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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1294.v1

The Influence of Nano-emulsion Derived from Neem Oil on Nematode Infestation and Soil Microbial Activity

Ashwaq M. Alnemari, N. S. Mustafa, Mohamad F. El-Dahshouri, E. M. A Noweer, Ibrahim A. Matter, U. S. Elkelany, H. H. Shaarawy, M. A. Hassoub, Rasha E. Selim, Raghda M. Zuhair

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: root knot nematodes; nematode infection; bio-control; neem oil, nano-emulsion; fig seedlings; eco-friendly mechanism ;

Online: 18 April 2024 (16:56:48 CEST)

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Preprint BRIEF REPORT | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1276.v1

Improved Evaluation of Seedling Cultivation Efficiency in Coconut Coir Substrate through the Addition of Diverse Nutrient Sources

Zheng Liu, Xinyu Liu, Liqun Ge

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: coconut coir; seedling substrate; cucumber; rice; nutrient source

Online: 18 April 2024 (15:03:17 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1190.v1

Transcriptome Sequencing and Metabolome Analysis Reveals the Regulatory and Molecular Mechanism of Grain Filling Rate in Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica L.)

Yuetao Han, Peiyue Zhao, Yuan Zhao, Min Liu, Erhu Guo, Guoliang Wang, AiYing Zhang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: foxtail millet; grain filling rate; transcriptome; metabolome; auxin

Online: 18 April 2024 (13:47:42 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1222.v1

Disentangling the Physiological Responses of Sweet Orange Citrus Trees to Optimize the Design of Deficit Irrigation Strategies

Alfredo Emilio Rubio-Casal, Victor Hugo Durán-Zuazo, Iván Francisco García-Tejero

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Chlorophyll fluorescence; thermography; crop physiology; drought stress

Online: 18 April 2024 (13:38:06 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1226.v1

Lime Application Reduces Methane Emissions from a Double-Cropped Rice Field under the Substitution of Chemical Fertilizers by Pig Manure

Jinsong Liu, Yuxuan He, Jin Chen, Shan Huang, Yanni Sun

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: soil acidification; organic amendment; methane; nitrous oxide; rice yield

Online: 18 April 2024 (11:24:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1151.v1

Deciphering the Role of Waxy Gene Mutations in Enhancing Rice Grain Quality: From Molecular Insights to Breeding Soft Rice Varieties

Yong Yang, Lihui Zhou, Linhao Feng, Jianying Jiang, Lichun Huang, Qing Liu, Yadong Zhang, Changquan Zhang, Qiaoquan Liu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: soft rice; low amylose; grain transparency; Wx; eating and cooking quality

Online: 18 April 2024 (07:15:51 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1082.v1

Intercropping as a Strategy for Weed Management in Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.)

Ángel M. Villegas-Fernández, Ahmed A. Amarna, Juan Moral, Diego Rubiales

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: allelopathy; faba bean; intercropping; weeds

Online: 17 April 2024 (07:21:10 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1076.v1

Detection of Individual Crop and Canopy Delineation from UAV Imagery

Freda Dorbu, Leila Hashemi-Beni

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Precision Agriculture; Computational geometry; Canopy Height Model, Voronoi; Local maximum; Segmentation

Online: 16 April 2024 (17:21:32 CEST)

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Precise monitoring of individual crop growth and health status is crucial for precision agriculture practices. However, traditional manual inspection methods are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and often lack the spatial resolution required for detailed analysis. This research addresses the need for efficient and high-resolution crop monitoring by leveraging Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) imagery and advanced computational techniques. The primary objective was to develop a methodology for precise identification, extraction, and monitoring of individual corn crops throughout their growth cycle. This was achieved by integrating UAV-derived data with image processing, computational geometry, and machine learning techniques. UAV imagery was ac-quired bi-weekly at altitudes of 40m and 70m, capturing the entire growth cycle of a corn crop from planting to harvest. A time-series Canopy Height Model (CHM) was generated by analyzing the differences between the Digital Terrain Model (DTM) and the Digital Surface Model (DSM) derived from the UAV data. Local spatial analysis and image processing techniques were em-ployed to determine the local maximum height of each crop. Subsequently, a Voronoi data model was developed to delineate individual crop canopies, successfully identifying 13,000 out of 13,050 corn crops in the study area. For enhanced accuracy in canopy size delineation, vegetation indices were incorporated into the Voronoi model segmentation, refining the initial canopy area esti-mates by eliminating interference from soil and shadows. The proposed methodology enables precise estimation and monitoring of crop canopy size, height, biomass reduction, lodging, and stunted growth over time, providing valuable insights for precision agriculture practices. This work contributes to the scientific community by demonstrating the potential of integrating UAV technology, computational geometry, and machine learning for accurate and efficient crop mon-itoring at the individual plant level.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.1002.v1

From Plants to Pixels: The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Identifying Sericea Lespedeza

Aftab Siddique, Kyla Cook, Yasmin Holt, Sudhanshu Panda, Ajit K. Mahapatra, ERIC Rene MORGAN, Jan A. Van Wyk, Thomas H Terrill

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Convolution Neural network, weight decay, learning rate, sericea lespedeza

Online: 16 April 2024 (10:52:19 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0906.v1

Age and Density of Mated Females Affect Dispersal Strategies in a Spider Mite

Peng Zhou, Xiong Z. He, Chen Chen, Qiao Wang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: age-specific reproduction; population density; resource competition; dispersal probability; dispersal distance

Online: 15 April 2024 (05:46:58 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0870.v1

Selection of Improved Banana Diploid Resistant to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Races 1 and Subtropical 4

Welly Sacramento Santana, Anelita de Jesus Rocha, Wesley Barreto da Silva, Vanusia B. Oliveira Amorim, Andresa Priscila de Souza Ramos, Fernando Haddad, Edson Perito Amorim

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Musa spp; genetic resistance; Fusarium wilt

Online: 15 April 2024 (04:25:42 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0752.v1

Influence of Agro-industrial Waste Composts on Soil Characteristics, Growth Dynamics, and Yield of Red Cabbage and Broccoli

Angela Maffia, Federica Marra, Santo Battaglia, Mariateresa Oliva, Carmelo Mallamaci, Muscolo Adele

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Waste Compost; Soil fertility; Broccoli Calabrese; Red Cabbage, soil amendments.

Online: 11 April 2024 (12:57:54 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0794.v1

Electronic Nose and GC-MS Analysis to Detect Mango Twig Tip Dieback in Mango (Mangifera indica) and Panama Disease (TR4) in Banana (Musa acuminata)

Wathsala Ratnayake, Stanley E. Bellgard, Hao Wang, Vinuthaa Murthy

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: electronic nose; headspace GC-MS analysis; Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA); Principal Component Analysis (PCA); Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC); Chemometric Data Analysis (CDA); Panama Disease (TR4); Mango Twig Tip Dieback (MTTD)

Online: 11 April 2024 (11:13:59 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0707.v1

Agroforestry: A Sustainable Land-Use Practice for Enhancing Productivity and Carbon Sequestration in Madhupur Sal Forest, Bangladesh

Mst. Sohela Afroz, S. M. Kamran Ashraf, Md. Tanbheer Rana, Saleha Khatun Ripta, Sumaiya Binte Rahman Asha, S. M. Sanjida Tasnim Urmi, HYAKUMURA KIMIHIKO, Kazi Kamrul Islam

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Agroforestry, Carbon Sequestration, Productivity, Madhupur Sal Forest, Sustainable land-use practice

Online: 10 April 2024 (10:28:15 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0687.v1

Revealing Hidden Genes in Botrytis cinerea: New Insights into Genes Involved in the Biosynthesis of Secondary Metabolites

Ivonne Suárez, Isidro G. Collado, Carlos Garrido

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Botrytis cinerea; secondary metabolism; polyketide synthase; non-ribosomal peptide synthetase; sesquiterpene cyclase; diterpene cyclase; dimethylallyltryptophan synthase; bioinformatics; fungal pathog

Online: 10 April 2024 (07:24:12 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0583.v1

Ultrasound Assisted Alkaline Pretreatment of Biomass to Enhance the Extraction Yield of Valuable Chemicals

Adina I. Gavrila, Anamaria Vartolomei, Ioan Calinescu, Mircea Vinatoru, Oana C. Parvulescu, Grigore Psenovschi, Petre Chipurici, Adrian Trifan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: ultrasound; lignin; wood residue; enzymatic hydrolysis

Online: 8 April 2024 (15:38:08 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0494.v1

Assessing Herbicide Efficacy and Susceptibility for Weed Management and Enhancing Production of Non-GMO Soybean Cultivation

Muhammad Awais Arshad, Rana Nadeem Abbas, Abdul Khaliq, Zaheer Ahmed

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Susceptibility index, soybean, weed management, herbicides, crop yield, agriculture, Pakistan.

