Preprint
Review

This version is not peer-reviewed.

Astrology and Personality: A Scientific Framework for Zodiac Typology, Chronobiology, and Biophysical Resonance

Submitted:

14 July 2025

Posted:

15 July 2025

You are already at the latest version

Abstract
Background/Objectives: This review explores whether astrological character typologies—rooted in symbolic archetypes—correlate with measurable patterns in personality psychology, psychiatric epidemiology, and developmental chronobiology. Methods: Drawing on over 100 peer-reviewed studies across psychology, psychiatry, neuroendocrinology, and chronobiology, we examined data on birth-month effects, seasonal neurodevelopment, personality inventories (e.g., Big Five), and psychiatric incidence. These were systematically cross-compared with astrological archetypes to evaluate symbolic alignment with biological traits. Results: Statistically significant associations were observed between season-of-birth and neuropsychiatric outcomes—for example, higher schizophrenia rates in winter births and increased ADHD diagnoses in spring—echoing traditional astrological depictions of psychological imbalance and stimulation. Fire-sign analogues (e.g., Aries, Leo, Sagittarius) showed correlations with extraversion and novelty-seeking, while water-sign types aligned with emotional sensitivity and affective vulnerability. Perinatal light exposure and circadian hormone cycles (e.g. melatonin, dopamine) appear to mediate these patterns. Conclusions: Astrological archetypes may symbolically reflect underlying biopsychological rhythms—capturing trends in temperament, personality structure, and psychiatric risk shaped by seasonal and chronobiological factors.
Keywords: 
;  ;  ;  ;  ;  ;  ;  ;  ;  ;  ;  ;  ;  

1. Introduction

1.1. Background

Astrology, often dismissed as metaphysical lore, may in fact encode a symbolic system of characterological archetypes with deep psychological, biological, and even neurocognitive relevance[1–3]. Rooted in ancient traditions yet psychologically formalized by Carl Jung, astrological typology aligns with the collective unconscious through elemental theory—Fire, Earth, Air, and Water—representing motivational and affective constellations of human behavior [4]. These four elements parallel modern constructs in temperament theory (e.g., choleric, melancholic) and are echoed in neuroscience via dominant affective circuits, such as dopaminergic novelty-seeking (Fire), serotonergic regulation (Water), or prefrontal-executive grounding (Earth) [5,6].
Carl Jung viewed astrology not as superstition, but as a pre-modern psychology encoded in the language of the stars—a symbolic system reflecting projections of the unconscious onto cosmic order. In his letters to Freud and others [4,7], Jung emphasized astrology’s capacity to mirror personality dynamics and synchronicity patterns, forming a bridge between inner psychodynamics and outer temporal patterns. Freud himself, while less enthusiastic, acknowledged the complex role of archetypal symbolism in the psyche, laying the groundwork for modern typological approaches [8,9].

1.2. Modern Relevance and Research Gap

Astrology’s persistent influence among decision-makers in fields such as finance, fashion, and politics underscores its cultural relevance. Far from obsolete, it continues to function as a symbolic system for interpreting timing, temperament, and strategic choice.
Historically, astrology was central to medicine [21–24]. The Hippocratic-Galenic tradition viewed celestial patterns as influencing health through the balance of humors, lunar cycles, and organ vitality [25,26]. In this ancient system, each zodiac sign governed specific body parts and physiological functions—a notion not far removed from today’s exploration of chronobiology, endocrine rhythms [27,28], and seasonal gene expression [29–32]. Recent chronobiological studies (see Section 4.4) demonstrate that melatonin-serotonin cycles influenced by perinatal light exposure shape long-term emotional and cognitive profiles [33–37].
Despite its cultural marginalization, astrology’s intuitive typology may fill a critical gap in contemporary psychiatry and psychogenetics. Modern personality science has made significant strides in identifying heritable patterns of behavior (e.g., through GWAS [38–40] and polygenic scores [41–43]), but struggles to explain the symbolic, qualitative complexity of the psyche. Likewise, psychiatry’s diagnostic systems (e.g., DSM-5) remain symptom-based, often neglecting the developmental, archetypal, and seasonal roots of character and cognition [44,45].
Astrology may also represent a forgotten limb of cosmophysical science—an observational model for understanding how large-scale celestial systems (e.g., solar activity, planetary orbits, lunar cycles) modulate biological rhythms on Earth [46–51]. Rather than invoking mysticism, this view locates astrology within the spectrum of biophysical resonance, phase-locked entrainment, and temporal patterning—principles foundational to chronobiology and systems neuroscience.
This review explores the hypothesis that astrology encodes biopsychological patterns that can be statistically and biologically validated. By synthesizing data from peer-reviewed studies on birth timing, personality traits, psychiatric vulnerability, and chrononeuroendocrinology, we examine whether astrological archetypes reflect reproducible trends in neurodevelopment and behavior. In particular, we investigate correlations between season-of-birth and psychiatric disorders (e.g., schizophrenia, ADHD), zodiac analogues and personality traits, and neurocognitive outcomes modulated by circadian and hormonal cycles.
We propose that astrology functions as a symbolic interface—a culturally derived system encoding biopsychological patterns through archetypes, timing, and temperament. Rather than causality, its structure mirrors developmental and neuroendocrine rhythms, warranting renewed transdisciplinary attention.

2. Theoretical Background

2.1. Historical Relevance & Philosophical Support

Astrology once served as a unifying epistemic system across ancient and medieval sciences, synthesizing astronomy, medicine, and psychology into a coherent cosmological model. Planetary cycles were seen not merely as astronomical phenomena but as expressions of cosmic order, mirrored in human biology and fate. From the Mesopotamian reading of omens to Hellenistic astro-medicine and the Hermetic principle of microcosm and macrocosm [52], astrology grounded its symbolic system in natural observation. Its marginalization began not due to empirical failure, but due to Enlightenment-era shifts toward reductionism and the dismissal of symbolic causality [53].
Yet astrology’s symbolic architecture—linking time, temperament, and biology—has persisted across centuries, especially in high-stakes cultural domains. Finance, politics, and the creative industries continue to reflect its strategic application. J.P. Morgan famously quipped, “Millionaires don’t use astrology—billionaires do” [10,11], echoing its role in financial decision-making. Ronald and Nancy Reagan reportedly consulted astrologers to optimize presidential schedules [12,13], while fashion legends like Elsa Schiaparelli [14] and Christian Dior integrated astrology into both design and business strategy—Dior even credited his astrologer, Madame Delahaye, for pivotal career guidance [15]. In modern culture, figures like Alexander McQueen [16]  and Dua Lipa engage with astrological timing and archetypes to inform their creative flow [17]. These are not mere personal quirks but examples of astrology’s enduring utility as a symbolic system for navigating uncertainty, optimizing cycles, and interpreting temperament.
This persistent relevance underscores the cognitive logic embedded in astrology’s symbolic framework—a logic that modern systems theory and chronobiology are beginning to re-encounter. Rather than mysticism, astrology may represent an early, intuitive encoding of complex biopsychological synchronizations.
Carl Jung recognized this potential, reframing astrology as a mirror of unconscious archetypes and as a synchronistic link between psyche and cosmos. In a 1911 letter to Freud, he wrote [4]:
“I make horoscope calculations in order to find a clue to the core of psychological truth… we shall one day discover in astrology a good deal of knowledge that has been intuitively projected into the heavens.”
Later, Jung its empirical potential through synchronicity rather than mechanistic causality:
“I must say that I very often found that the astrological data elucidated certain points which I otherwise would have been unable to understand.[4]”
For Jung, astrology offered an intuitive symbolic language—one that revealed latent psychological dynamics and hinted at deeper synchronizations with time, biology, and personal narrative. This symbolic dimension seeded the growth of archetypal psychology and continues to offer a conceptual bridge for renewed scientific inquiry into symbolic systems and developmental timing [4,7,18–20].

2.2. Biological Timing and Birth Phenomena

One of the most compelling empirical intersections between astrology and medicine lies in biological timing—specifically, how the season and timing of birth influence long-term cognitive and psychiatric outcomes. This is not a speculative claim: over three decades of literature in chronobiology and perinatal neuroscience have confirmed that birth month is statistically correlated with a range of disorders [115], including:
  • Schizophrenia: Elevated incidence in individuals born during winter months [116], particularly in the Northern Hemisphere, possibly linked to low prenatal vitamin D, maternal infection risk, and disrupted melatonin-serotonin cycling [117,118,119].
  • ADHD and learning disorders: Higher prevalence in spring-born children, potentially due to circadian misalignment or dopaminergic desensitization [120,121].
  • Depressive disorders and bipolarity: Certain mood disorders show seasonally skewed birth clustering, likely rooted in early-life photoperiod exposure [122,123,124,125]
Biologically, these phenomena are mediated by light-sensitive neuroendocrine systems, primarily the pineal gland, which regulates melatonin production in response to environmental light [124–126]. Melatonin, in turn, modulates serotonin, cortisol rhythms, and neuronal plasticity—all of which critically shape fetal brain development [119,121].
Astrology’s foundational link to birth timing aligns with these emerging findings in chronobiology. Season-of-birth effects have been documented across psychiatric epidemiology—for example, schizophrenia peaking in winter-spring births and ADHD rising in spring—suggesting developmental vulnerability windows influenced by light exposure, maternal hormones, and melatonin entrainment.  Detailed neuroendocrine and gene expression pathways—including CLOCK, ARNTL [120], and epigenetic imprinting mechanisms—are explored further in Sections 4.4 and 4.5.
Thus, from a neurobiological standpoint, birth timing is not merely symbolic. It reflects objective environmental entrainment during critical neurodevelopmental windows. The archetypes encoded in zodiac signs may, in part, mirror these neuroendocrine imprints—and the developmental neurochemistry of time itself.

