Bipolar neutrosophic set is an important extension of bipolar fuzzy set. This set is a hybridization of bipolar fuzzy set and neutrosophic set. Every element of a bipolar neutrosophic set consists of three independent positive membership functions and three independent negative membership functions. In this paper, we develop cross entropy measures of bipolar neutrosophic sets and prove its properties. We also define cross entropy measures of interval bipolar neutrosophic sets and prove its properties. Thereafter, we develop two novel multi-attribute decision making methods based on the proposed cross entropy measures. In the decision making framework, we calculate the weighted cross entropy measures between each alternative and the ideal alternative to rank the alternatives and choose the best one. We solve two illustrative examples of multi-attribute decision making problems and compare the obtained result with the results of other existing methods to show the applicability and effectiveness of the developed method. In the end, the main conclusion and future scope of research are summarized.

Amebiasis is an intestinal disease transmitted by the protist parasite, Entamoeba histolytica. Lactobacillus acidophilus is a common inhabitant of healthy human gut and a probiotic that has antimicrobial properties against a number of pathogenic bacteria, fungi, and parasites. The aim of this study was to investigate the amebicide activity of L. acidophilus and its mechanisms. For this purpose E.histolytica and L.acidophilus were co-incubated and the parasite’s viability was determined by eosin dye exclusion. The level of ozidized proteins (OXs) in the parasite was determined by resin-assisted capture RAC (OX-RAC). Incubation with L.acidophilus for two hours reduced the viability of E.histolytica trophozoites by 50%. As a result of the interaction with catalase, an enzyme that degrades hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) to water and oxygen, this amebicide activity is lost, indicating that it is mediated by H₂O₂ produced by L.acidophilus. Redox proteomics shows that L. acidophilus triggers the oxidation of many essential amebic enzymes like pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase, the lectin Gal/GalNAc and cysteine proteases (CPs). Further, trophozoites of E.histolytica incubated with L.acidophilus show reduced binding to mammalian cells. These results support L.acidophilus as a prophylactic candidate against amebiasis.

The objective of the paper is to introduce new similarity measure for single valued neutrosophic sets based on logarithm function. We define logarithm similarity measure and their weighted similarity measure for single valued neutrosophic sets. Then we define hybrid logarithm similarity measure and weighted hybrid logarithm similarity measure for single valued neutrosophic sets. We prove the basic properties of the proposed measures. We then define an entropy function using logarithm function to determine unknown attribute weights. We develop a novel multi attribute group decision making strategy for single valued neutrosophic sets based on the weighted hybrid logarithm similarity measure. We address an illustrative example to demonstrate the effectiveness and aptness of the proposed strategies. We conduct a sensitivity analysis of the developed strategy. We also make a comparison between the obtained results from proposed strategies and different existing strategies in the literature.

An undescribed diterpene, stellerterpenoid A (1) and two undescribed sesquiterpenoids, stellerterpenoids B and C (2-3), together with six known compounds, were isolated from the roots of Stellera chamaejasme L. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic data (1D, 2D NMR, IR, UV and HR-ESI-MS). The absolute configuration of 1-3 were elucidated based on ECD calculation. Among of them, stellerterpenoid A was a rare 13, 14 - seco nortigliane diterpenoid and stellerterpenoid B was a guaiacane type sesquiterpenoid with an unusual 1, 2-diketone moiety. The known stelleraguaianone B (5) exhibited moderate activity to suppress NO production in LPS - simulated macrophages with an IC50 value of 24.76 ± 0.4 μM. None of the compounds showed inhibitory influenza virus and tumor activity.