Online: 8 April 2024 (10:15:09 CEST)

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Soybean (Glycine max L.) is a vital leguminous crop known for its rich nutritional profile, includ-ing high protein and oil content, making it a valuable resource in global agriculture and human nutrition. In Pakistan due to regulatory issues non-GMO soybean is grown therefore, the universal herbicide control method is not applicable. Similarly, for other crops, specific herbicides are avail-able but for soybean no crop specific herbicide is present. A comprehensive study was conducted over two growing seasons, in 2022 and 2023, at Agronomic Research Farm University of Agri-culture Faisalabad. The research involved 16 different treatments, including both six pre-emergence and eight post-emergence herbicides as well as a control group and weedy check. Findings of this study showed that critical importance of weed management in soybean cultiva-tion, as unchecked weed infestation can lead to substantial yield losses. Among the pre-emergence herbicide S-Metolachlor + Pendimethalin performed best and showed higher plant height (54.33 cm & 53.67 cm), 100 grain weight (11.57 g & 12 g), seed yield plant-1 (13.07 g and 12.87 g), lower Susceptibility Index (10%), higher weed control percentage (91.21% & 95.65%) higher weed con-trol efficiency (92.02% & 93.43%), herbicide efficiency index (27.54% & 32.48%) and lower weed index (18.16% & 21.70%) during 2022 and 2023 respectively. However, in post emergence herbi-cide the Fluizefop-p-butyl is most effective herbicide due to less crop injury 10% Susceptibility In-dex, higher plant height (42.67 cm & 44 cm), whole plant weight (93.33 g & 95 g), 100-grain weight (11.40 g & 11.77 g), seed yield plant-1 (12.87 g & 13.13 g), higher weed control percentage (91.12% & 91.03%) higher weed control efficiency (89.73% & 92.36%, herbicide efficiency index (21.18% & 30.41%) and lower weed index (19.42% & 20.08%) in both 2022 and 2023 respectively. Notably, herbicides such as S-Metolachlor + Atrazine + Mesotrione, Topramezone, Mesosulfu-ron-methyl + Iodosulfuron-methyl sodium and Mesotrione + Atrazine led to complete plant mor-tality, resulting lethal to soybean. The findings of this study support the hypothesis that screened the best suitable herbicides with less plant injury, and higher efficiency index. So, it is recom-mended that the application of S-Metolachlor + Pendimethalin as PRE and Fluizefop-p-butyl as POST showed the least injury and best weed control results with higher grain yield.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0465.v1

Analyzing the Genetic Variation and Geographic Distribution Patterns of Xanthomonas citri pv. citri Strains: Significance for Developing Sustainable Control Methods in Citrus Production in Burkina Faso

Kevin Ben Fabrice Zerbo, Florence Yameogo, Issa Wonni, Irénée Somda

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Citrus; Xanthomonas citri pv. citri; TAL effectors; Type 3 effectors; Burkina Faso

Online: 8 April 2024 (06:17:45 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0425.v1

Mapping and Omics Integration: Towards Precise Rice Disease Resistance Breeding

John Christian Ontoy, Jong Hyun Ham

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Oryza sativa; disease resistance; QTL mapping; omics; integrative approach

Online: 5 April 2024 (15:01:48 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0405.v1

Optimizing Planting Methods for Sustainable Pomegranate Cultivation in the Shallow Gravelly Land of Central Deccan Plateau Region, India

Rajagopal Vadivel, Kotha Sammi Reddy, Yogeshwar Singh, Dhananjay D. Nangare

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: planting approach; soil types; pits dimension; shallow gravelly land; pomegranate tree growth; fruit yield; fruit quality; Leaf nutrient content; sustainability

Online: 5 April 2024 (09:21:30 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0389.v1

Toward Enhanced Seed Potato Yield: Exploring Ultrasonication Techniques in Agricultural Engineering

Piotr Pszczółkowski, Barbaś Piotr, Alaa K. Farhan, Barbara Krochmal-Marczak, Barbara Sawicka

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Cultivation technology; Agricultural engineering; Piezoelectric transducers; Genetic traits; Environmental conditions; Climate adaptation; Ultrasonication; Seed potato

Online: 5 April 2024 (08:23:38 CEST)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0344.v1

Effect of Rhizobium Seed Inoculation on Grain Legume Yield and Protein Content – a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Enas Khalid Sufar, Gultekin Hasanaliyeva, Juan Wang, Paul Bilsborrow, Leonidas Rempelos, Nikolaos Volakakis, Marcin Baranski, Carlo Leifert

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Rhizobium; Bradyrhizobium, grain legumes; grain yield; grain protein content; bean; soybean; chickpea; lentil

Online: 4 April 2024 (09:18:09 CEST)

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Variable and sometimes contrasting effects of using artificial rhizobium inocula to increase grain legume performance have been reported. The objectives of this systematic review and meta-analysis were therefore to (i) estimate the overall effect of rhizobium inocula on grain yield and protein content and (ii) identify potential confounding factors that explain the observed variation. A web of Science database literature search was carried out in 2016. Data from all field experiments, greenhouse and pot experiments that compared grain yields and protein contents in Rhizobium/Bradyrhizobium-inoculated with non-inoculated control crops were extracted and analyzed using previously described unweighted and weighted meta-analysis protocols. GRADE assessments of the strength of evidence of results from the weighted meta-analyses were carried which included an assessment of the risk of publication bias. Results: For unweighted meta-analyses we identified eligible data in 236 and 36 studies for grain yield and protein content respectively. For weighted meta-analyses we identified eligible data in 92 and 8 studies for grain yield and protein content respectively. Rhizobium inoculation was found to (i) significantly increase grain yield in both the unweighted (mean percent difference: 41%, 95%CI 36,46, p<0.0001) and weighted meta-analysis (Standardized mean difference: 1.56, 95%CI 1.26,1.87, p<0.0001) and (ii) significantly increase protein content in the unweighted meta-analysis (mean percent difference: 11%, 95%CI 5,18, p<0.0001), but not the weighed meta-analyses which only detected a trend (0.1>p>0.05) towards higher protein content in inoculated grain legume crops. Multi-level model-based weighted meta-analyses suggest that the (i) type of experiment, (ii) type of fertilizer used in experiments, (iii) grain legume type/species and (iv) the country in which experiments were carried out, were confounding factors. The main limitation of the evidence is that a large number of publications did not report measures of variation and could therefore not be included in the more scientifically sound weighted meta-analyses. However based on the large evidence-base available for grain yield it can be concluded that overall Bradyrhizobium/Rhizobium seed inoculation results can increase grain yield by ~40% compared with non-inoculated grain legume crops.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0286.v1

Plant Biostimulants Enhance Bud Break in Vitis vinifera Crimson Seedless

Nicole C Venter, Eunice Avenant, Theunis Nicolaas Kotze, Paul Norman Hills, John Paul Moore

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Vitis vinifera, Crimson Seedless, bud break, plant biostimulant, hypoxia

Online: 3 April 2024 (11:56:31 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0082.v1

Effects of Nitrogen Application at Different Levels by a Sprinkler Fertigation System on Crop Growth and Nitrogen-Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat in the North China Plain

Keke Wang, Haijun Liu, Zhuangzhuang Gao

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: winter wheat; nitrogen application rates; nitrogen adsorption curve; water and fertilizer use efficiency

Online: 1 April 2024 (12:25:33 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0017.v1

Evaluation of Agronomic Performance, Forage Yield, and Nutritive Value of Desho Grass Varieties (Pennisetum glaucifolium) under Supplementary Irrigation in Sayo District, Western Ethiopia

Fikre Dereba, Zemene Worku, Diriba Geleti

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Desho grass; Dry matter yield; In vitro digestibility; Nutritive value; Varieties

Online: 1 April 2024 (11:51:45 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202404.0007.v1

Dynamics of moisture and nutrients in the root zone, actual evapotranspiration (ETr), and irrigation efficiency in avocado trees of highland and midland orchards of Michoacán, México.

Luis Mario Tapia-Vargas, Anselmo Hernández-Pérez, Juan Carlos Álvarez-Hernández, José Ariel Ruiz-Corral

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: avocado water requirement; water use efficiency; temperate climate avocado; semi-warm climate avocado

Online: 1 April 2024 (10:02:29 CEST)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1864.v1

Assessing the Impact of Mulching-Induced Warming on the Zoning of Machine-Picked Cotton Planting Areas Based on Selected Indicators

Yuanshuai Dai, Hui Zhang, Gang Li, Mingfeng Yang, Xin Lv

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Agricultural climate indicators; Agricultural climate zones; Cotton; Xinjiang

Online: 29 March 2024 (17:04:50 CET)

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The 20th century, global temperatures underwent significant changes, impacting agricultural climate zones worldwide. Xinjiang, China, a key player in machine-picked cotton production, was influenced by various heat-related indicators(sum of active temperature ≥ 10℃、mean temperature in July、climatological growing season length, April-May sum active temperature、Last spring frost, and Defoliator spray time). Using meteorological data from 58 weather stations in Xinjiang, we examined the spatio-temporal trends of these indicators during the period of 1981-2020. Additionally, we considered the effects of climate warming and plastic mulching on the sowing area and zoning area of machine-picked cotton in different suitable zones. Overall, Xinjiang experienced an trend in heat resources, with a pattern of "more in the southern part than the northern part, and more in plains and basins than in mountainous areas." Under climate warming conditions, the sowing area of the most suitable cotton zone and the suitable cotton zone has increased, while the sowing area of the moderately suitable cotton zone and unsuitable cotton zone has decreased. Under the plastic mulching mechanism, a comparison of the zoning area and sowing area from 1991 to 2020 revealed that there was no difference in the zoning area of the most suitable zone compared to the sowing area, while the zoning area of the suitable zone increased by 15.7% (2.15×103km2) compared to the sowing area. The zoning area of the moderately suitable zone decreased by 14.5% (0.26×103km2), and the unsuitable zone decreased by 7.8% (0.17×103km2) compared to their respective sowing areas. These results indicate that climate warming and plastic mulching have increased the cultivable area of machine-picked cotton in Xinjiang, but there are also instances of unreasonable zoning. It is necessary to allocate land resources reasonably based on climatic conditions to ensure the healthy development of the cotton industry in Xinjiang.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1849.v1

