Trauma From Wild Boar Encounters During Hunting: A Nationwide Characterization of Injury Patterns and Outcomes in Germany

Background/Objectives: Injuries caused by wild boar during hunting are repeatedly reported worldwide, yet the scientific literature is remarkably sparse and largely limited to isolated case reports, forensic analyses of fatal events or heterogeneous international compilations. Before this study, no structured nationwide data existed for Germany or comparable European hunting systems. This study aimed to systematically characterize wild boar–related hunting injuries and expand the empirical knowledge base. Methods: In this nationwide exploratory study, German hunters who had sustained at least one wild boar–related injury were recruited via hunting journals. Structured physician-led telephone interviews were conducted using a standardized questionnaire. Data were pseudonymized and analyzed descriptively, stratifying injuries into closed, outpatient open and inpatient open categories. Results: A total of 101 injured hunters were included, representing the largest systematically collected cohort of wild boar hunting injuries to date. Most were highly experienced male dog handlers injured during close-range tracking of wounded wild boar. Injuries predominantly involved the lower extremities. Open injuries—particularly those requiring inpatient treatment—were associated with extensive surgical management, higher complication rates, prolonged recovery and persistent functional impairment. Despite severe courses, all participants resumed hunting. Conclusions: This study substantially expands the previously limited evidence base on wild boar–related hunting injuries by providing structured nationwide data across the full spectrum of injury severity. The findings offer transferable insights relevant to hunting practices, prevention strategies and clinical management in international contexts where wild boar populations and hunting activity are increasing.