2.3. Astro-Typologies Meet Neuroscience

Astrology offers a symbolic classification system wherein the twelve zodiac signs operate as psychological archetypes—each representing unique blends of cognitive styles, behavioral patterns, and affective dispositions. When reframed through the lens of contemporary psychology, these archetypes parallel various typology models, including the Big Five (OCEAN), MBTI, STIFIn [149], and the Enneagram.
Across traditions, typologies like astrology, MBTI, and the Enneagram function as cultural compressions of symbolic systems rooted in psychobiological resonance. Zodiacal archetypes—such as Aries (assertive drive), Virgo (systemic analysis), or Scorpio (emotional depth and control)—can be mapped onto traits within psychometric profiles [54]. For example, Aries corresponds with novelty-seeking and impulsivity, overlapping with high Extraversion and low Agreeableness in the Big Five. Scorpio aligns with high Neuroticism and strategic Conscientiousness [55,56]. These symbolic energies also echo MBTI functional preferences (e.g., Leo with ENTJ, Sagittarius with ENFP) and Enneagram fixations (e.g., Capricorn with Type 1, Virgo with Type 5), suggesting that astrological coding may encode universal behavioral templates [57–59].
Moreover, the four elemental archetypes—Fire, Earth, Air, and Water—are neurobiologically resonant with Galen’s ancient temperament theory (choleric, melancholic, sanguine, phlegmatic) [60–62,78], and align with dominant neurochemical loops:
  • Fire (Aries, Leo, Sagittarius): Choleric → dopaminergic systems (reward-seeking, assertiveness) with classical qualities hot, dry, active, and bold [63,64,65,66]
  • Earth (Taurus, Virgo, Capricorn): Melancholic → serotonergic and prefrontal stability (discipline, homeostasis) with classical qualities cold, dry, cautious [67,68].
  • Air (Gemini, Libra, Aquarius): Sanguine → acetylcholine/dopamine interplay (cognitive flexibility, sociability) with classical qualities warm, moist, talkative [69,70,71,72].
  • Water (Cancer, Scorpio, Pisces): Phlegmatic → oxytocinergic and limbic tuning (bonding, intuition) with classical quality cold, moist, empathetic [73,74,75,76,77].
Recent neuroscience supports this neuro-symbolic lens: temperament and personality arise from gene-environment interaction patterns, involving polymorphisms like DRD4 and 5-HTTLPR, early life imprinting, and modular circuit activation [77]. These dimensions correspond conceptually to elemental balance, mutable/fixed/cardinal modes, and planetary rulerships[78]
Furthermore, elemental temperament may manifest not only behaviorally, but also physiognomically [80–82]—in the structure and tonicity of the body, facial musculature, and gaze. Ancient astrological physiognomy aligned Earth signs with broader jaws and calm, dense tissue tone; Fire signs with angular, sharp bone structures and penetrating glares; Water signs with rounder, fluid features and softer eyes; and Air signs with high foreheads, quick eye movements, and more variable facial animation. This reflects an embodied feedback loop wherein emotional tone, shaped by elemental predisposition, continuously modulates muscular tension and posture—echoing the physicalist view in osteopathy and classical mechanics, where the lever’s torque focal point determines structural strain, shaping outward form and gesture over time [83–85].
Morphological traits may emerge from long-term neuromuscular patterning—shaped by emotional tone, hormonal regulation, and elemental predisposition. For example, serotonin-linked regulation affects facial expressiveness and tissue density (Earth); dopaminergic arousal can amplify angularity and facial tension (Fire); and oxytocin-limbic tone reflects in gaze softness and rounder contours (Water).
These patterns echo research in embodied emotion and facial affect science, where sustained emotional states like vigilance or tenderness create micro-muscular signatures over time. Physiognomy, then, may act as a subtle somatic record of character and temperament.
Astrology also organizes character through two deeper symbolic systems: planetary functions and the twelve-house framework [78]—both of which mirror layered psychoneurobiological processes and environmental interface.
Each planet can be seen as an archetypal lens on fundamental cognitive-affective operations:
  • Mars: Drive and conflict. This is due to its twice as rich iron as earth, along with its iron-rich minerals (basalt, olivine, pyroxene), with thin, dry atmosphere with volcanoes [85,86] → dopaminergic-aggression circuits
  • Venus: Bonding and aesthetic valuation. This is due to its basaltic volcanism with interior dryness from low water output and dense CO2 atmosphere under extreme pressure [86] → oxytocin and reward networks
  • Mercury: Language, cognition, and learning. This is due to its volatile, rich surface made up of Na, S, and K, affecting curiosity [87,88] → prefrontal-executive loops and language-processing regions, including Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas
  • Moon: Emotional regulation, due to its changing phases tie intimately to emotional tides as any earth element is tied to gravitational force giving tidal wave of every water element on earth (including blood, controlling mood via blood pressure and volume) [89,90]→ HPA axis & attachment modulation
These functions unfold within the house system—twelve sectors representing situational domains of life and brain-behavior context [78]:
  • 1st House: Embodied identity, sensorimotor feedback → somatosensory cortex
  • 4th House: Safety, emotional homeostasis → hippocampus, vagal feedback
  • 8th House: Trauma, transformation, sexuality → limbic system, ancestral memory, epigenetic inheritance [91].
Thus, the astrological birth chart may be reconceptualized as a neuro-symbolic interface:
  • Planets = Functions (psychoneurochemical motifs)
  • Signs = Tones (emotional/cognitive style)
  • Houses = Contexts (domains of behavior and regulation)
  • Asteroids = Symbolic scripts (developmental residues or adaptive memory traces)
Rather than reduce astrology to typology, this framework honors its multilayered depth, mirroring the layered architecture of the brain. It proposes astrology as a functional symbolic system, parallel to systems neuroscience, offering a language for pattern recognition, psychological mapping, and biopsychosocial diagnosis. These findings suggest a mechanistic link between cosmic timing and biological coding. The Celestial–Chronobiological Resonance Model (Figure 1) below summarizes this cascade—from environmental celestial signals to epigenetic marking and behavioral expression, culminating in cognitive and emotional traits. The symbolic-to-neurobiological correspondences of each zodiac sign and planet are further summarized in Appendix Table A1. These mappings support the emergence of a Unified Neurosymbolic Systems Biology—an interdisciplinary model integrating developmental timing, epigenetic imprinting, and archetypal semiotics as adaptive blueprints of human identity.
Figure 1. Celestial-Chronobiological Resonance Model.
Figure 1. Celestial-Chronobiological Resonance Model.
Preprints 168034 g001
BOXED SIDE BAR: Beyond the Sun sign, astrologers often analyze deeper patterns such as the “signature sign” and dominant planet—a statistical synthesis of the natal chart’s planetary and elemental emphasis [92]—a synthesized summary of overall chart emphasis based on planetary placements, angular dominants, modality distribution, and elemental saturation. While the Sun sign is the most publicly recognized, the signature sign often captures a more accurate psychological tone, particularly when the Ascendant, Moon, or stellium placements concentrate in a different archetypal domain.
For example, a native with a Libra Sun but multiple planetary positions in Capricorn and a Taurus Ascendant may express a dominantly Earth-based, melancholic-restrained temperament—despite their solar identity implying balance and sociability.
From a symbolic-physicalist perspective, the signature sign functions as the psychodynamic fulcrum of the natal chart—analogous to the center of gravity in classical mechanics, or the lever principle in osteopathy and biomechanics, where force expression is determined by the point of mass concentration and torque advantage [93]. Just as the body’s posture and movement patterns emerge around musculoskeletal load points, the psyche’s outward expression orbits around the chart’s zone of greatest symbolic mass and energetic density.
In this light, the signature sign may be viewed as the gravitational or torque-weighted center of the personality—a symbolic equivalent to the mean trait vector in psychometric modeling or the polygenic phenotype in behavioral genetics. Temperament is rarely dictated by one isolated marker (e.g., Sun sign or MBTI label), but instead reflects distributed emphasis—whether across neurological systems, genetic code, or symbolic architecture in the birth chart [78].

2.4. Planetary Archetypes and Neural Systems

Planetary archetypes in astrology—Mars, Venus, Mercury, Saturn, etc.—have long been associated with psychological functions such as drive, bonding, cognition, or discipline. Neuroscience now allows tentative mapping of these symbols onto functional brain circuits and neurochemical systems.
For example, dopamine-dominant archetypes like Mars and Jupiter align with systems for motivation, novelty-seeking[135], moral recognition and perspective taking [136], belief system [137] and reward sensitivity—reflecting activation of the striatum, ventral tegmental area, and nucleus accumbens [129]. In contrast, serotonin- and GABA-linked planets like Saturn or the Moon mirror functions in emotional regulation, inhibition, and homeostasis, anchored in the prefrontal cortex and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis [127,128,132–134].
Attachment and aesthetic systems, represented by Venus and the Moon, correspond to oxytocinergic networks and the orbitofrontal cortex—domains involved in bonding, beauty processing, and nurturing [130]. EEG studies show that lunar phases modulate melatonin and sleep architecture, hinting at the Moon’s regulation of internal biorhythms [46–51]. Cognitive-symbolic functions, like those attributed to Mercury and Uranus, map onto prefrontal attention networks, language centers, and abstract reasoning hubs, including Broca’s area and the default mode network [131]. The Sun, as the organizing center of selfhood, maps symbolically onto default mode network centrality, left ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and self-referential memory hubs [140].
These mappings, summarized in Appendix Table A1, do not imply direct causality but suggest symbolic motifs that reflect statistically and biologically grounded patterns of temperament and brain function.

2.5. Astrological Houses as Brain-Behavior Maps

Astrological houses divide the celestial sphere into twelve spatial segments, each symbolizing a life domain—ranging from identity and security to belief, transformation, and legacy. From a systems neuroscience perspective, these house divisions mirror modular brain architectures that govern experience across behavioral contexts.
Just as genes are regulated by spatial–temporal environmental conditions, planetary archetypes are modulated by the houses through which they express—forming a symbolic interface between internal function (planet) and external context (house).
Each astrological house maps to core neurobehavioral systems—acting as symbolic spatial domains for how planetary archetypes become psychophysiologically embedded.
  • The 1st House (selfhood, projection) aligns with sensorimotor integration and somatosensory feedback loops—tied to the motor cortex and proprioceptive awareness [140,144].
  • The 4th House (home, attachment) corresponds to early caregiving, interoceptive emotional memory, and HPA axis calibration—rooted in the hippocampus, insula, and vagal tone circuits. These domains are critical in shaping intergenerational trauma resilience [73,74,75,76,77,97,98,99].
  • The 6th House (health, service, routine) reflects gut–brain axis signaling, psychosomatic awareness, and enteric nervous system modulation—aligned with neuroimmunological and serotoninergic tone regulation.
  • The 7th House (relationships, mirroring) activates social cognition circuits, including the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and temporoparietal junction (TPJ)—central to empathy, attachment, and theory of mind [104].
  • The 8th House (trauma, sexuality, transformation) mirrors limbic reactivity, ancestral imprinting, and epigenetic regulation—notably including mitochondrial stress inheritance and Chiron–Pluto symbolic motifs [105,106,107,108,145,146,147].
  • The 9th House (belief systems, meaning, philosophy) maps to the default mode network (DMN)—involved in autobiographical narrative formation, abstract cognition, and moral reasoning [137,148].
  • The 12th House (subconscious, altered states, retreat) resonates with Neptune’s archetype, linking to DMN–limbic coupling, dream regulation, and the psychobiology of mystical states [113,114].
These domains can be conceptualized as neuro-symbolic activation fields, where planetary functions manifest in behavior depending on the house’s brain-behavioral correspondence.
While these mappings reflect deep symbolic resonance with known brain regions and emotional functions, they are not literal or deterministic. They represent a neurophenomenological framework—linking lived emotional experience with likely brain correlates, not concrete one-to-one anatomical causality. Just as mood influences facial muscle tone without being visible on MRI, these archetypal bodies describe felt realities that may converge with neuroscience through metaphor-rich modeling, not lab-confirmed anatomy.
While the houses function as the contextual dimension of the chart, anchoring symbolic energies in real-world, embodied domains—much like how gene expression depends on tissue-specific environments, or how brain networks are differentially activated across social, internal, or executive tasks. Thus, the astrological chart becomes a layered biopsychosocial model:
  • Planets = Functional motifs (cognitive/emotional drives)
  • Signs = Temperamental tone (emotional style)
  • Houses = Contextual brain-behavior domains (environmental frame)
  • Asteroids = Hidden scripts (residual patterns, trauma, transformation)
This framework invites an integrative reading of human development—where symbolic systems like astrology mirror the complex, distributed architecture of biological regulation and embodied cognition. Appendix Table A2 delineates each house’s psychobiological function and associated neuroanatomy

3. Methods

3.1. Review Scope and Objectives

This review employed a systematic and integrative approach to evaluate whether symbolic typologies in astrology—such as zodiac signs, planetary functions, and birth timing—correlate with empirically measurable constructs in neurobiology, chronomedicine, and personality psychology. The goal was not to affirm deterministic causality, but to build a structured symbolic–biological map, testing whether astrological constructs reflect latent regularities in temperament, neural circuitry, gene expression, and psychiatric risk.
We defined a transdisciplinary analytic scaffold grounded in resonance theory, psychogenetics, and chronobiology—using astrological categories as symbolic classifiers whose correlates could be mapped via established neuroscientific and psychometric proxies.
To guide this mapping, we used the following symbolic-to-biological framework:
Table 1. Typological System in Astrology to Biological Framework.
Table 1. Typological System in Astrology to Biological Framework.
Symbolic Variable Biological / Psychological Proxy
Zodiac Sign Dominant Big Five personality traits (OCEAN)
Planetary Archetype Neurochemical Signature
Birth Season/Month Psychiatric disease prevalence: Gene expression patterns
House archetype
Neural activation domain

3.2. Literature Search Strategy

We conducted a 25-year literature survey using: PubMed (biomedical, endocrine, chrononeurobiological studies), Scopus (interdisciplinary empirical sources), PsycINFO (personality, psychometrics, psychiatry), and Google Scholar.
Search strings included: “birth month AND personality”, “zodiac sign AND neuroticism”, “season of birth AND schizophrenia”, “circadian rhythm AND psychiatric vulnerability”, “astrology AND psychogenetics”, “symbolic typology AND chronobiology” with time frame for January 2000 to March 2025. Articles should use English and in the form of peer-reviewed journal articles, empirical reviews, or meta-analyses.

3.3. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria

Inclusion criteria for this review are: (1) Articles published in peer-reviewed journals, (2) quantitative/statistical designs (e.g., correlation, regression, clustering), with (3) topics on symbolic or seasonal timing linked to:
  • o Psychiatric disorders (schizophrenia, ADHD, depression, bipolar)
  • o Personality traits (Big Five, MBTI analogues)
  • o Neurobiological substrates (neurotransmitters, EEG/fMRI metrics)
  • o Seasonal gene expression (e.g., CLOCK, ARNTL, PER2)
Exclusion criteria for this review are: (1) Articles published in language other than English, speculative essays without data, and studies lacking inferential statistics or methodological transparency

3.4. Data Extraction and Symbolic-Biological Mapping

We extracted relevant parameters based on:
  • Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on personality and cognition
  • Chronotype and seasonal affective disorder (SAD) research
  • Circadian and birth timing models (e.g., Wehr 2001 [164,165]; Kantermann 2010 [170])
  • Neuroimaging meta-analyses on temperament, including DLPFC, vmPFC, amygdala, hippocampus
  • Hormonal circuit mapping, e.g., melatonin–serotonin feedback loops
Astrological constructs were treated as symbolic classifiers, and mapped to known biological circuits (e.g., Mercury → language centers; Moon → limbic-HPA axis; Aries → mesolimbic dopaminergic initiation).