Long-Term Organic Cultivation in Greenhouses Enhances Vegetable Yield and Soil Carbon Accumulation through the Promotion of Soil Aggregation

Lihong Tong, Yingjun Liu, Tian Lan, Xiayan Liu, Lechuan Zhang, Adu Ergu, Yajie Wen, Xiang Liu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: organic cultivation; soil aggregates; organic carbon fraction; microbial community; enzyme activity

Online: 29 March 2024 (13:20:51 CET)

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The long-term use of fertilizers and pesticides in conventional cultivation has resulted in a decrease in soil productivity and vegetable yields in greenhouses. However, only a limited number of studies have explored the impacts of organic cultivation on greenhouse soil. Specifically, there is a scarcity of research examining the alterations in soil aggregate mediated organic carbon and microbial communities, which are known to enhance soil productivity. This study investigated the properties of soil aggregates, including the levels of organic carbon fractions, microbial community, and enzyme activity with the three aggregate classes microaggregates (<0.25 mm), small macroaggregates (2-0.25 mm) and large macroaggregates (>2 mm). These investigations were conducted under three different cultivation methods in a greenhouse: conventional cultivation (CC), integrated cultivation (IC), and organic cultivation (OC) in greenhouse. The results showed that (1) OC and IC promoted the formation of small macro-aggregates and enhanced aggregate stability compared to CC, (2) SOC in the three size fractions of OC increased by 98.99%-92.06% compared to CC; EOC increased by 98.47%-117.59%; POC increased by 138.59%-208.70%; MBC increased by 104.71%-230.61%; DOC increased by 21.93%-40.90%, respectively; (3) Organic cultivation significantly increased enzyme activity in all three particle size aggregates and increased the relative abundance of bacteria in micro-aggregates as well as the relative abundance of fungi in small macro-aggregates. Structural equation model (SEM) analysis revealed that organic farming practices fostered the development of smaller macro-aggregates, elevated microbial and enzyme activities within soil aggregates, and facilitated the conversion of soil nutrients and carbon sequestration. consequently, this led to an increase in soil organic carbon content and improved vegetable yield in greenhouse environments. In conclusion, the soil carbon content and vegetable yield are enhanced through long-term organic cultivation in greenhouses, primarily by increasing the proportion of small macro-aggregates.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1804.v1

Arbuscular Mycorrhizae for Sustainable Cultivation of Grasses

Neimar F. Duarte, Eduardo J. A. Correa, Bakhytzhan Yelikbayev, Marcela Claudia Pagano

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: grass; arbuscular mycorrhizae; Urochloa; soil carbon; grasses

Online: 29 March 2024 (10:25:12 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1814.v1

Comprehensive Assessment of the Multi-cropping Effect on the Agroecosystems

Jovita Balandaitė, Kęstutis Romaneckas, Rasa Kimbirauskienė, Aušra Sinkevičienė

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: maize; hemp; faba bean; multifunctional crop; complex analysis; CEI

Online: 29 March 2024 (06:44:57 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1786.v1

Isolation and Identification of New Pathogen Causing Sunflower Disk Rot in China

Jianfeng Yang, Jian Zhang, Wenbing Zhang, Mandela E Addrah, Baoyu Liu, Jun Zhao

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: sunflower disk rot; Fusarium verticillioides; new pathogen; fungicide screenings

Online: 29 March 2024 (03:58:43 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1617.v1

In Vitro Screening of Endophytic Micromonospora Strains Associated with White Clover for Biological Control of Phytopathogenic Fungi and Promotion of Plant Growth

Wojciech Sokołowski, Sylwia Wdowiak-Wróbel, Monika Marek-Kozaczuk, Michał Kalita

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Micromonospora; plant growth promotion; biological control; endophytes; phytopathogenic fungi; multilocus sequence analysis

Online: 27 March 2024 (16:17:22 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1662.v1

Multi-locational Evaluation of Forage-suited Selected Sudan Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L. R.Br.) Accessions Identified High-Yielding and Stable Genotypes in Irrigated, Arid Environments

Sara A. E. Babiker, Mohammed A. M. Khair, Abdelraheem A. Ali, Mohamoud A. M. Abdallah, Asim M. E. Hagelhassan, Eltahir I. Mohamed, Nasrein M. Kamal, Hisashi Tsujimoto, Izzat S. A. Tahir

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Forage yield; genotype × environment interaction; stability; pearl millet; arid environments.

Online: 27 March 2024 (09:06:06 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1652.v1

Unravelling the Function of the Sesquiterpene Cyclase STC3 in the Life Cycle of Botrytis cinerea

Víctor Coca-Ruiz, Ivonne Suárez, Josefina Aleu, Jesús M. Cantoral, Celedonio González, Carlos Garrido, Nélida Brito, and Isidro G. Collado

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Botrytis cinerea; sesquiterpene cyclase; secondary metabolism; metabolites and sesquiterpenes

Online: 27 March 2024 (08:20:35 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1507.v1

Analysis of Genotype X Environment Interaction for Grain Yield of Wheat Genotypes Using Biplot Method

Yared Belete, Hussein Shimelis

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: biplot method; covariate traits; genotype x environment interaction; grain yield; Triticum aestivum; indirect selection ;

Online: 26 March 2024 (07:59:46 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1420.v1

Diversifying the UK Agrifood System: A Role for Underutilised Crops

Sayed Nader Azam-Ali, Peter John Gregory, Ebrahim Jahanshiri

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: food security; nutritional security; underutilised crops; diversification; collective action; knowledge hub; CropBASE

Online: 25 March 2024 (13:17:22 CET)

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Supply chain disruptions, a pandemic, and war in Ukraine have exposed faultlines in a globalised food system that depends on a few staple crops grown in a few exporting regions and transported to consumers around the world. In the UK, just three crops, (wheat, barley, and oilseed rape), account for 75 per cent of the UK’s 4.5 million hectares of arable land whilst the country imports around half its food - nearly 40 per cent from just four EU countries (the Netherlands, Ireland, Germany, and France). Poor diets contribute to one in seven deaths in the UK, 63 per cent of the population is overweight or obese and health inequality is increasing between the poorest and most affluent regions. The food security and health of the UK population is therefore dependent on a small number of locally grown crops, vulnerable supply chains, and an unhealthy, obesogenic diet. The UK food system must diversify if it is to become food and nutritionally secure, meet its climate and biodiversity goals and have a healthy and active population. Climate resilient and nutritious underutilised crops can help diversify the UK agrifood system but, research and investment in them is sporadic, piecemeal, and unfocused. In this paper we compare two approaches to identifying potentially suitable underutilised crops for the UK. The first, based on Defra Project CH0224 was delivered through literature and database searches and expertise of growers, advisers, breeders, seed suppliers, processors, traders, and researchers. The second, used the CropBASE digital knowledge base for underutilised crops described in Jahanshiri et. al. (2023). The two approaches produced no single crop that was common to both shortlists. We propose that the analytical and predictive tools derived from CropBASE could be combined with local knowledge and expertise from the Defra project to provide a common framework for the identification of underutilised crops that are best suited to local UK circumstances now and in climates of the future.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1451.v1

Pythium banihashemianum sp. nov. and Globisporangium izadpanahii sp. nov. Two New Oomycete Species from Rice Paddies in Iran

Fatemeh Salmaninezhad, Reza Mostowfizadeh-Ghalamfarsa, Santa Olga Cacciola

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Pythium; Oryza sativa; Multigene phylogenetic analysis; Taxonomy; Pathogenicity; Root and crown rot

Online: 25 March 2024 (08:53:52 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1426.v1

Canopy Characteristics of Gamba Grass Cultivars and Their Effects on the Weight Gain of Beef Cattle under Grazing

Gustavo José Braga, Allan Kardec Braga Ramos, Marcelo Ayres Carvalho, Carlos Eduardo Lazarini Fonseca, Claudio Takao Karia

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Andropogon gayanus; Cerrado; leaf; stem; Planaltina; BRS Sarandi

Online: 25 March 2024 (07:52:55 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1387.v1

Changes in Soil Chemical Properties and Bacterial Community Composition of Jujube Orchard Due to Oil Cake Fertilization

Heeson Park, Kiyoon Kim, Denver Inladchang Walitang, R. Z. Sayyed, Tongmin Sa

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Jujube; soil chemical properties; bacterial community; oil cake; organic fertilization; Illumina sequencing

Online: 23 March 2024 (09:23:30 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1294.v1

Sustainable Intensification of the Montado Ecosystem: Evaluation of Sheep Grazing Systems and Soil Amendment

Emanuel Carreira, João Serrano, Shakib Shahidian, Paulo Infante, Luís L. Paniagua, Francisco J. Moral, Luís Paixão, Carlos Pinto Gomes, José Lopes de Castro, Mário Carvalho, Alfredo Franco Pereira

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Deferred grazing; continuous grazing; floristic composition; Dolomitic limestone; preferred location; grazing; observations grazing; soil compaction.

