The agricultural cooperation between China and Africa serves as a pivotal example of international partnership, contributing to sustainable regional development and aligning with SDGs. This review article provides a comprehensive analysis of the state of China- Africa agricultural cooperation, highlighting its achievements, challenges, and prospects. Despite the progress made through technical support, financial aid, and infrastructure development, current efforts often lack a holistic approach to fully utilizing African agricultural resources for sustainable regional advancement. This study synthesizes existing literature, policy documents, and case studies to explore sustainable agricultural development pathways facilitated by regional cooperation with external partners. It delves into the dynamics and characteristics of China- Africa agricultural collaboration, identifies persistent challenges in resource integration, and proposes potential pathways for enhancing development. By highlighting the role of partnerships, this review provides valuable insights for policymakers and contributes to achieving sustainable agricultural development through practical international cooperation.