Unspoken Distress: Emotional Expression and Mental Health Outcomes in the Context of Racial Violence

This study examines the association between Black women’s emotional responses to racial violence and their mental health outcomes, specifically clinical indicators of anxiety, depression, and hostility. Drawing on self-reported emotions from 384 participants (Mage = 37), this study uses the Multiple Affect Adjective Checklist-Revised (MAACL-R) to assess emotional responses to racial violence and determine whether participants met threshold criteria for mental health risk. Sentiment analysis was applied to participant responses, and linear regression was used to evaluate associations between negative and neutral sentiment scores and clinical outcomes. Findings revealed that negative sentiment scores were significantly associated with higher depression and hostility T scores. Neutral sentiment scores were largely nonsignificant but were weakly negatively associated with anxiety. These results highlight the psychological toll of racial violence, suggesting that negative sentiment, possibly reflecting emotional burden, frustration, or suppressed distress, may be an important indicator of compromised mental health. To better support Black women’s psychological well-being, findings highlight the need for culturally responsive mental health interventions that consider how emotional expression, especially of distress, is shaped by racialized experiences and social context.