Online: 22 March 2024 (08:15:42 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1358.v1

Performance and Stability Analysis of Extra-early Maturing Provitamin A Maize Hybrids under Drought Stress and Well-Watered Conditions

Tégawendé O. Bonkoungou, Baffour Badu-Apraku, Victor O. Adetimirin, Kiswendsida R. Nanema, Idris I. Adejumobi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: drought tolerance; multiple trait base index; multiple-trait genotype-ideotype distance index; stability; sub-Saharan Africa

Online: 22 March 2024 (06:37:16 CET)

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Maize is an important staple food crop in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, the average grain yield on farmers’ fields falls considerably short of the demand of the region’s population. In addition, the normal endosperm maize widely consumed in SSA is deficient in vitamin A. Drought, a consequence of climate change, is a major constraint to maize production, resulting in seasonal low grain yield in farmers’ fields. The objectives of this study were to assess the performance of newly developed extra-early maturing provitamin A hybrids under managed drought and well-watered conditions, compare the outcomes of multiple trait base-index and multi-trait genotype-ideotype distance index selection procedures, and identify drought-tolerant hybrids with stable performance across contrasting environments for commercialization in SSA. One hundred and ninety provitamin A hybrids and six checks were evaluated under managed drought and well-watered conditions at Ikenne for two seasons between 2021 and 2023. A 14*14-lattice design was used for the field evaluations under both research conditions. Drought stress was achieved by the complete withdrawal of irrigation water 25 days after planting. Results revealed significant differences among the hybrids under drought and well-watered conditions. Grain yield, ears per plant, and plant aspect under managed drought were correlated to the same traits under well-watered conditions suggesting that the expression of these traits is governed by common genetic factors. Twenty-nine hybrids were identified as top-performing drought-tolerant hybrids by the multiple trait base index and multiple-trait genotype–ideotype distance index. Of the selected outstanding 29 hybrids, 34% were derived from crosses involving the tester TZEEIOR 197, demonstrating the outstanding genetic potential of this inbred line. Further analysis of the 29 selected hybrids revealed TZEEIOR 509 × TZEEIOR 197 as the hybrid that combined the most drought-tolerant adaptive traits. However, the hybrids TZEEIOR 526 × TZEEIOR 97, TZEEIOR 384 × TZEEIOR 30, TZEEIOR 515 × TZEEIOR 249, TZEEIOR 510 × TZEEIOR 197, TZEEIOR 479 × TZEEIOR 197, and TZEEIOR 458 × TZEEIOR 197 were identified as the most stable hybrids across drought and well-watered conditions. These hybrids should be extensively tested in multi-location trials for deployment and commercialization in SSA.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1285.v1

Trichoderma virens and Pseudomonas chlororaphis Differentially Regulate Maize Resistance to Anthracnose Leaf Blight and Insect Herbivores When Grown in Sterile versus Non-sterile Soils

Pei-Cheng Huang, Peiguo Yuan, John M. Grunseich, James Taylor, Eric-Olivier Tiénébo, Elizabeth A. Pierson, Julio S. Bernal, Charles M. Kenerley, Michael V. Kolomiets

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Trichoderma virens; Pseudomonas chlororaphis; induced systemic resistance; jasmonic acid; Spodoptera frugiperda; Diabrotica virgifera virgifera

Online: 22 March 2024 (03:19:43 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1123.v1

Efficiency of Nitrogen Fertilization in Millet Irrigated with Brackish Water

Geocleber Gomes De Sousa, Francisco Hermeson Rodrigues Costa, José Thomas Machado de Sousa, Murilo De Sousa Almeida, Silas Primola Gomes, Claudivan Feitosa De Lacerda, Thales Vinícius De Araújo Viana, Samuel de Oliveira Santos, Francisco Barroso da Silva Júnior, Fernando Bezerra Lopes, Silvio Carlos Ribeiro Vieira Lima, Alexsandro Oliveira da Silva

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Nitrogen; Penissetum glaucum L.; Salinity, Plant nutrition; Photosynthesis

Online: 21 March 2024 (04:28:47 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1134.v1

Investigating Genetic Diversity and Population Structure in Rice Breeding from Association Mapping of 116 Accessions Using 64 Polymorphic SSR Markers

Alok kumar Singh, Devendra Kumar, Donato Gemmati, Ranjith Kumar Ellur, Ashutosh Singh, Veronica Tisato, D.K. Dwivedi, Sanjay Kumar Singh, Kishor Kumar Sadasivuni, Nawaz Ahmad Khan, Ajay Vikram Singh

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Rice; Population structure; Genetic diversity; PIC; Association mapping; Variability

Online: 20 March 2024 (04:45:59 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1085.v1

Biochemical Composition of Tubers of New Russian Potato Cultivars Depending on Growing and Storage Conditions

Alla Solovyeva, Elena Rogozina, Nadezhda Chalaya, Maksim Sitnikov

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Solanum tuberosum; dry matter; starch; protein; ascorbic acid; carotenoids; anthocyanins; total acidity; reducing sugars; phenolic compounds; antioxidant activity; meteorological conditions of the growing season

Online: 19 March 2024 (10:17:31 CET)

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Fourteen Russian potato cultivars (cvs.) grown for three years in field plots of VIR (Northwestern region of the Russian Federation) were evaluated for productivity and a number of biochemical parameters of tubers. The 12 parameters that have been evaluated in tubers annually one month after harvesting and after cold storage (at 2 - 4°C) include the content of dry matter, starch, protein, ascorbic acid, carotenoids and β-carotene, anthocyanins, total sugars and monosaccharides (reducing sugars), phenolic compounds, as well as total acidity, and antioxidant activity. The cultivars differed significantly in productivity and biochemical composition of tubers. Dry matter content ranged from 16.40% in cv. ʻKumachʼ to 27.28% in ʻNayadaʼ, starch content ranged from 8.96 % in cvs. ʻFioletovyjʼ, ʻKumachʼ to 20.08% in ‘Sokur’, the total sugar content reached 2.46% in cv. ʻSiverskij’ whereas ‘Sokur’ has the smallest content of reducing sugars in post-harvest tubers. Protein content ranged from 1.02% to 2.77% with the highest accumulation in cv. ʻSokurʼ. Content of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) ranged from 6.3 mg/100 g FW in ʻKrasa Meŝeryʼ to 26.6 mg/100 g FW in cv. ʻKrasavchikʼ. Carotenoids content ranged from 0.157 mg/100 g FW in cv. ‘Nayada’ to 0.645 mg/100 g FW in cv. ʻGrandʼ. Content of anthocyanins in potato ranged from 1.04 mg/100g FW (not colored tubers of cv. ʻKrasa Meŝeryʼ) to 283.04 mg/100g FW (colored tubers of cv. ʻFioletovyiʼ). The nutritional value of tubers (content of dry matter, sugars, starch and protein) was determined to a greater extent (38-49%) by varietal characteristics, rather than by meteorological conditions in vegetation period. The content of vitamin C, carotenoids, protein and anthocyanins varied depending on the year. The highest content of dry matter, starch and carotenoids was noted in tubers harvested in 2019, marked by low temperatures and precipitation deficit in growing season. The conditions of 2020 with low temperatures and excess precipitation were the most favorable for anthocyanin’s accumulation in potato tubers while not for other biochemical parameters. Of the cultivars, ʻSokurʼ had the highest content of dry matter, protein and starch. Cv. ʻFioletovyiʼ had small starch content and high level of anthocyanins. Cv. ʻPlamyaʼ can be recommended for potato products manufacturing due to dry matter content above 20% and reducing sugars content 0.24%..

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.1026.v1

The Impact of Magnesium on the Growth, Physiology and Quality of Tea Plants under Acid Stress

XinHang LV, Haimin Kong, Yubo Luo, Dubi Dong, Wenbin Liu, Dongtao Wu, Zhengqian Ye, Jiawei Ma, Dan Liu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: magnesium; tea plant; acid stress; antioxidant enzymes; lipid peroxidation; tea quality

Online: 18 March 2024 (12:18:49 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0999.v1

A Method to Estimate Climate Drivers of Maize Yield Predictability Leveraging Genetic-by-Environment Interactions in the US and Canada

Parisa Sarzaeim, Francisco Muñoz-Arriola

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Sensitivity Analysis; Maize Yield Predictability; Genetic by Environment Interactions (GxE)

Online: 18 March 2024 (09:25:54 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0953.v1

Fruit Quality Traits and Nutritional Value of Tomato F1 Hybrids Derived from Traditional Varieties

Alicia Sánchez Sánchez, Virginia Hernández, Elena Sánchez, Elia Molina, Nuria Lopez, Adrian Rodríguez-Burruezo, José Fenoll, Pilar Flores, Pilar Hellín

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Landraces, tomato breeding, fruit quality, evaluation index

Online: 18 March 2024 (09:05:46 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0939.v1

Alternatives Cover Crops and Soil Managements Modified Macronutrients, Enzymes Activities and Soil Microbial Diversity in Rainfed Olive Orchards (cv.Chétoui) under Mediterranean Conditions in Tunisia

ELHADDAD Fadoua, Hechmi Chehab, Julio Antonio Calero González, Abdelhamid Sifiane, Garcia Roberto

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: cover crops; Olive tree; legumes and grasses; dehydrogenase; carbon utilization sources.