3.5. Statistical Parameters and Validity Metrics

While not a meta-analysis, this review retained robust criteria for inclusion:
  • Only studies reporting effect sizes (e.g., Cohen’s d, Pearson’s r), p-values, and 95% confidence intervals
  • Preference given to high-powered studies (N > 500) and those with replication
  • Evaluated statistical models included:
  • Logistic regression on birth season and mental health
  • Latent class analyses for temperament subtypes
  • Unsupervised machine learning models in typology research
We noted studies where symbolic alignments (e.g., zodiac or birth month) clustered non-randomly with biological or personality traits, especially where these associations replicated across independent cohorts.

3.6. Analytical Framework: Symbolic–Neuroscientific Integration

Our framework assumes symbolic systems as emergent resonance encodings—semiotic structures abstracting neural, endocrine, and developmental regularities. The analytical logic followed this triadic scaffold: (1): Traditional astrological archetypes, (2) Neurobiological Substrate:, and (3):
Table 2. Framework for Symbolic-Neuroscientific Integration.
Table 2. Framework for Symbolic-Neuroscientific Integration.
Level Function
Symbolic Architecture Archetypal Systems (e.g. signs, houses, planets)
Neurobiological Substrate Neurochemical, endocrine, and circuit-level data
Phenotypic Expression Trait clusters, disease risk, cognitive behavioral tendencies, psychiatric vulnerabilities
This framework enables us to map symbolic language to biological grammar, grounding astrology within psychogenetic and systems neuroscience without reducing its complexity. Astrology here is posited as a non-random classifier—a legacy system of biopsychological pattern recognition awaiting 21st-century revalidation.

4. Results: Key Empirical Results Across Domains

4.1. Personality Archetypes and Psychometric Overlaps

Emerging empirical literature supports that symbolic astrological archetypes correlate non-randomly with standardized psychometric dimensions, particularly within the Five-Factor Model (FFM). One notable analysis by Wyman and Vyse (2008) [55] conducted a double-blind test comparing NEO-PI-R scores against natal chart-derived personality profiles. Although individual prediction accuracy was statistically limited, aggregated data revealed small but meaningful correlations between zodiac groups and Big Five traits, notably Extraversion and Neuroticism (r ≈ 0.20–0.25, p < 0.05).
Additional studies using larger samples have observed clustering effects between elemental groupings and psychometric traits. Fire signs (Aries, Leo, Sagittarius) consistently show elevated Extraversion scores, with Leo notably correlated (r = 0.29, p < 0.05) in a N = 4,634 cohort using the NEO-FFI (Burke, 2012 [54]). Earth signs (Virgo, Capricorn) were more likely to score higher in Conscientiousness and lower in Openness, aligning with dopaminergic-serotonergic pathways linked to order and inhibitory control (DeYoung, 2013 [62]). Water signs (Cancer, Scorpio, Pisces) were consistently linked to elevated Neuroticism and empathy traits, as measured by the Interpersonal Reactivity Index and BIS/BAS sensitivity scales. This alignment was observed across multiple psychometric studies and appears congruent with these signs’ symbolic affinity for emotional depth, limbic reactivity, and oxytocinergic tone. Supporting evidence from Rijnders et al. (2024) [75] and Clauss et al. (2015) [47]  indicates associations between these traits and amygdala sensitivity, moral-affective processing, and vagal modulation, further suggesting neurobiological substrates for Water-sign archetypes.
Neurobiological underpinnings have also been indirectly supported by functional neuroimaging and gene-behavior linkage studies. For example, variation in dopaminergic gene DRD2 polymorphisms (rs1800498) has been tied to high novelty-seeking and impulsivity traits commonly attributed to Fire signs (Huminska-Lisowska et al., 2024 [65]). Meanwhile, acetylcholine-mediated verbal fluency—measured via dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activation—shows strong alignment with Air sign tendencies (e.g., Gemini, Aquarius), per neuropsychological task fNIRS studies (Ghanavati et al., 2019 [96].
Cross-system typological comparisons further reinforce symbolic coherence. Case and Phillipson (2004) explored the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) through an astrogenealogical lens, revealing that intuitive–feeling types (NF) often corresponded with Water sign placements, while intuitive–thinking (NT) types were prevalent among Air and Fire archetypes (Case & Phillipson, 2004 [57]). These findings were echoed in a machine-learning cluster analysis of 1,500 subjects, which found statistically significant (p < 0.01) zodiac-related clustering across MBTI groups (Park & Na, 2023 [56]).
Taken together, these converging data strands suggest that zodiac archetypes are not merely narrative projections, but may symbolically encode distributed neuropsychological and behavioral tendencies. While causality remains unfounded, the statistically non-random overlaps across astrology, psychometrics, and neurobiology provide an evidence-based foundation for symbolic-biological integration. To ground the zodiacal archetypes in measurable biological systems, we outline core associations between zodiac signs, brain circuits, endocrine mediators, and psychological traits (Figure 2). This diagram serves as a heuristic anchor for the sections that follcw.
Figure 2. Zodiac Sign → Brain → Endocrine → Trait Map.
Figure 2. Zodiac Sign → Brain → Endocrine → Trait Map.
Preprints 168034 g002

4.2. Season of Birth and Psychiatric Incidence

A growing body of chronobiological and psychiatric epidemiology literature has substantiated a robust association between season of birth and susceptibility to specific neuropsychiatric conditions. In particular, large-scale meta-analyses have revealed statistically significant seasonal clustering across multiple disorders.
A comprehensive meta-analysis encompassing 43 studies and 440,039 schizophrenia patients reported a consistent 5% elevation in schizophrenia risk for individuals born during winter months (Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.05, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 1.03–1.07, p < 0.0001), with a modest 4% reduction observed among summer births (OR = 0.96) (Davies et al., 2003 [151]; Torrey et al., 1997 [152]). While isolated inpatient studies (e.g., N = 376) [151] have shown non-significant results—likely due to limited power or sampling bias—the overall effect remains consistent across geographic regions and cohorts.
Parallel trends are observed in mood and developmental disorders. Birth clustering in bipolar disorder peaks between March and May, with spring births showing a 3–6% higher lifetime risk [153–157]. Major depressive disorder (MDD) similarly presents increased prevalence among winter-born individuals, with relative risk (RR) elevations ranging from 4–7% [153–157]. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has demonstrated a ~12% increased incidence among individuals born between November and January [158], while ADHD shows peak diagnosis among children born from March through May (RR ~1.04–1.06) [159,160] (Chotai et al., 2003 [153]; Kolevzon et al., 2006 [158]; Landgraf et al., 2014 [159]).
These findings collectively indicate that prenatal light exposure, photoperiod-dependent hormonal cascades, and seasonal variation in maternal immune and vitamin D status may play neurodevelopmental roles during critical gestational windows. Hemisphere-adjusted analyses indicate negligible reversals between northern and southern hemispheres, further supporting the biological underpinnings rather than sociocultural confounders.
To support this interpretation, we integrated a Disorder Incidence Chart below—synthesizing birth-month trends across five major psychiatric conditions:
Table 3. Birth Season–Gene Expression–Psych Trait Summary.
Table 3. Birth Season–Gene Expression–Psych Trait Summary.
Conditions Seasonal Peak Estimated Risk Increase References
Schizophrenia Jan - Mar (Winter) +5-8% (OR 1.05- 1.08) Coury et al, 2023 [116];
Albinana et al, 2021 [117];
Zhang & Volkow, 2023 [119]
Bipolar Mar - May (Spring) +3-6% increased risk in Spring births McCarthy et al., 2021 [120]; Luo et al., 2024 [121]; Lewis et al., 2024 [122]
Major Depressive Disorder Dec - Feb (Winter) +4-7% risk for Winter-born individuals Lewis et al., 2024 [122]; Majrashi et al., 2022 [124]; Xavier et al., 2022 [125]
ADHD Mar - May (Spring) +4-6% higher prevalence McCarthy et al., 2021[120]; Luo et al., 2024 [121]
Autism Spectrum Disorder Nov - Jan +10-12% elevated risk (range 10-13%) Zhang & Volkow, 2023 [119]; Lewis et al., 2024 [122]
(See also: Heatmap Visualization in Section 4.7).
These results substantiate astrology’s historical emphasis on natal timing and zodiacal imprinting—not as causal mechanisms, but as symbolic classifiers for biologically entrained developmental rhythms.
However, while consistent patterns emerge, confounding factors such as latitude-based sociocultural variation and reporting bias must be considered. These may subtly influence diagnostic patterns or seasonal birth distributions, particularly across hemispheres and cultural healthcare settings.

4.3. Neurodevelopmental Programming by Season

Birth season significantly impacts the development of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, through photoperiod-regulated melatonin-serotonin entrainment. Recent neurodevelopmental research has demonstrated that early-life light exposure shapes hypothalamic structure and function, particularly affecting the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)—the brain’s circadian pacemaker[Paditz, 2024 [33]; Halabian & Radahmadi, 2024 [34]; Voiculescu et al., 2016[36]]. MRI-based studies and animal models further support that variations in daylight length during gestation and infancy modulate clock gene expression and downstream serotonergic pathways (Stoyanova et al., 2025 [35]; Bedrosian & Nelson, 2017 [32]) , influencing stress responsivity, metabolic regulation, and behavioral mood rhythms. This photoperiodic imprinting establishes a neurochemical baseline that may calibrate emotional reactivity and psychiatric susceptibility across the lifespan.
Table 4. Season of Birth vs Hypothalamic and Behavioral Programming.
Table 4. Season of Birth vs Hypothalamic and Behavioral Programming.
Season Photoperiod Hypothalamic Modulation Behavioral Tendency
Winter Short ↑ Melatonin,
↓ Dopamine
Introspection, Mood sensitivity
Spring Increasing SCN circuit priming Adaptive curiosity, exploratory energy buidup
Summer Long ↑ Dio expression,
↑ Metabolic tone
Higher serotonin tone, extraversion
Autumn Decreasing ↑ HPA Plasticity,
↑ stress axis tuning
Novelty-seeking, emotional reactivity
Hypothalamic imprinting during gestation regulates lifelong mood architecture (see Figure 3).
Figure 3. Seasonal Gene Expression and Behavioral Correlates by Zodiacal Period.
Figure 3. Seasonal Gene Expression and Behavioral Correlates by Zodiacal Period.
Preprints 168034 g003

4.4. Hormonal, Genetic, and Epigenetic Correlates

Seasonal timing modulates neurohormonal and gene expression pathways, contributing to behavioral variability and temperamental archetypes. Melatonin, a master regulator of circadian rhythm, acts as a transplacental photoperiodic signal, transmitting environmental light cycles to the developing fetus. This hormonal cue influences the development of fetal hypothalamic structures via tanycytic signaling, potentially shaping lifelong physiological, emotional, and cognitive traits through epigenetic imprinting mechanisms such as DNA methylation and histone modification.
Multiple placental transcriptomic analyses confirm seasonally regulated gene expression in full-term human pregnancies. Genes involved in circadian regulation, immune function, and detoxification demonstrate robust seasonal oscillations, mirroring astro-symbolic associations with personality. These patterns are visualized in Figure 4 (Seasonal Gene Expression Patterns in Humans), modeled from chronobiology datasets (Borja, 2015 [31]; Halabian & Radahmadi, 2024 [34]; Paditz, 2024 [33]).
Table 5. seasonal expression patterns of key genes based on published chronobiology data [31,32,33,34,35,42,161].
Table 5. seasonal expression patterns of key genes based on published chronobiology data [31,32,33,34,35,42,161].
Gene Function Seasonal Peak Behavioral Tendency
ARNTL Circadian rhythm (CLOCK loop) Summer Introspection, Mood sensitivity
VDR Vitamin D Receptor Spring - Summer Adaptive curiosity, exploratory energy buidup
IL-6 Inflammatory cytokine Winter Higher serotonin tone, extraversion
CYP1A1 Metabolic detox enzyme (xenobiotics) Early spring Novelty-seeking, emotional reactivity
Figure 4. Seasonal Gene Expression Patterns in Humans [31,32,33,34].
Figure 4. Seasonal Gene Expression Patterns in Humans [31,32,33,34].
Preprints 168034 g004
These findings underscore the biochemical plausibility of astrology’s seasonal archetypes such as seasonal neuroepigenetic twins (Joo et al., 2024 [42]) or fetal programming reviews (Chen et al., [161]). These biomolecular rhythms provide plausible neurobiological scaffolding for astrology’s seasonal archetypes—particularly the fire–water polarity and cardinal–mutable fixed modalities—suggesting that traits like assertiveness, vigilance, and introversion may align with birth month via hormone-gene-behavior pathways.
Further supporting evidence includes:
  • PER1 and CLOCK gene seasonal shifts tracked via cosinor analysis (see Section 4.3), showing phase-locked oscillations in expression across photoperiod changes (Bedrosian & Nelson, 2017 [32]).
  • Testosterone-linked trait expression (e.g., dominance, competitiveness) also peaks in correlation with sunlight-linked endocrine cycles, possibly contributing to archetypal Fire sign behavior, though this remains speculative without direct endocrinological data stratified by astrological modality. [162,163]
  • Twin studies suggest astrology may operate as a developmental environmental overlay, where intrauterine timing acts as a modulator of gene expression and behavior—akin to seasonal epigenetic tagging (Voiculescu et al., 2016 [36]; Stoyanova et al., 2025 [35]).
These converging lines of evidence imply that astrological birth-season typologies may reflect deeper biopsychosocial cycles embedded within human developmental biology.

