Canonical and Modoki ENSO; Indian summer monsoon

Online: 26 September 2017 (04:13:47 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201610.0008.v1

Properties of the long-term oscillations in the middle atmosphere based on observations from TIMED/SABER

Yiyao Zhang, Shudao Zhou, Hanqing Shi, Zheng Sheng, Weilai Shi, Huadong Du, Zhiqiang Fan

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: AO; SAO; TO; amplitude; phase

Online: 4 October 2016 (15:28:44 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0577.v1

A Comparison between 3DVAR and EnKF for Data Assimilation Effects on the Yellow Sea Fog Forecast

Xiaoyu Gao, Shanhong Gao, Yue Yang

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: sea fog; data assimilation; 3DVAR; EnKF

Online: 30 July 2018 (10:08:16 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202010.0603.v1

Flax Fiber for Technical Textile: A Life Cycle Inventory

Alejandra Gomez-Campos, Claire Vialle, Antoine Rouilly, Caroline Sablayrolles, Lorie Hamelin

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Consequential LCA; System expansion; Life Cycle Assessment; flax fiber biobased materials; bioeconomy

Online: 29 October 2020 (09:27:42 CET)

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Flax fiber appears as a suitable feedstock in the endeavor of deploying a sustainable biobased economy. Its environmental performance as reinforcement in composite materials has been studied in previous Life Cycle Assessments (LCAs). However, these studies only present a coarse Life cycle Inventory (LCI) and often fail to detail all processes of the supply chain or to represent the co-products. This paper aims to bridge this gap and provide data for future LCAs on flax fiber production and transformation.The study focuses on the impacts of producing a bio-based reinforcement material (a fabric product for non-aesthetic purposes) with a system expansion perspective. The functional unit is defined as the production of 2400 m² flax-based technical textile per year, this corresponds to one hectare of cultivated land. The geographical scope considers that the production occurs in France and that some manufacturing process are outsourced in China. A Sensitivity Analysis was carried out to assess the influence of the electricity mix in the various countries involved in the manufacturing cycle.A detailed life cycle inventory for flax fiber production and transformation was built and the environmental performance of a flax technical textile was assessed as a cradle-to-gate LCA. The fate of co-products was documented and was shown to contribute to the reduction of the generated environmental impacts. Through a cradle-to-gate LCA, a broader understanding of the environmental performance of a flax-based technical textile was presented by including the valorization of co-products and a wider set of analyzed impact categories, going therefore beyond the existing state-of-the-art. Results show agricultural activities and electricity production to be the biggest contributors to the environmental impacts of flax technical textile; contributions due to land use changes were minor in comparison. Very specifically for this case study, a sensibility analysis showed the influence of an all-French production to be more efficient from an environmental point of view.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202104.0327.v1

Estimation of Solid Medical Waste Production and Environmental Impact Analysis in the Context of COVID-19: A Case Study of Hubei Province in China

Yifan Song, Jinquan Ye, Yurong Liu, Yun Zhong

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: COVID-19; Medical waste; Environmental impac; China

Online: 13 April 2021 (09:09:57 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.3390/sci1020038

Trend Analysis of Temperature Data for Narayani River Basin, Nepal

Mohan Bahadur Chand, Bikas Chandra Bhattarai, Prashant Baral, Niraj Shankar Pradhananga

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: climate change; temperature trend; Himalaya; river basin; Nepal

Online: 9 July 2019 (00:00:00 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202101.0082.v2

End Point Rate Tool for QGIS (EPR4Q): Validation Using DSAS and AMBUR

Lucas Terres de Lima, Sandra Fernández-Fernández, Jean Marcel de Almeida Espinoza, Miguel da Guia Albuquerque, Cristina de Almeida Bernardes

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Shoreline Evolution; Open-Source Software; GIS; Modeling

Online: 19 February 2021 (09:46:48 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0595.v1

Separate and Combined Impacts of Land Cover and Climate Changes on Hydrological Responses of Dhidhessa River Basin, Ethiopia

Gizachew Kabite, Misgana Muleta, Berhan Gessesse

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Hydrological responses; global environmental changes; Dhidhessa Subbasin; Land cover change; Climate change; Combined impacts.

