A BIM-Based Framework for Evaluating the Impact of Change Orders on Project Time and Cost in Saudi Construction Projects

Disputes over change orders on construction projects often arise due to varying interpretations and priorities of the key stakeholders, namely the owners, designer and contractor. This problem is particularly evident in the flourishing construction sector of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia due to the delay of large-scale projects. A significant reason for these delays is huge claims on changes orders and traditional means of resolution such as litigation and arbitration are not able to yield timely resolutions. These challenges highlight the need to better manage and assess the impacts of change in a more proactive manner. This research proposes the BIM-based framework which offers the solution to the above-mentioned challenges through the creation of the Integrated Virtual Environment. The setup involves linking Revit for 3D modelling with Navisworks for coordination and visualization, and Primavera for scheduling and cost control into a seamless network. This link allows project information to be displayed in an orderly manner. Furthermore, any changes in design will be connected to the effect on time and cost. In this virtual environment, the framework aims to capture and visualize the effects of change orders in terms of schedule delays and cost overruns. This approach helps the stakeholders to trace how the changes are spreading in different dimensions of the project providing a clearer and common understanding of what changes those will bring. Having more light helps with better conversations, helps with discussions at the start, and helps avoid claims. The overall findings suggest that the combined use of BIM and project management tools may create a consistent virtual platform for the analysis of change orders and their impacts on time and cost. Through a real case study, the framework is developed and validated to showcase its practical capability of aiding decision-making, reducing disputes, and improving overall project performance. The effective management of change is vital in minimizing delays and facilitating better project delivery, especially in the fast-growing construction industry of Saudi Arabia.