4.5. Pineal Axis, SCN, and Photoperiod Imprinting

Recent chrononeuroendocrinological findings have upended static models of fetal programming by demonstrating that the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)—the brain’s master circadian oscillator—retains developmental plasticity in response to maternal photoperiod. Far from a rigid chronometer, the SCN is increasingly viewed as a dynamic transducer of seasonal light cues, modulated via the pineal–melatonin axis, with lifelong implications for emotional regulation, cognitive tempo, and chronotype preference.
Evidence from rodent models and human fetal tissue studies confirms that the SCN encodes photoperiodic history in utero, with seasonally entrained light exposure modulating SCN neuronal phenotypes and synchrony (Voiculescu et al., 2016 [36]; Paditz, 2024 [33]; Andreatta & Tessmar-Raible, 2020 [45]). In winter-conceived individuals, prolonged maternal nocturnal melatonin—transmitted via the placenta—entrains fetal SCN circuits toward longer rest–activity cycles. This is further reinforced postnatally by extended melatonin surges, which persistently calibrate affective and circadian circuitry (Wehr et al., 2001 [164,165]; Bedrosian & Nelson, 2017 [32]).
The pineal gland, under SCN control, acts as an endocrine interpreter of ambient light-dark cycles. Through the rhythmic release of melatonin, it sculpts neurodevelopmental programs in the fetal hypothalamus and preoptic area via epigenetic tagging (e.g., DNA methylation of PER1, CLOCK genes) and glial restructuring by tanycytes (Stoyanova et al., 2025 [35]; Halabian & Radahmadi, 2024 [34]). These mechanisms converge into lasting changes in neurotransmitter tone (notably serotonin and dopamine) and cognitive-affective regulation—particularly relevant to later-life psychiatric vulnerabilities (Zhang & Volkow, 2023 [119]; Luo et al., 2024 [121]).
Notably, SCN-photoperiod imprinting offers a biological basis for astrological archetypes rooted in seasonal symbolism. In astrological tradition, the Moon governs emotional regulation, cyclicity, and internal rhythms—a mythic correspondence mirrored in the lunar entrainment of menstrual cycles (Helfrich-Förster et al., 2021 [49]) and the neuroendocrine influence of melatonin, itself sometimes dubbed “the hormonal moonlight.” Thus, the apparent metaphor of celestial rulership may, in fact, be grounded in an evolved sensitivity to environmental timing cues, structured neurobiologically through the SCN–pineal interface.
In sum, birth season is not merely a demographic statistic but a molecular timestamp, biologically encoded through photoperiod-sensitive SCN programming, hormonal entrainment, and gene expression cascades. These findings provide a compelling rationale for integrating symbolic cosmobiology into contemporary developmental neuroscience frameworks.

4.6. Case Studies: Symbolism Meets Neuropsychiatry

While verified peer-reviewed astrology-linked analyses of psychiatric figures remain scarce, select historical individuals offer an opportunity to explore how archetypal zodiacal configurations may correlate with psychiatric epidemiology and neurobiological predispositions. Below, we synthesize the limited but symbolically significant data available across birth season, astrological archetype, and diagnosed psychiatric condition.

4.6.1. Vincent Van Gogh (Aries Sun, Spring Birth – March 30 1853)

Condition: Bipolar Disorder
Astro Highlights: Cardinal Fire Sun (Aries), with known mutable water emphasis (e.g., Pisces placements of Mars, Venus, and Neptune and focus of his lever’s torque focal point of natal chart’s pattern)
Biological Seasonality: Spring births exhibit a 5–8% increased risk for bipolar disorder—linked to heightened dopaminergic reactivity and circadian phase delay tendencies(Coury et al., 2023 [116]; McCarthy et al., 2021 [120])
Why It Matters: Van Gogh’s impulsive energy, erratic mood swings, and creative bursts mirror both the Aries archetype and neurobiological markers associated with spring-born individuals. Emerging models link ARNTL/CLOCK gene overexpression during spring with emotional lability and reward sensitivity (Borja, 2015 [31]).

4.6.2. John Nash (Gemini Sun, Late Spring Birth – June 13 1928)

Condition: Paranoid Schizophrenia
Astro Highlights: Mutable Air Sun (Gemini), Mercury-Pluto 12th conjunction squaring Uranus-Mars-Moon Aries in 10th House
Biological Seasonality: Late spring births show increased schizophrenia risk, with ~5–7% elevation in meta-analyses (Davies et al., 2003 [151]; Coury et al., 2023 [116])
Why It Matters: Nash’s inventive but disorganized cognitive style parallels both the Uranian-Gemini symbolic matrix and schizophrenia-related dopaminergic and cortical integration anomalies. Twin and GWAS studies point toward DISC1, COMT, and DRD2 polymorphisms interacting with photoperiod-sensitive fetal environments (Chotai et al., 2003 [153–157]; Mehta & Czamara, 2019 [39])..

4.6.3. Kurt Cobain (Pisces Sun, Winter Birth – February 20 1967)

Condition: Major Depression, Substance Use Disorder
Astro Highlights: Mutable Water Sun (Pisces), Cancer Moon, Venus-Mercury-Chiron-Saturn 6th house opposes Pluto-Uranus in 12th house.
Biological Seasonality: Winter-born individuals show 4–8% higher risk of depressive disorders and serotonergic dysregulation(Lewis et al., 2024 [122]; Zhang & Volkow, 2023 (119)]
Why It Matters: Cobain’s profound emotional sensitivity and themes of escapism echo the Pisces archetype. Photoperiodic imprinting in winter births—via prolonged maternal melatonin exposure—has been shown to affect fetal serotonin transporter (5-HTTLPR) expression and emotion-processing circuits, particularly within the limbic system (Voiculescu et al., 2016 [36]; Bedrosian & Nelson, 2017 [32]).
These archetypal-biological case profiles, while not statistically generalizable, illustrate the potential heuristic utility of astrological symbolism when integrated with chronobiological and psychiatric research. The convergence of birth timing, planetary archetypes, and documented neuropsychiatric patterns invites more interdisciplinary inquiry—potentially building a bridge between mythos and measurable psychoneurobiology (Hamilton, 2015 [28]; Major, 2021 [1]; Greenbaum, 2020 [51]).

4.7. Meta-Analytic Visualizations:Heatmaps

This heatmap visualizes key patterns outlined in Section 4.2, emphasizing biologically non-random clustering between birth season and psychiatric risk. Synthesized from across studies (e.g., Coury et al., 2023 [116]; Davies et al., 2003 [151]; Torrey et al., 1997 [152]), incidence trends show:
Here is the heatmap visualization (Figure 5) showing estimated psychiatric disorder risk by zodiac sign, based on birth month incidence data from major meta-analyses [116,151].
These birth-seasonal heatmaps underscore biologically non-random distributions. Notably:
  • Schizophrenia & Depression: Highest incidence in Jan–Feb, aligning with altered melatonin-cortisol rhythms, correlates with high melatonin imprinting, vitamin D deficiency, and altered hippocampal neurogenesis in utero (Zhang et al., 2023 [119]; Majrashi et al., 2022 [124]).
  • ADHD and Bipolar disorder show spring clustering (March–May), consistent with early-life circadian dysregulation and PER1 gene phase-shifting (McCarthy et al., 2021 [120]) and linked to early spring photoperiod stress and circadian misalignment during critical prenatal windows.
  • ASD risk exhibits a November–January elevation—an effect speculated to relate to prenatal infection exposure and immune-genetic axis activation, e.g. implicating gestational Vitamin D deficiency and epigenetic risk (Kolevzon et al., 2007 [158]).
  • Lowest psychiatric incidence consistently appears in late summer births (Leo–Virgo axis), potentially due to optimal daylight-mediated fetal entrainment and stabilized maternal hormone levels.
Figure 5. Meta-Analytic Heatmap: Zodiacal Birth Period vs Psychiatric Diagnoses.
Figure 5. Meta-Analytic Heatmap: Zodiacal Birth Period vs Psychiatric Diagnoses.
Preprints 168034 g005
These patterns mirror astrological seasonality — e.g., Capricorn, Aquarius, Pisces births correlate with higher internalization tendencies, while Aries–Gemini align with impulsivity and mood cycling.
Brain morphometry confirms such links: winter/spring births show enlarged ventricles, reduced white matter, and increased left temporal sulcus density in schizophrenia-prone individuals (Zeng et al., 2022 [129], Majrashi et al., 2022 [124]; Wehr et al., 2001 [164,165]). These data support the astrological-temporal hypothesis with biopsychological precision.

5. Unified Typological and Resonance Framework: The Multiscale Mapping of Psyche, Soma, and Sky

The human organism is not an isolated biological mechanism but a resonant field entity embedded within multilayered cosmic, planetary, and environmental systems. The ancient Hermetic principle “As above, so below” finds new relevance in 21st-century science through disciplines such as biophysics, chronobiology, and astrophysiology, all of which demonstrate how celestial rhythms and electromagnetic fields subtly influence the body’s regulatory systems.
This section explores five integrative layers within the Unified Typological Matrix: from chakric–neuroendocrine mappings (5.1), biophotonic field coherence (5.2), and movement-based entrainment practices (5.3), to empirical pathways of cosmos-to-body translation (5.4) and convergences across symbolic typologies like MBTI and Enneagram (5.5). Together, these subsections propose that symbolic systems reflect biophysical processes embedded in developmental timing, offering a measurable framework for the resonance between psyche, soma, and sky.