Online: 23 December 2020 (15:48:06 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0468.v1

A Dynamical Downscaling Projection of Future Climate Change in the Laurentian Great Lakes Region Using a Coupled Air-Lake Model

Chuliang Xiao, Brent M. Lofgren, Jia Wang, Philip Y. Chu

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: dynamic downscaling; WRF-Lake; CMIP5; great lakes

Online: 25 July 2018 (06:06:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201704.0035.v1

Higher Ocean Surface Wind Speeds During Marine Cold Air Outbreaks

Erik W. Kolstad

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: polar lows; meteorology; cold air outbreaks; mesoscale; air–sea interaction; numerical modelling

Online: 6 April 2017 (16:26:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201709.0134.v1

Incorporating Satellite Precipitation Estimates into a Radar-Gage Multi-Sensor Precipitation Estimation Algorithm

Yuxiang He, Yu Zhang, Robert Kuligowski, Robert Cifelli, David Kitzmiller

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: multi-sensor fusion; satellite; radar; precipitation

Online: 27 September 2017 (04:09:22 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201708.0077.v1

Modeling of the Stepping Process of Negative Lightning Stepped Leaders

Vernon Cooray, Liliana Arevalo

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Lightning; Stepped leader; Space leader; Space stem

Online: 22 August 2017 (17:28:25 CEST)

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Preprint SHORT NOTE | doi:10.20944/preprints201805.0347.v1

Characteristics of Diablo-like Wind conditions in Northern California Based on a Climatology from Surface Observations

Craig Smith, Benjamin Hatchett, Michael Kaplan

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Diablo winds; downslope windstorms; Northern California; wildfire meteorology

Online: 24 May 2018 (10:16:13 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0504.v1

Steps of The Asian Giants: Modeling the Body Size Related Foraging Ecology of Meganthropus palaeojavanicus, a 8 Feet Hominid in Central Java

Andri Wibowo

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: body size; foraging; hominid; slope; terrain

Online: 19 November 2020 (11:06:21 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201705.0029.v2

Causal Pathways for Temperature Predictability from Snow Depth

Erik W. Kolstad

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: soil moisture; snow cover; snow depth; seasonal prediction; land–surface feedbacks; cryosphere

Online: 30 June 2017 (12:04:04 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201705.0029.v3

Causal Pathways for Temperature Predictability from Snow Depth

Erik W. Kolstad

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: snow depth; snow cover; soil moisture; snowmelt; seasonal prediction; land-atmosphere feedbacks

Online: 23 August 2017 (08:05:47 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202105.0654.v1

The Effect of Street Orientation on Outdoor Thermal Comfort in a Cold Mountainous Climate

Narges Delpak, Hassan Sajadzadeh, Saide Hasanpourfard, Farshid Aram

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Thermal Comfort; Outdoor Space; Microclimate Simulation; Street Orientation; Physiological Equivalent Temperature

Online: 27 May 2021 (08:02:05 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202107.0690.v1

Assessing Low-Cost Terrestrial Laser Scanners for Deriving Forest Structure Parameters

Atticus E. L. Stovall, Jeff W Atkins

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: tls; tree; QSM; PAVD; foliage; sensor; lidar

Online: 30 July 2021 (09:32:59 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0320.v1

Pretreatment Studies of Biohydrogen Production from Agro-Industrial Waste

R. Raghulchandrana, A. Tamizhini, A.V Snehya, Ramendra Pati Pandey

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: Bio hydrogen; photo-fermentation; agro-waste

Online: 10 November 2020 (15:05:24 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201709.0064.v2

Impact of Grid Nudging Parameters on Dynamical Downscaling during Summer over Chinese Mainland

Xiaoping Mai, Yuanyuan Ma, Yi Yang, Deqin Li, Xiaobin Qiu

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: grid nudging; downscaling; WRF; nudged variable; nudging time; nudged level

Online: 25 September 2017 (16:55:35 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints201711.0194.v1

The Role of NWP Filter for the Satellite Based Detection of Cumulonimbus Clouds

Richard Mülller, Stephane Haussler, Matthias Jerg

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: cumulonimbus; thunderstorms; stability filter; aviation

Online: 30 November 2017 (07:37:21 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202011.0028.v1

Pore Pressure Analysis for Distinguishing Earthquakes Induced by CO2 Injection from Natural Earthquakes

Chanmaly Chhun, Takeshi Tsuji

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: pore pressure; CO2 injection; induced earthquakes; seasonal earthquakes; remote earthquakes; seismogenic faults

Online: 2 November 2020 (11:17:06 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202012.0468.v1

Developing High-Resolution Gridded Rainfall and Temperature Data for Bangladesh: The ENACTS-BMD Dataset

Nachiketa Acharya, Rija Faniriantsoa, Bazlur Rashid, Razia Sultana, Carlo Montes, Tufa Dinku, S.M.Q. Hassan

Subject: Environmental And Earth Sciences, Atmospheric Science And Meteorology Keywords: climate data; gridded product; data merging

Online: 18 December 2020 (13:29:38 CET)

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Environmental and Earth Sciences