Online: 15 March 2024 (15:44:43 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0807.v1

Willow (Salix acmophylla) Leaf and Branch Extracts Inhibit In Vitro Sporulation of Coccidia (Eimeria spp.) from Goats

Manal Haj-Zaroubi, Nariman Mattar, Sami Awabdeh, Rawad Sweidan, Alex Markovics, Joshua D. Klein, Hassan Azaizeh

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Ethanol extracts; Plant secondary metabolites; Coccidia sporulation; Eimeria sp.; willow genotypes

Online: 14 March 2024 (11:12:28 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0648.v1

Transcriptomic Analysis to Identify Melatonin-mediated Salt-responsive Genes During the Germinated Stage of Alfalfa

Zirui Liu, Xiangling Ren, Wenxuan Zhu, Yingao Li, Guoming Li, Caifeng Liu, Defeng Li, Yinghua Shi, Chengzhang Wang, Hao Sun, Xiaoyan Zhu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: alfalfa; salt stress; melatonin; transcriptomics; differentially expressed genes

Online: 12 March 2024 (04:39:02 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0568.v1

Risk Factor Analysis and Genetic Parameter Estimation for Pre-weaning Mortality Traits in Boer, Spanish, and Crossbred Goat Kids

Liuhong Chen, William Foxworth, Scott Horner, Mustafa Hitit, Negusse Kidane, Erdogan Memili

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: pre-weaning mortality; risk factors; goat; genetic parameter

Online: 11 March 2024 (17:44:10 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0622.v1

Revealing Consequences of the Husking Process on Nutritional Profiles of Two Sorghum Races on the Male Sterility Line

Maha Khalfalla, László Zsombik, Zoltán Győri

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: ; mineral contents, total protein, husking process, colour profile, S. bicolor, kafirin.

Online: 11 March 2024 (12:05:31 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0614.v1

Population Structure and Genetic Diversity of Ajuga Arabica in Saudi Arabia: A Comparative Analysis of DNA and Gene Sequences

Mohammad Odah

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Ajuga arabica, Genetic Diversity, Population Structure, DNA Sequence, Gene Sequence.

Online: 11 March 2024 (11:02:33 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0512.v1

Decision Support System for Lespedeza Cuneata Production and Quality Evaluation: A WebGIS Dashboard Approach to Precision Agriculture

Sudhanshu Panda, Aftab Siddique, Thomas H Terrill, Ajit K. Mahapatra, Eric R. Morgan, Andres PechCervantes, Jan A. Van Wyk

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Site-specific Fodder Management; Sericea Lespedeza; Geographic Information Systems; Remote Sensing

Online: 8 March 2024 (10:04:43 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0440.v1

Partial Substitution of Chemical N with Solid Cow Manure Improved Soil Ecological Indicators and Crop Yield in a Wheat-Rice Rotation System

Jintao Yu, Chun Zhang, Xuan Wang, Hongchuan Li, Yusef Kianpoor Kalkhajeh, Hongxiang Hu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: conventional fertilization; solid cow manure; crop quality; soil nutrients; ecological risk

Online: 7 March 2024 (13:10:19 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0414.v1

Importance of Dark Septate Endophytes in Agriculture in the Face of Climate Change

Victoria Huertas, Alicia Jiménez, Fernando Diánez, Rabab Chelhaoui, Mila Santos

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: DSEs; climate change; drought; salinity; fertilisation

Online: 7 March 2024 (11:05:53 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0276.v1

Design and Experiment of Taking Plate Control System of Edible Sunflower Harvester

Feng Pan, Jincheng Chen, Hui Zhang, Lin Han, Yuncheng Dong, Bin Li, Chao Ji

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: edible sunflower; harvester; taking plate control system; trapezoidal acceleration and deceleration control algorithm; field experiment

Online: 5 March 2024 (16:08:04 CET)

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Aiming at the problems of high labor intensity and high cost of manual picking, high loss rate of mechanical picking seeds, low mechanization level and difficult to guarantee the quality of picking plates in the process of picking plates of edible sunflower. Based on the principle of manual plate taking, a plate taking control system for sunflower harvesting table was designed. Through the research and analysis of the principle of taking the plate of the edible sunflower harvesting table. According to the actual operation requirements, the overall scheme of the sunflower plate control system is determined, and the control strategy of imitating artificial low loss harvesting is designed. To reduce the grain loss in the process of taking the plate and improve the control accuracy of the system on the movement speed and displacement of the key components in the process of taking the plate, a trapezoidal acceleration and deceleration control algorithm is designed as the control algorithm of taking the plate. To verify the working performance of the plate control system, with the absolute error, relative error and total loss rate of the harvest as objectives. The bench and field verification experiments were both carried out. The bench experiment showed that the speed error of the plate parts was not more than 0.028 m/s. In the bench experiments of the device, the maximum positioning error was 1.25 mm, the average relative error is only 0.94 %, and the grain loss rate was not more than 2.26 %. It result showed that the system algorithm was reliable, the positioning accuracy was high, and the taking plate operation can be completed well. The field verification experiment showed that the forward speed of the unit was in the range of 0.4~0.8 m/s, and the total loss rate of harvest was less than 5 %. When the forward speed is 0.6 m/s, the minimum harvest loss rate is 2.32 %, and which indicated the control system meets the requirements of sunflower harvesting operation.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0258.v1

Morphometric Adjustment in Meloidogyne enterolobii to Botanical Chemicals in Sorghum Cultivars with a Wide Degree of Pre-infectional Nematode Resistance

Phatu William Mashela, Kgabo Martha Pofu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Adjustment; Botanical chemicals; Hydrostatic pressure; Meloidogyne enterolobii; Morphometrics; Nematode-sorghum interactions; Pseudocoelom

Online: 5 March 2024 (12:30:43 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0205.v1

The Probiotic Paradox: Thriving in High-Hopped Sour Beer Bitter

Marcos Edgar Herkenhoff

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: craft beer; probiotic; gene expression; PMA-qPCR; RT-qPCR; microbiological resistance to hops.

Online: 5 March 2024 (12:25:02 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0248.v1

Improved Production of Marandu Palisade Grass (Brachiaria brizantha) with Mixed Gelatin Sludge Fertilization

Eduardo André Ferreira, Joadil Gonçalves De Abreu, Wininton Mendes Da Silva, Danielle Helena Müller, Dalilhia Nazaré Dos Santos, Cassiano Cremon, Oscarlina Lúcia Dos Santos Weber, Aaron Kinyu Hoshide, Daniel Carneiro De Abreu, Maybe Lopes Gonçalves, José Advan Pereira Pedrosa Júnior

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Brachiaria brizantha; pasture management; nitrogen; residue management; sustainability; wastewater

Online: 5 March 2024 (10:55:42 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0244.v1

The Effect of Genome Parametrization and SNP Marker Subsetting on Genomic Selection in Autotetraploid Alfalfa

Nelson Nazzicari, Nicolo Franguelli, Barbara Ferrari, Luciano Pecetti, Paolo Annicchiarico

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: legumes; alfalfa; genomic selection; SNP calling pipeline; autotetraploidy; polyploidy; genome parametrization; SNP subsetting

Online: 5 March 2024 (10:25:28 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0235.v1

Impact of Fruit Load on the Replenishment Dynamics of Internal Water Reserves in Olive Trees

Efthymios Kokkotos, Anastasios Zotos, Vassilios Triantafyllidis, Angelos Patakas

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: nocturnal sap flow; replenishment of internal reserves; alternate bearing; olive tree water relations

Online: 5 March 2024 (05:57:16 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0125.v1

Using Plant Growth Promoting Bacillus pumilus Strains in Mitigation of Heavy Metals in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa)

S M Nazmuz Sakib

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Bioremediation, lettuce, heavy metal, permissible limits and Bacillus strains.

Online: 4 March 2024 (09:11:21 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0031.v1

Fluorescently Tagged Verticillium dahliae to Understand the Infection Process on Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and Its Survival on Other Plants including Weed Species

Andrew Chen, Sabrina Morrison, Aphrika Gregson, Duy P. Le, Andrew S. Urquhart, Linda J. Smith, Elizabeth A.B. Aitken, Donald M. Gardiner

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Reporter genes; plant host and pathogen interactions; Green Fluorescent Protein; 'mCherry' Red Fluorescent Protein; alternative weed host; Nicotina benthamiana; Vegetative Compatibility Groups 1A and 2A; Defoliating and non-defoliating pathotypes

Online: 1 March 2024 (10:42:29 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0013.v1

Economic and Environmental Feasibility of Variable Rate Nitrogen Application in Potato by Fusion of Online Visible and Near Infrared (Vis-NIR) and Remote Sensing Data

Muhammad Qaswar, Danyal Bustan, Abdul Mounem Mouazen

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Precision fertilizer application; Proximal soil sensing; Modelling; Predicted maps; Data fusion; Vis-NIR spectroscopy

Online: 1 March 2024 (07:57:39 CET)