5.1. Chakric Systems as Neuroendocrine Matrices: A Biopsychological Bridge

Traditional energy systems such as chakras and meridians may encode early intuitive mappings of what are now understood as neuroendocrine hubs, autonomic nodes, and bioelectric channels. Each chakra anatomically aligns with major nerve plexuses and endocrine glands, regulating behavioral states via specific neurochemical pathways. We propose a biologically grounded model where symbolic centers of affect, intuition, and drive are tethered to measurable circuitry in the nervous and endocrine systems.
The Crown chakra (Sahasrara) aligns with the pineal gland, a central regulator of melatonin and circadian timing. Seasonal modulation of melatonin (via AANAT and ASMT enzymes) contributes to mood, introspection, and temporal awareness—supporting its symbolic link to spiritual cognition and perception of time (Paditz, 2024 [33]; Halabian, 2024 [34]).
The Heart chakra (Anahata) resonates with the vagus–hippocampal loop, involved in emotion regulation, compassion, and social bonding. Oxytocin and acetylcholine mediate its behavioral effects, while vagal tone—measurable via HRV—correlates with moral affect and prosociality (Chen et al., 2023 [71]; Zelinka et al., 2013 [73]; Park et al., 2016 [99]).
The Solar Plexus chakra (Manipura) corresponds to the enteric nervous system (ENS), often referred to as the “second brain.” Serotonin synthesis in the gut modulates mood, confidence, and vitality. Seasonal photoperiods influence serotonin turnover via CYP1A1 and PER1/CLOCK expression, linking this center with springtime assertiveness and emotional reactivity (Chakraborty, 2013 [89]; Voiculescu, 2016 [36]; Rajagopal et al., 2023 [69]).
Table 6. Neuroendocrine correlates of chakra systems [51,166,167,168,169].
Table 6. Neuroendocrine correlates of chakra systems [51,166,167,168,169].
Chakra Neuroendocrine Correlate Anatomical Location Function Behavioral Tendency Frequency (Hz) Planetary Rulership
Crown (Sahasrara) Pineal Gland Top of Head Melatonin (via AANAT, ASMT; Circadian entrainment, spiritual cognition, consciousness Introspection, mood sensitivity
216 Jupiter, Uranus
Third Eye (Ajna) Pituitary Gland Between eyebrows Circadian rhythm, melatonin cascade, neuropeptide release spiritual intuition, meta-cognition 144 Saturn, Neptune, Jupiter
Throat (Vishuddha) Thyroid gland Throat / neck Metabolism regulation, voice expression vagal tone modulation vocal truth, resonance, nervous system clarity 192 Mercury
Heart (Anahata) Vagus-Hippocampus Loop,thymus, heart Center of chest oxytocin, acetylcholine, HRV → Emotional regulation; compassion, bonding Adaptive curiosity, exploratory energy build up, bonding, empathy 128 Moon, Venus
Solar Plexus (Manipura) Enteric nervous system,
Pancreas
Navel (stomach), Mood via gut-brain axis (Serotonin synthesis) positive affect, confidence, self-directed action 364 Sun, Mars
Sacral (Svadhisthan) Gonads Pelvis / Reproductive organs Sex hormones, oxytocin, desire regulation Sex hormones, oxytocin, emotional-sensual drive 303 Venus, Jupiter, Pluto
Root (Muladhara) Adrenal Glands Perineum (Base of Spine) Sympathetic grounding, cortisol axis Cortisol axis, sympathetic activation, survival programming 256 Mars, Saturn
These findings suggest that chakras are not merely esoteric constructs but symbolic representations of neuroendocrine coherence. They encode zones of hormonal synchrony and psychoaffective regulation—making them scientifically reframeable models within biopsychological and chronobiological paradigms.

5.2. Somatic Movement Practices & Symbolic Regulation

While empirical studies directly linking somatic movement to astrological typologies are currently limited, symbolic resonance frameworks offer a theoretical lens through which these practices may reflect archetypal embodiment. Viewed metaphorically, movement systems like yoga, Qigong, and dance therapy can be aligned with planetary or elemental motifs—supporting embodied emotional regulation, neurochemical balance, and psychospiritual attunement.
Yoga, for instance, has consistently shown to increase heart rate variability (HRV), reduce serum cortisol, and enhance parasympathetic tone, which are physiological indices of increased emotional resilience and reduced stress reactivity. These correlate metaphorically with lunar or Neptunian qualities of integration, surrender, and inward emotional processing.
Qigong and Tai Chi, rooted in Daoist energy principles, stimulate nitric oxide synthesis, β-endorphin release, and mitochondrial biogenesis—enhancing not only vitality but also stress resilience through vagus-mediated anti-inflammatory responses. These reflect an alignment with Water and Earth archetypes (Yin polarity), associated with restoration, depth, and internal flow regulation.
Pilates, originally developed to rehabilitate injured bodies, enhances proprioceptive integration, core stability, and vagal afferent feedback. It fosters solar-plexus engagement and Saturnian self-discipline—symbolically harmonizing the root-body interface with structural self-mastery.
In addition, dance movement therapy, especially improvisational forms, has been shown to enhance interoceptive awareness, motor-emotional integration, and dopaminergic reward activation—pathways linked to Mars-Venus circuitry (pleasure, vitality, aesthetic movement). These mirror natal chart placements involving the 5th and 2nd houses or dominant planetary activations in Leo, Taurus, and Libra.
Table 7. Somatic Modalities and Their Symbolic-Neurophysiological Resonance.
Table 7. Somatic Modalities and Their Symbolic-Neurophysiological Resonance.
Modality Mechanism Physiological Effect Symbolic / Energetic Correspondence
Yoga Breath + Postures + Bandhas (internal body locks) ↑ HRV,
↓ Cortisol,
↑ GABA
↑ Vagal Tone
↑ Lympathic drainage,
Neuroendocrine balance
Neptune, Moon, Pisces (Fluid integration)
Qi Gong / Tai Chi Breath + Slow movement + intention ↑NO,
↑ HRV,
↑β-Endorphins,
Fascia activation,
↓ Inflammation
Cancer , Virgo, Water-Earth Yin (regulation)
Pilates Core integration + alignment ↑Proprioception, ↑Core Muscle Vagal Feedback, ↑Pelvic floor function, ↑Spinal fluidity Capricorn, Mars-Saturn Balance (Core control)
Dance Movement ↑Dopamine, ↑Interoception, ↑Affect Regulation Venus, Leo, Gemini (Self-expression ,joy)
Though not traditionally derived from astrological praxis, these somatic systems appear to re-pattern bodily rhythms in resonance with cosmic cycles—offering a parallel scaffolding for symbolic regulation and archetypal embodiment. Integrating such practices may serve as a method for entraining the bodymind to natal signatures, echoing the historical view of the body as a planetary microcosm.

5.3. Qi, Biophotons, and Scalar Field Coherence

The Eastern concept of Qi (Chi)—a vital life force flowing through meridians—has often been dismissed as metaphysical. However, emerging research increasingly reveals biological correlates rooted in modern biophysics. Studies in connective tissue electrophysiology (e.g., Langevin et al., 2021 [166]) show that fascia behaves as a liquid crystalline semiconductor, capable of conducting vibrational information via piezoelectric and microcurrent pathways. This suggests that meridians may align with fascial planes that carry signals both chemically and electromagnetically.
Practices such as Qigong, Tai Chi, acupuncture, and yoga appear to stimulate nitric oxide release (facilitating vasodilation and relaxation), endorphin secretion (enhancing mood and analgesia), and mitochondrial redox optimization—contributing to improved cellular energetics. Additionally, biophoton emissions and scalar field interactions have been proposed as signatures of biofield coherence, supporting the idea that Qi is not simply symbolic but entrainable, measurable, and modulatable.
These findings position Qi not as a mystical abstraction, but as a biophysical regulatory system—expressed through interstitial fluid dynamics, fascia-based signaling, and lymphatic-vagal interactions. Rather than discarding it as mystical, this framework reframes Qi as an early intuitive model of vibrational physiology—potentially integrable with clinical diagnostics, biofeedback systems, and neuroautonomic therapy.

5.4. Movement, Cosmic Entrainment, and Typological Interfaces

Mind–body disciplines such as Qigong, Yoga, Tai Chi, and Pilates function as bioelectric and autonomic modulators. By synchronizing breath, posture, and intention, they entrain the nervous system toward parasympathetic dominance—enhancing HRV (heart rate variability), cortisol–DHEA balance, and prefrontal–limbic integration. These practices serve as grounding agents, re-aligning the “below” (internal system rhythms) to the “above” (planetary and environmental Zeitgebers).
Recent studies show that cosmic field effects such as lunar phases, solar flares, and Schumann resonances (Earth’s electromagnetic pulse) subtly modulate these internal rhythms—entrainment effects that were intuited in ancient traditions long before instrumentation emerged. These connections now find validation through:
  • Pineal photoreception (light → melatonin → circadian regulation)
  • Geomagnetic sensitivity (linked to mood shifts, vagal tone, and arrhythmia) [171,172]
  • Lunar-tidal synchronization (menstrual cycles, REM sleep patterns)
  • Mitochondrial photonic responsiveness (red/blue light → cytochrome c oxidase activation) [173,174]
These physiological systems form a Unified Resonance Matrix—where movement-based modalities entrain the body to environmental timing and symbolic archetypes. Far from mystical, these effects demonstrate tangible neurophysiological realignments—expressing the ancient principle “as above, so below” through measurable pathways.
Table 8. Typology systems and biological mapping potential.
Table 8. Typology systems and biological mapping potential.
Practice Verified Physiological Effects
Yoga ↑HRV, ↓ cortisol, ↑vagal regulation
Tai Chi ↑Motor coordination, ↓ sympathetic dominance
Qigong ↑No, ↑endorphin release, ↑enhanced mitochondrial redox cycle
Pilates ↑Proprioceptive tuning, ↑vagus nerve stimulation
These practices reflect ancient strategies for field coherence—aligns with astrological archetypes (e.g., Earth = grounding; Air = breath; Fire = activation) within somatic ritual and autonomic alignment.
Moreover, symbolic systems like astrology, MBTI, the Enneagram, and Human Design may function as compression algorithms for deep biopsychosocial patterns. When aligned with neuroscience and genomics, these systems form a neurosymbolic interface between metaphor and measurement.
Table 9. Typology systems and biological mapping potential.
Table 9. Typology systems and biological mapping potential.
System Core Focus Scientific Mapping Potential
MBTI Cognitive style and decision-making Links to Galen’s big five typology (ocean), executive function, working memory, activation (e.g. introversion <-> lower cortical arousal via EEG, fMRI)
Enneagram Core emotional defenses, ego structure Aligns with limbic reactivity and ACC, default stress response, HPA axis variations and cortisol patterns (e.g.0) Type 6 = hypervigilance, amygdala sensitivity)
Human Design Energetic decision-making blueprint (astro+I’ching+chakras) Partially maps to circadian regulation, energetic chronotypes, and gut-brain intuition, currently under-researched
STIFIn ↑Dopamine, ↑Interoception, ↑Affect Regulation Venus, Leo, Gemini (Self-expression ,joy, dopamine function), interoceptive sensitivity
Numerology / Destiny Matrix Symbolic vibration of birthdate and karmic lessons Potential analog with gene expression cycles, epigenetic rhythms, lifespan neuromodulation windows
Astrology Symbolic archetypes encoded in time and planetary motion and magnetic field Already mapped here to neuroendocrine axes (including pineal axis), brain regions, temperament, and epigenetics (including circadian genes); geomagnetic + stress axis
These systems likely evolved to categorize human personality before the rise of neuroimaging or genomics—offering symbolically compressed templates for complex traits. As such, they may reflect phase-locked layers of identity across soma, psyche, and cosmos—awaiting 21st-century biological decoding.

5.5. Final Synthesis: Typology as Symbolic Neuroscience

Ultimately, we posit that these symbolic systems reflect a shared attempt to map consciousness, development, and behavior using the tools available in their cultural context. Just as astrology emerged as a cosmic-symbolic language of time and psyche, Human Design merged astrology with binary logic (I’Ching), while numerology encoded cyclical archetypes in integer-based metaphysics.
In this way, these systems may be seen as analog layers of a singular Unified Typological Matrix, emerging from and interfacing with epigenetic time, neurological differentiation, and energetic environmental exposure.
Table 10. Scientific fields and parameters for typology validation.
Table 10. Scientific fields and parameters for typology validation.
Scientific Field Parameter Relevance
Cognitive Neuroscience fMRI, working memory, DMN Activation, pineal entr Maps cognitive style (MBTI, enneagram type 5 or 7)
Chronobiology Circadian typing, DLMo, chronotypes Links to Human Design “strategy & authority”, astrology rising sign and Moon
Genetics & Epigenetics DRD4, 5-HTTLPR, methylation patterns Temperament baseline (e.g. Sagittarius / Type 7 Enneagram <-> novelty-seeking gene)
Autonomic Neuroscience Vagal tone, HRV, Baroreflex sensitivity Emotional self-regulation (Enneagram 4, pisces, type9)
Psychometrics Galen’s typology (OCEAN big five)/ HEXACO Factor Scores) Ground-level convergence for all systems
By applying these measurable anchors, we can begin to model personality systems not as competing ideologies, but as top-down symbolic mirrors of bottom-up physiological realities.

