Myth and True Identity of Dark Energy

Dark Energy entered the arena of the speculative physics since 30 years after the observation of the slight acceleration of material bodies established by supernovae used as standard candles in the Gigaparsec distance range. Recent advances in the study of cosmic rays redundantly indicate that galaxy clusters have permanent, steady electrostatic fields of maximum strength of 5 V/m, general centripetal direction and electrostatic potentials 10²¹-10²³ Volt. This work determines for the first time how the slight acceleration of material bodies, in the interval 10^-10- 10^-13 m/s², is caused by electrostatic fields in galaxy clusters and that Dark Energy is electrostatic energy. Unlike matter that is concentrated in galaxies and galaxy clusters, electrostatic energy at cosmic scale is quite diffuse. Empirical evidence of the electrostatic fields is based on the rich and variegated synchrotron emission in galaxy clusters and, notably, on the absence of diffuse gamma rays in galaxy clusters which amounts to three orders of magnitude relative to current, reiterated predictions and on other data.