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Addressing within field spatial variability for nitrogen management to avoid over and under-use of nitrogen is crucial for optimizing crop productivity and ensuring environmental sustainability. In this study we investigated the economic, environmental and agronomic benefits of variable rate nitrogen application in potato (Solanum tuberosum). An online visible and near infrared (vis-NIR) spectroscopy sensor we utilized to predict soil moisture content (MC), pH, total organic carbon (TOC), extractable phosphorus (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), and cation exchange capacity (CEC) using a partial least squares regression (PLSR) models. The crop's normalized difference vegetation Index (NDVI) from Sentinel-2 satellite images was incorporated to online measured soil data to derive fertility management zones (MZs) maps, after homogenous raster and clustering analyses. The MZs maps were categorized into high fertile (VR-H), medium-high fertile (VR-MH), medium-low fertile (VR-ML), and low fertile (VR-L) zones. A parallel strip experiment compared variable rate nitrogen (VR-N) with uniform rate (UR) treatments, adjusting nitrogen levels based on fertility zones as: 50% less for VR-H, 25% less for VR-MH, 25% more for VR-ML, and 50% more for VR-L zones compared to the UR treatment. Results showed that the VR-H zone received a 50% reduction in N fertilizer input and demonstrated a significantly higher crop yield compared to the UR treatment. This implies a potential reduction in negative environmental impact by lowering fertilizer costs while maintaining robust crop yields. In total, the VR -N treatment received an additional 1.2 Kg/ha of nitrogen input, resulting in a crop yield increase of 1.89 tons/ha. The relative gross margin for the VR-N treatment compared to the UR treatment 374.83 €/ha, indicating substantial profitability for the farmer. To further optimize environmental benefits and profitability, additional research is needed to explore site-specific application of all farm resources through precision agricultural technologies.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0015.v1

Long-Term Effects of Different Tillage Systems and Their Impacts on Soil Properties and Crop Yields

Vaida Steponavičienė, Giedrius Žiūraitis, Aušra Rudinskienė, Vaclovas Bogužas

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Soil Organic Carbon; CO₂ Emissions; Soil Resilience; Crop Yield; Sustainable Agriculture

Online: 1 March 2024 (07:55:54 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1689.v1

Agricultural Significance of Antibiotic Resistance Pattern in Selected Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria Strains

Olaoluwa AJAYI, Deborah C. C. Nwodo, Temiloluwa Adedeji, Vincent H. Oguguwa, Mahamadi DIANDA, Obasola E. Fagade

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Bradhyrhzobim; Soil pollution; Microbial resistance; Farm runoffs; Bioremediation

Online: 29 February 2024 (11:40:59 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1719.v1

Isothermal Nucleic Acid Amplification-Based Lateral Flow Testing for Detection of Plant Viruses

Xuemei Song, Yuhao Cao, Fei Yan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Isothermal; lateral flow; detection; plant virus; on-site; LAMP; RPA

Online: 29 February 2024 (09:58:47 CET)

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Preprint COMMUNICATION | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1633.v1

Small Farm Holder Cropping Systems Influence Microbial Profiles in an Equatorial Rainforest Agroecosystem

Christine Matindu, Nimalka M. Weerasuriya, Francis Muyekho, Irena F. Creed, R. Greg Thorn, Anthony W. Sifuna

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: cropping systems; maize-bean; microbial profiles; sugarcane; soil properties; equatorial rainforest

Online: 28 February 2024 (13:48:59 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1573.v1

Advancing Agricultural Sustainability in Tropical Climates: Harnessing the Potential of Green Manuring

Fábio Cunha Coelho, Claudia Lopes Prins, Jaídson Gonçalves da Gonçalves da Rocha, Vanessa Pereira de Jesus, Nathália Souza Teixeira, Priscila Pixoline Eiras, Amilly Santos Vaz

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: agroecology; intercropping; legumes; nitrogen cycles; organic matter; organic farming

Online: 27 February 2024 (15:41:12 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1538.v1

Impacts of Crop-Specific Agricultural Practices on the Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Soil and Their Potential Availability to Plants

Giorgi Gventsadze, Giorgi Ghambashidze, Zaur Chankseliani, Ioseb Sarjveladze, Winfried E.H. Blum

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: soil fertility; soil contamination; heavy metals; agricultural practices; plant nutrients

Online: 27 February 2024 (12:27:45 CET)

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Maintaining sufficient levels of plant nutrients in the soil and controlling certain heavy metals, which can be toxic to the environment, are critical to ensure sustainable agricultural production. The study aimed to assess the linkage of crop-specific agricultural practices established by farmers in the Kvemo Kartli region (Georgia) with metal accumulation in soils of agricultural lands being subject to influence from polluted irrigation water in the past. In particular, we tried to identify the primary sources of micronutrients, including iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn), and toxic elements such as cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb), and share of the contaminated irrigation water and other factors related to agricultural practices under different land uses, such as intensive and extensive arable farming, vineyards, orchards, and permanent pastures having the least disturbed soil. Based on principal component analysis, five primary sources were identified and categorized according to farmers' interviews and previous studies conducted in the region. The results showed that increased concertation of plant-available Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb were mainly associated with irrigation water and intensive use of fungicides; Fe, Mn, and Ni were closely linked to several factors, such as the mineralogical composition of soils, mineral and organic fertilizers inputs, and atmospheric deposition from diffuse sources, where exhausts from transport are probably the primary source. During our study, we attempted to differentiate irrigation water inputs from fungicides using simulation based on irrigation pattern and irrigation water quality on the one hand and fungicide application rate and their metal content on the other. The simulation revealed that the intensive application of fungicides, especially in vineyards, is more significant in enriching soils with Cu and Zn than irrigation water. Identification of factorial dependences was supported by statistical analysis and application of a number of contamination assessment methods: Contamination Factor (CF), Pollution Load Index (PLI), single-factor Pollution Index (PI), Nemerow’s comprehensive pollution index (PIN), Enrichment Factor (EF), and Geo-Accumulation Index (Igeo). Applied environmental indices indicate that the soils under the former and existing vineyards are the most enriched with Cu and Zn, highlighting the significance of agricultural practices on heavy metals accumulation in soils of agricultural lands.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1497.v1

The Influence of Combined Pruning and the Use of Root Application of Two Biostimulants and Foliar Nutrition on the Growth and Flowering of Panicle Hydrangea Plants

Sławomir Świerczyński, Ilona Świerczyńska

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Panicle Hydrangea; varieties; container cultivation; nursery; additional care treatments

Online: 27 February 2024 (08:06:19 CET)

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The experiment assessed the impact of the interaction of two care treatments on the growth and flowering of two varieties of Panicle Hydrangea bushes. The first treatment considered was plant pruning. The second simultaneous treatment was one of the three mentioned, root application of Trichoderma atroviride and BlackJak biostimulator and foliar application of a multi-component fertilizer. The strongest impact on improving the length of hydrangea shoots compared to the control (18%) had their simultaneous pruning and inoculation of the plants with Trichoderma atroviride mycelium. These two treatments used together also increased the number of flowers (16-47% depending on the variety) and the fresh weight of plants (10-28%) compared to the control. The application of T. atroviride alone improved the number of flowers in both varieties (19-24%) and the diameter of inflorescences in the 'Silver Dollar' one (17%). Foliar nutrition in particular increased the mass of plants, depending on the variety and pruning, from 7 to 57%, as well as the diameter and number of inflorescences, but only in one of the varieties considered. Combined with pruning, it intensified the growth of shoots of both varieties (5-10%). The use of the BlackJak biostimulator gave ambiguous results. When pruning plants, the length of shoots improved (15%) for one of the tested varieties and the fresh weight for the other (18%). Without pruning, it increased the number of flowers (16%) and the diameter of inflorescences (9%) in one of the varieties considered, as well as the fresh weight of plants in both varieties (19-21%). Pruning the plants, regardless of the other treatments used, increased the length of the shoots and the fresh mass of the plants. On the other hand, it reduced the number of flowers and their diameter. In most cases, positive effects of the use of biostimulants and foliar fertilization on improving the growth and flowering of plants were obtained. After their use in combination with plant pruning, an improvement in the growth of hydrangea bushes was observed, while the number and diameter of flowers were reduced. The most beneficial care treatments for the growth and flowering of panicle hydrangea were the simultaneous application of T. atroviride and pruning of plants during container cultivation in a nursery.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1407.v1

Pentastiridius leporinus as a Vector of Phloem Restricted Pathogens on Potato: ‘Candidatus Arsenophonus Phytopathogenicus’ and ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’

Eva Therhaag, Bernd Schneider, Kerstin Zikeli, Michael Maixner, Jürgen Gross

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Pentastiridius leporinus; potato; Stolbur; proteobacterium; transmission; gBlocks; choice-trial; Cixiidae

Online: 26 February 2024 (09:33:14 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1397.v1

Regional-Scale Cotton Yield Estimate in the Brazilian Cerrado Using Simple Linear Regression Models with Time-Series of Vegetation Indices from EOS-MODIS Satellite Data

Daniel A. B. de Siqueira, Carlos M. P. Vaz, Flávio S. Silva, Ednaldo J. Ferreira, Eduardo A. Speranza, Júlio C. Franchini, Rafael Galbieri, Jean L. Belot, Márcio de Souza, Fabiano J. Perina, Sérgio das Chagas

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: remote sensing; yield prediction; cotton; Brazilian Cerrado

Online: 26 February 2024 (07:25:18 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1307.v1

Characterization of Nutritional Potential of Amaranthus sp. Grain Production

Alexandru Mătieș, Cornel Negrușier, Oana Roșca Mare, Olimpia Smaranda Mintaș, Gabriela Zanc (Săvan), Antonia Cristina Maria Odagiu, Luiza Andronie, Ioan Păcurar

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: morpho-productive traits; correlations; food; seed

Online: 23 February 2024 (10:33:02 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1347.v1

Aroplectrus dimerus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), Ectoparasitoid of the Nettle Caterpillar, Darna pallivitta (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae): Evaluation in the Hawaiian Islands