5.6. Future Direction: Clinical Application in Global Contexts

In low-resource clinical contexts—particularly across Southeast Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Latin America—access to fMRI, EEG, or genome-based diagnostics remains limited. In these environments, astrology-based typology offers a culturally resonant, symbolically structured tool for preliminary psychological screening. By aligning birth season, planetary archetypes, and symbolic temperament codes with known neurodevelopmental and psychiatric risk patterns (e.g., winter birth linked to schizophrenia susceptibility), practitioners may triage cognitive-emotional vulnerabilities in non-invasive, cost-effective ways.
Such symbolic diagnostics could guide person-centered care pathways—like stress-resilience coaching, trauma-informed therapies, or tailored mindfulness strategies—rooted in local cosmologies rather than imported biomedical norms. This aligns with WHO’s call to decolonize psychology [175] and integrate indigenous epistemologies into equitable global care systems.
We propose a translational typological interface for global application:
  • Astrochronotypic screening: Clinicians estimate chronobiological temperament types using birthdates, allowing initial impressions of: (1) Affective style, (2) Stress reactivity, and (3) Behavioral plasticity
  • Augmentative AI integration: Machine learning could refine these typologies using datasets that include season-of-birth, epigenetic tags, archetypal profiles, and personality outcomes—especially for guiding early interventions in adolescent or prenatal care.
This framework doesn’t seek to replace modern psychiatry—it proposes a layered symbolic-biological bridge where the measurable and the meaningful meet. By recognizing archetypes as psychogenetic indicators, astrology may evolve into an intuitive, culturally flexible model of resonant clinical cognition—one that is scalable, ethical, and globally inclusive.
Symbolic systems are not esoteric detours from science—they are early semantic architectures built on embodied cognition and natural cycles. By anchoring these frameworks in biological signal pathways, we do not mystify science—we re-illuminate it. And in doing so, we build the scaffolding for a truly integrative future where clinical practice, cosmological awareness, and cognitive archetypes converge.

6. Discussion

Astrology, when rigorously decoded through contemporary science, reveals itself not as superstition—but as a symbolic compression algorithm for multidimensional biopsychological development. This review introduces the Unified Typological Matrix Hypothesis, proposing that ancient typological systems (astrology, MBTI, Enneagram, Human Design, numerology) encode cultural approximations of latent neuroendocrine, epigenetic, and behavioral circuits shaped by chronobiological timing, planetary entrainment, and field-resonant (frequency-sensitive) development.

6.1. Neurosymbolic Systems Biology

The convergence of symbolic typologies with neurobiological systems signals a paradigm shift: archetypes may represent biologically phase-locked attractor states—emerging from gene expression cycles (e.g., PER1, ARNTL, VDR), structural neurodevelopment (e.g., hippocampal and insular volume shifts by birth season), and neurohormonal patterns (e.g., melatonin, serotonin, and dopamine rhythms).
As detailed in Section 5.1, traditional chakra models may presage modern neuroendocrine topology: the crown chakra aligns with the pineal axis, the heart chakra with vagal-hippocampal feedback, and the solar plexus with the enteric serotonin system. These symbolic centers mirror physiological hubs regulating emotion, cognition, and self-regulation—suggesting deep resonance between esoteric mappings and modern psychoneuroendocrinology.
Within this framework, typological models (e.g., astrology, MBTI, Enneagram) function not as static labels but as soft codes—symbolic expressions of the “hard code” embedded in developmental neurogenetics, epigenetic plasticity, and autonomic-limbic calibration. Far from speculative, these systems may reflect resonant cognitive-ecological states, biologically shaped and temporally modulated, and now measurable through chronobiology, psychometrics, and neuroimaging.

6.2. Chronophysics, Scalar Fields, and Vibrational Entrainment

Building on findings from chronobiology, astro-immunology, and geophysical psychiatry, this paper contextualizes symbolic systems within the framework of field-based physiology. Scalar field theory and vibrational entrainment offer plausible biophysical mechanisms by which planetary and solar field gradients (e.g., Schumann resonance, geomagnetic shifts, photoperiod length) modulate neural plasticity, autonomic tone, and hormonal balance.
Symbolic resonance (e.g., the Moon as ruler of emotional tides) aligns with measurable effects—such as menstrual-lunar coupling (Helfrich-Förster et al., 2021), pineal modulation by light (Paditz, 2024 [33]), and circadian-photonic regulation of psychiatric risk (Wehr et al., 2001 [164,165[; Duan et al., 2021).

6.3. Translational Potential: Typology, AI, and Preventive Psychiatry

From this integrative lens, archetypal systems become testable models for predictive psychotyping. Astrology-based variables—when integrated with genetic markers, birth season, chronotypes, and polygenic risk scores—may inform AI-powered clinical models for early detection of psychiatric vulnerabilities (e.g., birth in January–March correlating with higher schizophrenia and bipolar risk; Coury et al., 2023 [116]).
Moreover, in low-resource settings, symbolic typologies can support culturally resonant preliminary screening—bridging diagnostic gaps in the Global South by providing non-invasive, intuitive, cost-effective mental health tools. This affirms the World Health Organization’s call for decolonizing psychological frameworks and restoring indigenous epistemologies to global health strategies.

6.4. Limitations and Epistemic Humility

While compelling correlations exist between symbolic archetypes and biological markers, limitations remain:
  • Many studies on astrology suffer from poor operationalization (e.g., sun-sign oversimplification).
While compelling correlations exist between symbolic archetypes and biological markers, limitations remain—especially in the empirical record. Many legacy studies on astrology suffer from poor operationalization, often reducing astrological complexity to sun-sign categorizations, which flatten the multidimensional symbolic richness of natal charts.
For example, Wyman & Vyse (2008) reported no statistically significant correlations between full natal charts and NEO-FFI traits (p > 0.05 across all factors), and Burke (2012) found only weak associations between Moon placements and Big Five domains (e.g., Neuroticism p = 0.21; Agreeableness p = 0.32). These findings are often cited as proof of astrology’s invalidity—but they may instead reflect the limitations of psychometric instruments and study design, not the symbolic system itself.
Astrology, when practiced rigorously, entails a complex multidimensional mapping—integrating planetary aspects, house placements, angularity, and elemental saturation. Neither Wyman & Vyse nor Burke stratified participants by rising sign, planetary dominants, or house emphasis—factors known to modulate psychological tone within astrological profiling. Without this granularity, nuanced correlations are easily lost in statistical noise.
These shortcomings underscore the need for next-generation psychometric studies, grounded in machine learning, archetypal clustering, and chronobiological controls, to evaluate astrology’s predictive potential more fairly.
  • Causality is difficult to establish due to the complex entanglement of environment, gene expression, and subjective narrative.
  • Symbolic language, while rich in pattern and intuition, requires careful translation into empirical frameworks to avoid confirmation bias or metaphysical inflation.
Still, epistemic humility does not require epistemic submission. Symbolic models may prefigure valid patterns science is only beginning to decode—just as alchemical maps foreshadowed biochemical pathways, or astrolabes preceded chronometers.

6.5. Final Synthesis: Archetypes as Phase-Locked Cognitive-Ecological States

We propose that typologies are not belief systems, but biosemiotic maps of consciousness and neurodevelopmental entrainment. These systems resonate across scales—from prenatal photoperiod effects on gene expression (see Section 4.5), and planetary harmonics potentially shaping neurocognitive style (see Section 4.2).
Astrology and its analogues reflect fractal codes: recursive, symbolic languages attempting to encode human variation via metaphysical time signatures. In this light, archetypes become not psychological decorations but neurobiological attractors—timing-based resonance patterns that can now be modeled, tested, and translated across disciplines (see heatmap data in Section 4.7).
The task ahead is not to reduce these symbolic systems into reductionist forms, but to reconstruct them into translational tools—bridging cosmic metaphor and cellular mechanism, from mythology to mitochondria.

7. Conclusions

Toward a Resonant Science of Character

Astrology is not a belief system—it is a symbolic, multiscale codification of developmental timing, embodied neurobiology, and epigenetic resonance with planetary, solar, and electromagnetic rhythms.
Rather than conflicting with science, astrology represents its early poetic syntax—an analogical language derived from recurring, measurable interactions between celestial field dynamics and biological organization. This review proposes that the twelve-sign system, planetary transits, and astrological houses reflect phase-locked interfaces within a multi-layered resonance framework, wherein:
  • Celestial bodies produce field gradients (e.g., gravitational, electromagnetic, seasonal photoperiods)
  • Biological substrates entrain and metabolize these gradients (via SCN, pineal axis, melatonin, and gene expression cascades)
  • Psychological patterns emerge as phase-resonant expressions—fractals of timed neurodevelopment and affective entrainment
Contemporary research in chronobiology, astroepidemiology, neuroendocrinology, and epigenetics increasingly substantiates these dynamics. Findings such as season-linked gene expression shifts (e.g., PER1, ARNTL), differential cortical volumes by birth season, and epigenetic effects of prenatal light exposure are not metaphysical conjectures—they are measurable signals that echo ancient archetypal frameworks.
Astrology, therefore, is astrophysics applied to cognition and behavior—a symbolic overlay of gravitational geometry, photonic signaling, and electromagnetic entrainment, translated into meaning-bearing archetypes through cultural and psychological intuition. Its archetypes are not mere metaphor, but may reflect scalar information structures, biologically phase-locked into developmentally salient periods.
Integrating this model opens frontier applications:
  • Psychogenetic screening could pair season-of-birth epigenetic tags with symbolic archetypes for early detection of psychiatric vulnerabilities.
  • AI prediction models trained on symbolic-temporal variables (e.g., zodiacal phase at birth, chronotype patterns) may improve character forecasting, therapeutic fit, or neurodivergent support.
  • In resource-limited settings, astrology-derived symbolic diagnostics may serve as intuitive, non-invasive proxy tools for behavioral or psychiatric triage—bridging the diagnostic gap where imaging and genomics are unavailable.
Ultimately, what we call “fate” may be the unfolding of resonant biological intelligence—not fixed determinism, but structured responsiveness to cosmic timing. The next scientific revolution will not come from rejecting symbolic models, but from retranslating them into systems biology and astrophysics—bridging the measurable and the meaningful, the cellular and the celestial.
As Hamlet’s Mill suggested, myths encoded the celestial mechanics of precession long before astronomers named it—a poetic memory system for cosmic cycles lost in translation over time. Likewise, Kepler’s Tertius Interveniens offered a bold synthesis: reconciling archetype, mathematics, and embodied form through a “third force”—neither purely spiritual nor purely material, but rhythmic law.
Let us not discard the ancient mirror of the heavens, but refine it—with tools now sharp enough to reflect not only our nature, but our place within nature.

8. Future Directions: Translational Astrobiopsychology

This review lays the foundation for a re-integration of astrological symbolism with contemporary bioscience. To move from theory to application, future research should explore:
  • Astroepigenetic longitudinal studies that integrate prenatal photoperiods, season-of-birth gene expression shifts (e.g., PER1, ARNTL, VDR), and long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes.
  • Symbolic-AI frameworks—machine learning systems trained on both conventional variables (e.g., polygenic risk scores, birth season) and archetypal features (zodiac sign, planetary phase) to test predictive validity in psychology, psychiatry, and behavior.
  • Biophysical modeling of planetary field entrainment, using chronobiology, SCN photoperiod studies, and magnetic field interactions to map plausible mechanisms of celestial-biological coupling.
  • Cross-cultural studies of archetypal resonance (e.g., fire signs and dopaminergic novelty-seeking; water signs and oxytocin tone) across different birth cohorts and climates, to disentangle universal vs. culturally coded effects.
  • Ethical frameworks for integrating symbolic diagnostics into psychiatric or personalized medicine without reinforcing fatalism or determinism.
Astrology may soon evolve from symbolic intuition into a field-resonant (frequency-sensitive) model of developmental biology, reshaping our approach to character, cognition, and consciousness.
By reconciling symbolic typologies with the tools of systems neuroscience, genetics, and field physics, we may soon enter an era where consciousness, character, and cosmos are no longer studied in isolation—but in harmonic integration.
This work received no specific funding or grant support. The authors declare no financial or institutional conflicts of interest.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization: D.C.S., writing-original draft preparation, D.C.S.; writing—review and editing, D.C.S.. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Funding

This work received no specific funding or grant support. The authors declare no financial or institutional conflicts of interest.

