Submitted:
03 March 2026
Posted:
04 March 2026
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Abstract
The appearance of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) within approximately the first 800 million years after the Big Bang remains subjects of intense scrutiny and debate. In this work, we investigate the growth of black holes in a decaying vacuum. This scenario may offer novel insights into the formation and growth of SMBHs.
Keywords:
\( \Lambda(t) \)CDM model
; vacuum energy
; supermassive black holes
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