Juliana A. Yalemar, Walter T. Nagamine, Renato C Bautista, Dexter Y Cho, Larry M Nakahara, Mohsen M. Ramadan

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: host specificity; reproductive performance; colonization; parasitism rates; secondary parasitism; moth traps catch; Eulophidae; Limacodidae

Online: 23 February 2024 (04:34:20 CET)

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The stinging nettle caterpillar, Darna pallivitta (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae) is a serious invasive pest of agricultural products and a health hazard on the Hawaiian Islands first discovered in 2001. Nursery workers and homeowners have been stung by the caterpillars while handling their plants, especially rhapis palms (Rhapis sp.). Throughout its invaded range, it causes widespread damage including the many cultivated and native palm species grown in Hawaii. Of medical importance are the stinging spines of the larva, which cause dermatitis on contact with the skin. Horticulture and nursery products impacted by the limacodid pest are estimated at $84.3 million (2018 value). An eradication attempt with pesticides and lure traps was made but proved unsuccessful and the moth population continued to spread to major Hawaiian Islands (Hawaii, Kauai, Maui, Oahu). The introduction of specific biological control agents from the native region was thought to be the long-term solution for this invasive pest. Initial exploration in Indonesia and Thailand resulted in the introduction of a pupal ectoparasitoid, Nesolynx sp. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae: Tetrastichinae), that was not specific. The oriental wasp, Aroplectrus dimerus Lin (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae: Eulophinae), idiobiont gregarious ectoparasitoid of the stinging nettle caterpillar, was introduced from Taiwan in 2004 for host specificity studies and biocontrol in Hawaii. Host range testing showed the parasitoid attacked only limacodid species and it was approved for field release in 2010. The parasitoid identity, host specificity under containment facility conditions, reproductive performance, colonization on the major infested sites were assessed. A total of 13379 parasitoids were colonized on162 release sites on four Hawaiian Islands. Evaluations were conducted using field surveys of larvae, pupal counts, and male lure traps. Field parasitism was thoroughly investigated on Oahu Island averaging 18.9 ± 5.6 % of 3923 collected larvae during 2010 – 2023. The numbers of male moths caught/trap/month were significantly reduced on Oahu Island (P

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1293.v1

A Critical Review of Risk Assessment Models for Listeria monocytogenes in Produce

Ursula Gonzales-Barron, Vasco Cadavez, Juliana De Oliveira Mota, Laurent Guillier, Moez Sanaa

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: systematic review; exposure assessment; listeriosis; leafy greens; vegetables; fruits

Online: 22 February 2024 (09:52:11 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1209.v1

Genome-Wide Association Study of Seed Morphology-Related TRAITS in Sorghum Mini Core and Senegalese Lines

Ezekiel Ahn, Sunchung Park, Zhenbin Hu, Vishnutej Ellur, Minhyeok Cha, Yoonjung Lee, Louis K. Prom, Clint W. Magill

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Sorghum; Seed; Mini core collection; Senegalese; Seed morphology; Seed color; GWAS

Online: 21 February 2024 (14:53:52 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1216.v1

Mapping Garlic Crops and Change Analysis in the Erhai Lake Basin Based on Google Earth Engine

Wenfeng Li, Jiao Pan, Wenyi Peng, Yngzhi Li, Chao Li

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: GEE; Erhai Lake Basin; Garlic Extract; Feature Selection; Random Forest

Online: 21 February 2024 (10:23:03 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1187.v1

Toward Enhanced Plant Immunity: Unveiling the Role of Brassinosteroids in Abiotic and Biotic Stress Response

Barbara Sawicka*, Piotr Barbaś, Bernadetta Bienia, Dominika Skiba, Piotr Pszczółkowski, Barbara Krochmal-Marczak

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: plant hormones; gene expression; BR functions; antimicrobial actions; immunity mechanisms; plant stress

Online: 21 February 2024 (04:00:51 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1114.v1

The Difference in Shoot Metabolite Profiles of Wild and Cultivated Barley in Response to Four Nitrogen Forms

Shama Naz, Siffat Ullah Khan, Farah Kanwal, Ameer Khan, Gouping Zhang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: barley; shoot tissue; genotypes; metabolomics; N fertilizers forms

Online: 20 February 2024 (08:53:42 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1055.v1

Identification and Transformation of a New Powdery Mildew Resistance Gene PmCAHM From Landrace Changanhongmai Into Common Wheat

Xueyan Chen, Yongfu Wang, Guohao Han, Jianzhong Fa, Qingqing Tan, Guoxia Liu, Hong Zhang, Yajuan Wang

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: common wheat; powdery mildew; molecular marker; genetic population

Online: 20 February 2024 (04:32:10 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.1069.v1

GWAS in a Collection of Bulgarian Old and Modern Bread Wheat Accessions Uncovers Novel Genomic Loci for Grain Protein Content and Thousand Kernel Weight

Tania Kartseva, Vladimir Aleksandrov, Ahmad M. Alqudah, Mian Abdur Rehman Arif, Konstantina Kocheva, Dilyana Doneva, Katelina Prokopova, Andreas Börner, Svetlana Misheva

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: association mapping, candidate genes, grain protein content, TKW, grain quality, grain yield, Triticum aestivum L.

Online: 19 February 2024 (15:26:36 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0944.v1

Development of a Decision Support System for Animal Health Management Using Geo-Information Technology: A Novel Approach to Precision Livestock Management

Sudhanshu Panda, Thomas H. Terrill, Aftab Siddique, Ajit K. Mahapatra, Eric R. Morgan, Andres PechCervantes, Jan A. Van Wyk

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Geospatial Technology; Site Specific Forage Management (SSFM); Decision Support System (DSS); Radio Frequency Identification (RFID); Animal Health Remote Management (AHRM); Smartphone App Development

Online: 19 February 2024 (14:34:57 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0996.v1

Infrared Thermography of Teat in French Dairy Alpine Goats: A Promising Tool to Study Animal-Machine Interaction during Milking but Not to Detect Mastitis

Pierre-Guy Marnet, Alejandro B. Velasquez, Alen Dzidic

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Goat; IRT; thermography; SCC; mastitis; machine milking; teat shape; udder balance

Online: 19 February 2024 (08:00:24 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0966.v1

Genetic Variability and Interrelationships of Grain Quality, Cooking Quality and Nutritional Quality Traits in Cowpea: Implication for Cowpea Improvement

Michael M. Chipeta, Esnart Yohane, Jessica Kampanje-Phiri, John Kafwambira

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Consumer-preferred traits; cowpea, genetic variability; interrelationships; quality traits

Online: 19 February 2024 (03:32:06 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0904.v1

Identifying Antagonistic Rhizobacterial Strains with Biocontrol Potential against Cercospora beticola and Assessing Their Growth-Promoting Effects on Beta vulgaris

Zakariae El Housni, Said Ezrari, Nabil Radouane, Abdessalem Tahiri, Abderrahman Ouijja, Khaoula Errafii, Mohamed Hijri

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Biological control; Cercospora beticola; Cercospora leaf spot; Plant-Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria; Sugar beet

Online: 16 February 2024 (10:25:57 CET)

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Cercospora beticola Sacc. is an ascomycete pathogen that causes Cercospora leaf spot in sugar beets (Beta vulgaris L.) and other related crops. The disease symptoms are characterized by circular lesions with an ash-gray centre and dark brown to purple margins on the leaves. It can lead to significant yield losses if not effectively managed. This study aims to characterize and assess the impact of bacterial biological control agents against C. beticola. Following a dual-culture screening, 18 bacteria exhibiting over 50% inhibition were selected, with six of them demonstrating more than 80% control. Identification of the bacteria was carried out through sequencing of the16S rDNA, revealing potentially 12 species belonging to six genera including Bacillus which was represented by four species. Additionally, the bacteria underwent in-depth characterization of biochemical and molecular properties, as well as plant-growth promotion. PCR detection of genes responsible for producing antifungal metabolites revealed that 83%, 78%, 89%, and 56% of the selected bacteria possessed the bacillomycin, iturin, fengycin, and surfactin encoding genes, respectively. Infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed the presence of lipopeptide structure in the bacteria supernatant filtrate. Subsequently, the bacteria were assessed for their effect on sugar beet plants in controlled conditions. The bacteria exhibited notable capabilities, promoting growth in both roots and shoots, resulting in significant increases in root length, weight, and shoot length. The field experiment with four bacterial candidates demonstrated good performance against C. beticola compared to difenoconazole fungicide. These bacteria played a significant role in disease control, achieving a maximum efficacy of 77.42%, slightly below the 88.51% efficacy attained by difenoconazole. Additional field trials are necessary to verify the protective and growth-promoting effects of these candidates, whether applied individually, combined in consortia, or integrated with chemical inputs in sugar beet crop production.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0860.v1

MoNOT3/5 Subunit Is Important Roles in Infection-Related Development and Stress Responses in Magnaporthe oryzae

Youngmin Kim, Miju Jo, Sunmin An, Yerim Lee, Eu Ddeum Choi, Min-Hye Jeong, Ki-Tae Kim, Sook-Young Park

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: appressorium; CCR4-NOT complex; conidiation; functional analysis; Magnaporthe oryzae; pathogenicity

Online: 16 February 2024 (01:56:25 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0841.v1

Development of Tetramycin-loaded Core-Shell Balls with Hot/Wet-Response Releasing Property for the Control of Bacterial Wilt Disease