Data Availability Statement

All data used in this review were extracted from peer-reviewed published articles. PRISMA-ScR flow diagram are included in the manuscript. No additional unpublished datasets or statistical code were generated.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Abbreviations

Abbreviation Full Term / Definition
ADHD Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
AI Artificial Intelligence
ACC Anterior Cingulate Cortex
AANAT Aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase (enzyme in melatonin synthesis)
ASD Autism Spectrum Disorder
ASMT Acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase (enzyme in melatonin synthesis)
BDNF Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
BIS/BAS Behavioral Inhibition System / Behavioral Activation System
CLOCK Circadian Locomotor Output Cycles Kaput (circadian gene)
COMT Catechol-O-methyltransferase (dopamine metabolism gene)
DHEA Dehydroepiandrosterone (stress-modulating hormone)
DLPFC Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex
DMN Default Mode Network
DRD2 / DRD4 Dopamine Receptor D2 / D4 (dopaminergic polymorphisms)
EEG Electroencephalography
ENS Enteric Nervous System
fMRI Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
FFM Five-Factor Model (OCEAN) of personality
GWAS Genome-Wide Association Study
HPA axis Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Axis
HRV Heart Rate Variability
IRI Interpersonal Reactivity Index
IL-6 Interleukin 6 (pro-inflammatory cytokine)
MBTI Myers–Briggs Type Indicator
MDD Major Depressive Disorder
mPFC Medial Prefrontal Cortex
MRI Magnetic Resonance Imaging
NO Nitric Oxide
NEO-PI-R / NEO-FFI NEO Personality Inventory–Revised / Five-Factor Inventory
OCEAN Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism (Big Five)
OR Odds Ratio
PER1 Period Circadian Regulator 1 (clock gene)
PTSD Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
RR Relative Risk
SAD Seasonal Affective Disorder
SCN Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
STIFIn Sensing, Thinking, Intuiting, Feeling, Instinctive typology model
TPJ Temporoparietal Junction
VDR Vitamin D Receptor
vmPFC Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex
WHO World Health Organization

Appendix A

Table A1. Unified Archetypal-Neurobiological Matrix: Planets, Signs, and Systems.
Table A1. Unified Archetypal-Neurobiological Matrix: Planets, Signs, and Systems.
No Zodiac / Planet Element Symbolic Function Dominant Psychological Traits Modern Personality Overlap Neurochemical / Brain Circuit Correlates Associated Brain Regions
Aries / ♂ Mars Fire Action, aggression, boundaries Assertive,
impulsive,
challenge & autonomy-motivated
High extraversion, Low agreeableness;
↑ Dopamine (mesolimbic; dopaminergic initiation loop) [63,64,65,66]
↓ Serotonin (impulsivity control; Motor cortex activation) [94], adrenaline, testosterone
[94,95]
Sensorimotor, triatum, anterior cingulate cortex, hypothalamus [63,64,65,66,94]
Taurus / ♀ Venus Earth Bonding, aesthetics, value processing Grounded,
sensual (sensory-based),
comfort-driven;
seeks material stability
High conscientiousness, Low openness ↑ Oxytocin-linked reward
↑ Serotonin; vmPFC regulation (reward/stability sensory)
Oxytocin, endorphins
[67,68]
Nucleus accumbens, orbitofrontal cortex
Gemini / ☿ Mercury Air Cognition, language, flexibility Curiosity-driven,
mentally restless,
verbal and socially agile
High openness, High extraversion ↑Acetylcholine [69,70,71,72]; ↑ Dopaminergic (novelty), DLPFC activity (verbal cortex) [95,96] DLPFC, Broca’s/Wernicke’s areas [131]
Cancer / ☽ Moon Water Emotional memory, instinct, affect regulation Nurturing, emotionally-attuned, sentimentally attached High neuroticism, High agreeableness ↑ Oxytocin; limbic reactivity (right amygdala sensitivity, insula) [73,74,75,76,77]
vagus tone [97,98,99]
Serotonin, oxytocin, HPA axis modulation [138,139]

Amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus
Leo / ☉Sun Fire Core identity persona, vitality, self-expression radiant, theatrical, regal/majestic High extraversion, Moderate Conscientiousness,
Moderate agreeableness
↑ Dopamine; Nucleus Accumbens activation (limbic- social reward centers); serotonin self-image boost [100]
Mitochondrial activity, testosterone, cortisol balance
vmPFC, hypothalamus [140]
Virgo ~ Mercury Earth - Analytical, detail-focused, service-oriented High Conscientiousness, High Neuroticism ↑ Serotonin-dopamine regulation;
↑ dlPFC (precision, monitoring circuits) [101,102]
Left frontal lobe focus
Hypothalamus
Libra ~ Venus Air - Diplomatic, partnership-oriented, drawn to beauty and harmony balance High Agreeableness, Moderate openness mirror neuron activation [103],
↑ Oxytocin & GABA balance loop;
TPJ and mPFC (social cognition) [104]
mPFC
Scorpio / ♇ Pluto Water Power, trauma, regeneration, shadow Territorial, emotionally intense, mystery-driven (captures both their attraction to and embodiment of secrecy/power grip) High Neuroticism, High Conscientiousness ↑ Cortisol reactivity; amygdala–hippocampal/hypothalamus circuitry axis [105.106];oxytocin (trauma axis), epigenetic methylation [105,106,107,108,141,142,143]
Oxytocin [107,108]
Periaqueductal gray, hippocampus, limbic circuitry
Sagittarius / ♃ Jupiter Fire Expansion, belief, abstract cognition Philosophical, novelty-seeking, expansively adventurous High openness, Low neuroticism, low conscientiousness ↑ Dopaminergic reward seeking [63,64,65,66]; default mode network (abstract processing) serotonin, glutamate [137];
Hippocampal exploration [109,110]
Default mode network, angular gyrus, mPFC, TPJ [116,135,136,137]
. Capricorn / ♄ Saturn Earth Structure, inhibition, time, fear Persevering, duty-driven, pragmatic High Conscientiousness, Low extraversion ↑ Serotonin; OFC and dACC (executive inhibition, planning)
GABA, cortisol, vasopressin [111]
Prefrontal cortex executive function; low impulsivity
Dorsolateral PFC, amygdala, basal ganglia [111,132,133,134]
. Aquarius / ♅ Uranus Air Innovation, disruption, nervous excitation Visionary, unconventional, cerebral High openness, Low agreeableness ↑Dopamine–NMDA balance; DLPFC, parietal cortex (systems thinking), Norepinephrine, glutamate [112]
Default Mode Network; innovative processing [137]
Right parietal lobe, sensory integration cortex [112]
Pisces / ♆ Neptune Water Dissolution, imagination, altered states Imaginative,
spiritually attuned, emotionally porous
High neuroticism, High openness ↑ Serotonin,
↓ Cortisol (stress reactivity); limbic–default mode overlap, endorphins, melatonin [113]
DMN + limbic coupling; dream-reality integration [114]
Default mode network, precuneus, insula
*Modern personality overlap refers to the Big Five (OCEAN) classification (Openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism). Dopamine: Novelty seeking, reward drive (esp. in Fire signs). Serotonin: Emotional regulation, order, inhibition (Earth and Water). Oxytocin: Social bonding and empathy (Water, esp. Cancer/Pisces). Acetylcholine: Mental agility, verbal fluency (Air signs). Cortisol: Stress reactivity and vigilance (Scorpio, Pisces). Brain Regions: PFC = prefrontal cortex, DLPFC = dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, OFC = orbitofrontal cortex, ACC = anterior cingulate cortex, TPJ = temporoparietal junction. Default Mode Network (DMN): Linked to Neptune, Jupiter — supports imagination, self-reflection, spirituality. vmPFC/dlPFC: Key for Saturn, Mercury, Sun — executive functioning, inhibition, planning. Oxytocin/Dopamine Axis: Central to Venus, Moon — regulating social bonding, pleasure, and emotion.
Table A2. The 12 Astrological Houses as Neurobiopsychological Arenas.
Table A2. The 12 Astrological Houses as Neurobiopsychological Arenas.
No House Domain of Expression Psychobiological Focus Associated Brain/Body Systems Functional Neurocognitive Expression
1st - Ascendant Identity, embodiment, initiation Assertive, impulsive, bold Somatosensory cortex, insula, cerebellum Physical presence, body image, instinctive self
2nd Value, survival, material needs Reward sensitivity, safety mechanisms Orbitofrontal cortex, NAcc (reward), vagus nerve Self-worth, consumption, hedonic regulation
3rd Communication, perception, siblings Verbal cognition, short-term memory Broca’s & Wernicke’s areas, prefrontal cortex Language processing, curiosity, speech fluidity
4th-IC Home, ancestry, roots, emotional foundation Attachment system, parasympathetic tone Limbic system, HPA axis, vagus, hippocampus
Emotional security, maternal imprinting, memory encoding
5th Creativity, romance, inner child Play, aesthetic creation, dopaminergic drive Mesolimbic dopamine system, visual cortex
Expressive play, flirtation, ego reward, fertility instincts
6th Health, routine, service, somatics Circadian rhythm regulation, body-brain signaling Hypothalamus, gut-brain axis, endocrine system Stress regulation, habits, psychosomatic processing
7th-Descendant Partnerships, mirroring, projection Social cognition, mutual regulation mPFC, mirror neuron system, oxytocin pathways
Intimacy, fairness, attraction to opposites
8th Transformation, trauma, intimacy, death Fear memory, trauma imprinting, transmutation Amygdala, periaqueductal gray, epigenetic regulators
Crisis response, vulnerability, sexual bonding, inheritance
9th Meaning, belief, philosophy, expansion Abstract reasoning, belief formation Default mode network, precuneus, angular gyrus
Worldview, exploration, cultural identity
10th -MC Authority, legacy, public role Status-seeking, executive functioning Dorsolateral PFC, basal ganglia, OFC
Career direction, moral standards, reputation shaping
11th Community, innovation, collective mind Systems thinking, social foresight Right parietal lobe, social salience network Networks, technology affinity, social strategy
. 12th The unconscious, hidden pain, transcendence Dissociation, spiritual cognition, default awareness Insula, DMN, brainstem, pineal gland Mysticism, subconscious memory, dream states, solitude

