Pressure Injury Prevention and Measurement in Perioperative Setting: A Mini Review

Background: Pressure injuries (PIs) in surgical settings is a major patient safety concern, contributing to increased morbidity, prolonged hospitalization, and greater healthcare costs. Prolonged immobility, anesthesia, surgical positioning, and device-related pressure place perioperative patients at particularly high risk. This mini review synthesizes contemporary literature on PIs prevention and risk assessment in perioperative environments, with emphasis on the use of specialized tools, particularly the Munro Scale and evidence-based strategies such as optimized support surfaces, positioning, moisture management, and early skin assessment. Comparative findings indicate that the Munro Scale offers superior predictive accuracy for surgical patients compared with the widely used Braden Scale. The review also highlights persistent challenges, including limited implementation, lack of standardization, and insufficient knowledge among perioperative staff. A multidisciplinary, proactive, and individualized approach is essential to effective PI prevention, while future work should prioritize EHR-integrated risk tools, enhanced staff training, and broader adoption of periopera-tive prevention bundles.