Juntao Gao, Guan Lin, Xinmin Deng, Junxian Zou, Yong Liu, Xingjiang Chen, Shiwang Liu

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Tetramycin; Ralstonia solanacearum; kernel-shell granules; wet-temperature dual response; Ralstonia solanacearum

Online: 15 February 2024 (09:28:10 CET)

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Ralstonia solanacearum is the pathogen responsible for Ralstonia solanacearum, which is soil-borne, infests plant conduits to cause disease.They are not easy to control and are harmful.Therefore the development of a controlled-release agent responsive to the pathogen's soil temperature and moisture conditions could aid in its control. Corn kernel powder is used as a carrier for Tetramycin biopesticide, with various compounds tested for bonding.They were then made by extrusion moulding.Temperature and wetness responsive components, including Pentaerythritol Tetrastearate, Pentaerythritol Tetraoleate, Polyethylene Glycol Stearate, and Polyethylene Glycol Monooleate,are compounded and coated onto Tetramycin cores to form an intermediate shell layer. Finally, Ethyl cellulose(EC)and Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose(HPMC) are dissolved and sprayed onto the outermost layer to complete the pellet's shell layer.After the evaluation of texture performance test,DSC analysis,TG test,temperature and humidity response performance test, as well as pellet cross-section SEM observation, field effectiveness test, etc., the preferred formulations were screened.The results showed that the preferred Core formulation:Corn kernel powder:Tetramycin aqueous:Xanthan gum mass ratio=13.5:23:2; Intermediate Shell layer:PETS: PETO: PEG400MO mass ratio=10:30:10; and Outer Shell layer: Ethyl cellulose (EC):Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) mass ratio=5:1.Under soil conditions of high incidence of Ralstonia solanacearum, i.e., sustained warmth (30-35℃) and high humidity (30% moisture content), the formulated pills showed a release rate of 95.18% to 96.24% over a period of 35 days. Moreover, they showed a stepwise cyclic release process under alternating warm and humid-dry and cold conditions.In field tests on tobacco, a relative preventive efficacy of 54.74% was achieved 106 days post-transplanting. Soil bacterial community structure analysis revealed a significant decrease (2.28-2.84 times) in the abundance of Solanaceae Raelia under Tetramycin pellet treatment compared to the control. Additionally, fungal community structure showed highter consistency initially across various soil depths, with diversity differences between soil layers reestablished later (106 days), while the predominant categories of bacteria and fungi remained unchanged.In this study, we successfully developed a nucleoshell-type slow-controlled release pill embedded with Tetramycin. This pill effectively responded to temperature and humidity changes, resulting in high efficacy in disease prevention.This development holds significant promise for effectively improving drug utilization and easing application challenges, offering broad prospects for Ralstonia solanacearum prevention and control in agriculture.

Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0783.v1

Postharvest Alternatives in Banana Cultivation

Maritza Dolores Ruiz Medina, Jeny Ruales

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Banana; poscosecha; Musa Paradisiaca; alternativas poscosecha; Musá; ceas

Online: 14 February 2024 (07:23:19 CET)

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Preprint REVIEW | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0741.v1

Fruit crop species for agrivoltaic systems: state of the art

Andrea Magarelli, Andrea Mazzeo, Giuseppe Ferrara

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Fruit species; agrivoltaics; yield; quality; microclimate

Online: 13 February 2024 (11:50:24 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0706.v1

A Comparison of the Attractiveness of Grape Juice after Different Fermentation Times for Drosophila suzukii and D. simulans in a Field Experiment

Irmgard Tiefenbrunner, Wolfgang Tiefenbrunner

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Drosophila suzukii; Drosophila simulans; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Pinot Blanc; grape juice; fermentation; attractant liquid; attractant trap

Online: 13 February 2024 (08:17:01 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0660.v1

Boro Nutrition in Coffee Improves Drought Stress Resistance and in Interaction with Calcium Improves Long-Term Productivity

Victor Hugo Ramirez-Builes, Jürgen Küsters, Ellen Thiele, Luis Alfredo Leal Varon

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: coffee; water stress; caffeine; fatty acids; productivity

Online: 13 February 2024 (07:12:55 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0672.v1

Characterization Among and within Sicilian Tetraploid Wheat Landraces by Grain Storage Protein Analysis

Samuela Palombieri, Marco Bonarrigo, Silvia Potestio, Francesco Sestili, Bernardo Messina, Giuseppe Russo, Claudia Miceli, Benedetto Frangipane, Marco Genduso, Chiara Delogu, Lorella Andreani, Stefania Masci

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: durum wheat; landraces; traceability; gliadin; glutein subunits

Online: 12 February 2024 (13:15:39 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0682.v1

Genome-Wide Association Analysis for Yield-Related Traits and Candidate Genes in Vegetable Soybean

Hongtao Gao, Guanji Wu, Feifei Wu, Yonggang Zhou, Xunjun Zhou, Keheng Xu, Yaxin Li, Wenping Zhang, Kuan Zhao, Jing Yan, Chen Feng, Nan Wang, Haiyan Li

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Vegetable soybean; plant height; agronomic trait; fresh pods height; GWAS.

Online: 12 February 2024 (11:52:08 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0670.v1

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Rhizobium Improve Nutrient Uptake and Microbial Diversity Relative to Dryland Site-Specific Soil Conditions

Rosalie Calderon, Sadikshya Dangi

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: field pea, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), Rhizobium, microbial inoculants, symbiosis, microbiome, agroecosystem, drylands

Online: 12 February 2024 (10:12:05 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0479.v1

Effect of Warm-Dry Storage And Supplemental Application of Gibberellins on The Lipid Profile of Chincuya Seeds (Annona purpurea Moc. & Sessé ex Dunal)

ELOÍSA VIDAL-LEZAMA, BENITO REYES-TREJO, ANGEL VILLEGAS-MONTER, HUMBERTO VAQUERA-HUERTA, ALEJANDRINA ROBLEDO-PAZ, ALEJANDRO MARTINEZ-PALACIOS, GISELA FERREIRA

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: germination; dormancy; endodormancy; latency; after ripening; fatty acids; hormonal regulators; de-velopment regulators; anonas soncoya; arachidic acid; palmitic acid; palmitoleic acid; linoleic aci

Online: 8 February 2024 (10:19:09 CET)

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There is sufficient knowledge of the beneficial effect of warm-dry storage on breaking the morpho-logical dormancy of the chincuya (Annona purpurea Moc. & Sessé ex Dunal) seed embryo. Chincuya is an underutilized, tropical wild species native to Mexico, with potential as a biopesticide. The impact of warm-dry storage and gibberellic acid treatment on seed viability and germination was determined to improve that knowledge further. Also, the content and kinetics of fatty acids in chincuya seeds were profiled during warm-dry storage. Seed treatments included storage time (0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months), seed imbibition for 72 h in gibberellic acid at 350 mg L-1, and distilled water im-bibition for 72 h for the control treatment. Seed viability was determined using the TTZ classic test. Imbibed seeds were germinated on paper towels and incubated at 30 °C during the day and 25 °C at night in a 12:12 h dark:light photoperiod. The lipid profile was obtained by gas chromatography. During the storage treatment, seeds stayed in darkness at 25 ± 3 °C. Results showed that high viability remained up to month 9 in storage when it significantly decreased. Freshly harvested seeds germi-nated at a statistically significantly lower rate (26.1 %) than six-month-old seeds (65.6 %). The profile of fatty acids breaks down as palmitic acid (33.41 %), stearic acid (7.72 %), and arachidic acid (1.30 %), for a total of 42.44 % of saturated fatty acids. The detected unsaturated fatty acids (52.15 %) were palmitoleic acid (1.52 %), oleic acid (43.37 %), and linoleic acid (7.24 %). No significant changes were detected in fatty acid content; however, the highest fatty acid content (92.84 %) occurred with the highest germination rate. Regression analysis showed significant content changes: palmitoleic and palmitic acid increased while oleic acid decreased during dry storage. Arachidic acid showed a slight downward trend. Also, fatty acid content significantly differed between intact seeds (unstored and unincubated) and latent seeds (unstored, incubated, and ungerminated). The total fatty acids content for latent seeds was significantly lower. These results show that Annona purpurea seeds present morphophysiological dormancy. Also, we document the highest germination rate reported (65.6 %) and report the presence of arachidic and palmitoleic acids in chincuya seeds.

Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0387.v1

Temporal Synchronization of Nitrogen and Sulfur Fertilization: Impacts on Nutrient Uptake, Use Efficiency, Productivity, and Relationships with Other Micronutrients in Soybean

Azizullah Khalili, Aketi Ramesh, Mahaveer P Sharma

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: Nutrients uptake, productivity, use efficiencies, nitrogen, sulfur, soybean

Online: 6 February 2024 (15:36:41 CET)

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Preprint ARTICLE | doi:10.20944/preprints202402.0354.v1

Trichoderma: Population Structure and Genetic Diversity of Species with High Potential for Biocontrol and Biofertilizer Applications

Adnan Ismaiel, Dilip Kumar Lakshman, Prashant P Jambhulkar, Daniel P Roberts

Subject: Biology And Life Sciences, Agricultural Science And Agronomy Keywords: biocontrol agent; biofertilizer; sustainable agriculture; Trichoderma species; population structure and genetic diversity

Online: 6 February 2024 (13:15:38 CET)

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Biology and Life Sciences