Gyromagnetic Ratio of Electrically Neutral Particles: Case of the Neutron

The Dirac equation predicts a gyromagnetic ratio g_D = 2 for charged _spin-1/2 particles and g_D = 0 for neutral ones. The neutron — electrically neutral yet possessing a large magnetic moment with g_N =2−5.82608552(90) —this presents a fundamental challenge to any unified g-factor theory. The standard explanation invokes the neutron’s internal quark structure; in the present framework, which seeks a description in terms of the modified Dirac equation of Papers (I) and (II), an alternative must be found. We extend the framework of Papers (I) and (II) to electrically neutral particles by introducing an effective charge q^eff_N = κ_Hd^N_EDM associated with the neutron’s internal electric dipole moment. This allows the neutron to couple to the ambient magnetic vector potential in analogy with charged particles. Wethen revisit Rutherford’s historical proton–electron composite model of the neutron, resolving its fatal spin objection by extending to a three-body system. We propose that the neutron may very well be aquantumsuperposition of three states: an excited electron (the tauon τ⁻), a de-excited proton (p⁺₁), and an associated neutrino (ν̅ ). Solving the normalization, mass, and magnetic anomaly equations yields probability coefficients P1 ≃ 0.53, P2 ≃ 0, P3 ≃ 0.47, implying that the proton contributes negligibly to the neutron’s bulk properties while the tauon and neutrino dominate nearly equally. Westress that this model is highly speculative and rests on several unverified assumptions, detailed in §(8). Most critically, the system of equations is underdetermined: the neutrino’s effective magnetic anomaly ∆g₃ ≃ −12.37 is not predicted but fitted to reproduce the observed neutron moment. This value exceeds Standard Model expectations by approximately ten orders of magnitude and requires a physical explanation that the present framework does not yet provide. The model should therefore be understood as an exploratory proposal motivating future theoretical and experimental work, not as an established result.