Dimensionality-Reduction Regulation of C@M-Zn₂SnO₄(H⁺) for High-Capacity and Durable Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes

Zn₂SnO₄ is a promising anode for lithium-ion batteries owing to its high theoretical capacity, yet its pratical utilization is severely limited by sluggish reaction kinetics, large volume expansion, and unstable electrode/electrolyte interfaces. Here, we intro-duce a dimensionality-reduction strategy that simultaneously boosts capacity and cy-cling stability. Through surfactant-directed crystal growth, acid-etching reconstruction, and hydrothermal carbon coating, compact Zn₂SnO₄ octahedra are controllably trans-formed into sheet-assembled structures and finally into a core–shell composite with a continuous carbon layer (C@M-Zn₂SnO₄ (H⁺)). The continuous structural evolution shortens Li⁺ diffusion paths, buffers mechanical stress, and stabilizes the sol-id-electrolyte interphase without altering the intrinisic lithium-storage mechanism of Zn₂SnO₄. As a result, the optimized C@M-Zn₂SnO₄ (H⁺) electrode delivers a reversible capacity of 650 mAh g⁻¹ after activation and retains 620 mAh g⁻¹ after 600 cycles at 200 mA g⁻¹, with Coulombic efficiency approaching 100% throughout. This work demon-strates that dimensionality-reduction-assisted structural engineering is an effective strategy for developing high-capacity, long-cycle-life anode materials.