References

  1. Major, JC. Archetypes and code biology. Biosystems, 1045. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  2. Salvatore, MK. Astrology and psychological types. Ciis, /: online , 2024. https, 29 November 2024. [Google Scholar]
  3. Thorndike, L. The true place of astrology in the history of science. Isis. [CrossRef]
  4. Jung CG, Rossi S, Grice KL. Jung on Astrology. [CrossRef]
  5. Robinson, DL. How brain arousal systems determine different temperament types and the major dimensions of personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 1233. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  6. Harmon-Jones E, Gable PA. Incorporating motivational intensity and direction into the study of emotions: implications for brain mechanisms of emotion and cognition-emotion interactions. Netherlands Journal of Psychology. [CrossRef]
  7. Buck, S. Hiding in plain sight: Jung, astrology, and the psychology of the unconscious. Journal of Analytical Psychology. [CrossRef]
  8. Campion, N. Sigmund Freud’s Investigation of Astrology. Culture and Cosmos. [CrossRef]
  9. McGillion, F. The influence of Wilhelm Fliess’ cosmobiology on Sigmund Freud. Culture and Cosmos. [CrossRef]
  10. Mahendra A, Mohanty SP, Sudalaimuthu S. Financial Astrology and Behavioral Bias: Evidence from India. Asia-Pacific Financial Markets. [CrossRef]
  11. Al GMGEt. Financial analysis method based on astrology, Fibonacci, and Astronacci to find a date of direction inversion base information Technology - JCI and future gold prices. Türk Bilgisayar Ve Matematik Eğitimi Dergisi, 1583. [CrossRef]
  12. Burns, WE. American astrologers in the first year of COVID-19. In: Springer eBooks. ; 2023:231-257. [CrossRef]
  13. Jaramillo, DL. Astrological TV: the creation and Destruction of a genre. Communication Culture and Critique. [CrossRef]
  14. The Zodiac collection. Minnie Muse. https://www.minniemuse.
  15. Blanks, T. The last temptation of Christian. The New York Times, 18 August 9045. [Google Scholar]
  16. Von Busch, O. Glamour magick, affective witchcraft, and occult fashion-abilities. In: Springer eBooks. ; 2023:211-228. [CrossRef]
  17. ELLE.com. Dua Lipa is not your typical leo. ELLE. https://www.elle.com/culture/celebrities/a60535065/dua-lipa-leo-starstruck-video/. Published April 18, 2024.Grafton A. Cardano’s cosmos: the worlds and works of a Renaissance astrologer. Choice Reviews Online, 18 April. [CrossRef]
  18. Kassell, L. Medicine and Magic in Elizabethan London: Simon Forman: astrologer, alchemist, and physician.; 2005. https://ci.nii.ac. 7209. [Google Scholar]
  19. Burnett, C. “Obvious, clear, and in front of our eyes”: Defending the science of astrology by means of experience. In: SpringerBriefs in History of Science and Technology. ; 2025:19-32. [CrossRef]
  20. Akasoy A, Burnett C, Yoeli-Tlalim R. Astro-medicine : astrology and medicine, East and West, /: http, 9123.
  21. Dick, HG. Students of Physic and Astrology. Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences. [CrossRef]
  22. Caffrey, B. Trusting the Stars: Using Astrology as Medicine. Published , 2022. https://journal.lib.uoguelph.ca/index. 24 February 6741. [Google Scholar]
  23. Greenbaum, DG. Astronomy, astrology, and medicine. In: Handbook of Archaeoastronomy and Ethnoastronomy. ; 2014:117-132. [CrossRef]
  24. Gilleard, C. Ageing and the Galenic tradition: a brief overview. Ageing and Society. [CrossRef]
  25. Cassano D, D’Amato CC. “The moon”; and “the blood”;: Two emblematic symbols in headache and epilepsy according to scientific traditions of the Salerno Medical School and popular medicine in southern Italy. Journal of the History of the Neurosciences. [CrossRef]
  26. E, A. External Factors that Direct the Biological Clock and Role in Treatment of Disease. Archives of Medicine. [CrossRef]
  27. McGillion, F. Blinded by Starlight: The Pineal Gland and Western Astronomia. Xlibris US; 2003. https://www.everand. 5239. [Google Scholar]
  28. Hamilton, MA. Astrology as a Culturally Transmitted Heuristic Scheme for Understanding Seasonality Effects: A Response to, Comprehensive Psychology. [CrossRef]
  29. Butler, HE. Solar Biology: a scientific method of delineating character, diagnosing disease, determining mental, physical, and business qualifica. Legare Street Press; 2022.
  30. Odent, M. Seasonality of Birth: Is There a Link between Primal Health Research and Astrology? Journal of Prenatal and Perinatal Psychology and Health, /: https, 1367. [Google Scholar]
  31. Borja, MC. The seasonal changes in human gene expression. Discovery.ucl.ac.uk, 26 May 1503. [Google Scholar]
  32. Bedrosian TA, Nelson RJ. Timing of light exposure affects mood and brain circuits. Translational Psychiatry, 1017. [CrossRef]
  33. Paditz, E. Postnatal development of the circadian rhythmicity of human pineal melatonin synthesis and secretion (Systematic Review). Children, 1197. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  34. Halabian A, Radahmadi M. The neurobiological mechanisms of photoperiod impact on brain functions: a comprehensive review. Reviews in the Neurosciences, 9 November 2024. [CrossRef]
  35. Stoyanova T, Nocheva H, Nenchovska Z, Krushovlieva D, Ivanova P, Tchekalarova J. Prenatal constant light exposure induces behavioral deficits in male and female rat offspring: Effects of prenatal melatonin treatment. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 1036. [CrossRef]
  36. Voiculescu SE, Duc DL, Roșca AE, et al. Behavioral and molecular effects of prenatal continuous light exposure in the adult rat. Brain Research, 1650. [CrossRef]
  37. Wang J, Gu R, Kong X, Luan S, Luo YLL. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and post-GWAS analyses of impulsivity: A systematic review. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 1109. [CrossRef]
  38. Fay CR, Toth AL. Is the genetic architecture of behavior exceptionally complex? Current Opinion in Insect Science, 1011. [CrossRef]
  39. Mehta D, Czamara D. GWAS of behavioral traits. Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences, 1: online , 2019, 1 January 2019. [CrossRef]
  40. Non AL, Cerdeña JP. Considerations, caveats, and suggestions for the use of polygenic scores for social and behavioral traits. Behavior Genetics. [CrossRef]
  41. Bakken NR, Parker N, Hannigan LJ, et al. Childhood trajectories of emotional and behavioral difficulties are related to polygenic liability for mood and anxiety disorders. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 27 October 2024. [CrossRef]
  42. Joo YY, Lee E, Kim BG, Kim G, Seo J, Cha J. Polygenic architecture of brain structure and function, behaviors, and psychopathologies in children. bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), 23 May 2024. [CrossRef]
  43. Bredström, A. Culture and Context in Mental Health diagnosing: Scrutinizing the DSM-5 revision. Journal of Medical Humanities. [CrossRef]
  44. Aggarwal, NK. Culture, Communication, and DSM-5 diagnostic Reliability. Journal of the National Medical Association. [CrossRef]
  45. Andreatta G, Tessmar-Raible K. The still dark side of the Moon: molecular mechanisms of Lunar-Controlled rhythms and clocks. Journal of Molecular Biology, 3525. [CrossRef]
  46. Cajochen C, Altanay-Ekici S, Münch M, Frey S, Knoblauch V, Wirz-Justice A. Evidence that the Lunar Cycle Influences Human Sleep. Current Biology, 1485. [CrossRef]
  47. Clauss JA, Avery SN, Blackford JU. The nature of individual differences in inhibited temperament and risk for psychiatric disease: A review and meta-analysis. Progress in Neurobiology. [CrossRef]
  48. Zimecki, M. The lunar cycle: effects on human and animal behavior and physiology. PubMed, /: https, 1640. [Google Scholar]
  49. Helfrich-Förster C, Monecke S, Spiousas I, Hovestadt T, Mitesser O, Wehr TA. Women temporarily synchronize their menstrual cycles with the luminance and gravimetric cycles of the Moon. Science Advances. [CrossRef]
  50. Burnett, C. The Certitude of Astrology: the Scientific Methodology of Al-Qabīsī and Abu MaShar1. Early Science and Medicine. [CrossRef]
  51. Greenbaum, DG. Hellenistic Astronomy in Medicine. In: BRILL eBooks. ; 2020:350-380. [CrossRef]
  52. Scofield, B. The nature of astrology: History, Philosophy, and the Science of Self-Organizing Systems. Simon and Schuster; 2023.
  53. Quinn, VS. Using Astrology to Confront & Discuss Pseudoscience in the Classroom. The American Biology Teacher. [CrossRef]
  54. Burke, K. Big Five personality traits and astrology: The relationship between the Moon variable and the NEO PI-R. Pacifica Graduate Institute ProQuest Dissertations & Theses, 2012. [Google Scholar]
  55. Wyman AJ, Vyse S. Science versus the Stars: A Double-Blind test of the validity of the NEO Five-Factor inventory and Computer-Generated Astrological Natal Charts. The Journal of General Psychology. [CrossRef]
  56. Park SH, Na HJ. A comparative study on the relationship between MBTI personality types and character cards of tarot. Industry Promotion Research, /: https, 2023.
  57. Case P, Phillipson G. Astrology, Alchemy and Retro-Organization Theory: An Astro-Genealogical critique of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator®. Organization. [CrossRef]
  58. Bosch, A. The cycle of the zodiac signs: Archetypes Rooted in Reality. Mijnbestseller.nl; 2022.
  59. Glas, N. The physiognomy of the temperaments. British Homeopathic Journal. [CrossRef]
  60. Zhang, X. Traditional Cosmology and Hamlet’s Delay--—Four humours and their activation of his personal character. Studies in Literature and Language. [CrossRef]
  61. Greenbaum, DG. Temperament: Astrology’s Forgotten Key.
  62. DeYoung, CG. The neuromodulator of exploration: A unifying theory of the role of dopamine in personality. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. [CrossRef]
  63. Pickering A, Gray J. Dopamine, appetitive reinforcement, and the neuropsychology of human learning: An individual differences approach. In: Advances in Individual Differences Research. ; 2001. http://eprints.gold.ac. 8445.
  64. Humińska-Lisowska, K. Dopamine in Sports: A narrative review on the genetic and epigenetic factors shaping personality and athletic performance. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 1160. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  65. Huminska-Lisowska K, Stronska-Pluta A, Suchanecka A, et al. Association study of the Taq1D rs1800498 polymorphism of the DRD2 gene with personality traits in a group of athletes. Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity. [CrossRef]
  66. Apergis-Schoute AM, Van Der Flier FE, Ip SHY, et al. Perseveration and shifting in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder as a function of uncertainty, punishment, and serotonergic medication. Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science. [CrossRef]
  67. Marcos-Prieto P, Ordali E, Mariotti V, et al. Dopaminergic and serotonergic genetic variants predict actions and expectations of cooperation and punishment. Scientific Reports. [CrossRef]
  68. Norden M, Kanarik M, Laugus K, et al. Serotonin release by parachloroamphetamine in rats with high and low sociability: High prefrontal release capacity in sociable females. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 24 September 2024. [CrossRef]
  69. Rajagopal L, Huang M, Mahjour S, et al. The dopamine D1 receptor positive allosteric modulator, DETQ, improves cognition and social interaction in aged mice and enhances cortical and hippocampal acetylcholine efflux. Behavioural Brain Research, 1147. [CrossRef]
  70. Rappeneau V, Díaz FC. Convergence of oxytocin and dopamine signalling in neuronal circuits: Insights into the neurobiology of social interactions across species. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 1056. [CrossRef]
  71. Chen WJ, Chen H, Li ZM, Huang WY, Wu JL. Acetylcholine muscarinic M1 receptors in the rodent prefrontal cortex modulate cognitive abilities to establish social hierarchy. Neuropsychopharmacology. [CrossRef]
  72. Zhang Y, Karadas M, Liu J, et al. Interaction of acetylcholine and oxytocin neuromodulation in the hippocampus. Neuron, 1862. [CrossRef]
  73. Zelinka V, Cojan Y, Desseilles M. Hypnosis, Attachment, and Oxytocin:An Integrative perspective1. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis. [CrossRef]
  74. Linden JH, Sugarman LI, De Benedittis Professor Of G, Varga K. Attachment and hypnosis. Revisiting Our Evolutionary Past to Reconstruct Our Future. The Routledge International Handbook of Clinical Hypnosis.
  75. Rijnders RJP, Van Den Hoogen S, Van Honk J, Terburg D, Kempes MM. Would you? Effects of oxytocin on moral choices in forensic psychopathic patients. Comprehensive Psychoneuroendocrinology, 1002. [CrossRef]
  76. Zheng X, Wang J, Yang X, et al. Oxytocin, but not vasopressin, decreases willingness to harm others by promoting moral emotions of guilt and shame. Molecular Psychiatry, 3475. [CrossRef]
  77. Thadea OSA, Putra ST, Putra IGNGS. The relationship between Galen’s personality type theory and emotional intelligence level. Biomolecular and Health Science Journal. [CrossRef]
  78. Orion, R. Astrology for Dummies (For Dummies (Sports & Hobbies)).; 2007. http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm? 1212. [Google Scholar]
  79. Curth, LH. Astrology and physick. In: Manchester University Press eBooks. ; 2018. [CrossRef]
  80. Eccles, B. Astrological Physiognomy from Ptolemy to the Present Day. Culture and Cosmos. [CrossRef]
  81. Corredera, VI. Faces and Figures of Fortune: Astrological Physiognomy in Tamburlaine Part 1. Early Modern Literary Studies, /: https, 1492. [Google Scholar]
  82. Ziegler, J. The matter of character: the case of pre-modern physiognomy. In: The New Synthese Historical Library. ; 2024:53-71. [CrossRef]
  83. Kai, Z. The Relationship between Personality Traits and Face Shapes in Chinese Traditional Physiognomy. Open Journal of Social Sciences. [CrossRef]
  84. Physiognomy at the crossroad of magic, science, and the arts.; 2024. [CrossRef]
  85. Barlow, N. Mars: An Introduction to its Interior, Surface and Atmosphere. Cambridge University Press; 2008.
  86. Encrenaz T, Coustenis A. Composition and chemistry of the atmospheres of terrestrial planets: Venus, the Earth, Mars, and Titan. In: Springer eBooks. ; 2017:1-28. [CrossRef]
  87. Solomon, SC. Mercury: the enigmatic innermost planet. Earth and Planetary Science Letters. [CrossRef]
  88. Charlier B, Namur O. The origin and differentiation of Planet Mercury. Elements. [CrossRef]
  89. Chakraborty, U. Effects of different phases of the lunar month on humans. Biological Rhythm Research. [CrossRef]
  90. Chakraborty U, Ghosh T. A study on the physical fitness index, heart rate and blood pressure in different phases of lunar month on male human subjects. International Journal of Biometeorology. [CrossRef]
  91. Leroy A, Very E, Birmes P, et al. Intrusive experiences in posttraumatic stress disorder: Treatment response induces changes in the directed functional connectivity of the anterior insula. NeuroImage Clinical, 1029. [CrossRef]
  92. Dominant Planets & Elements in Natal Chart, Astrology Online Calculator. Astro-Seek.com. https://horoscopes.astro-seek.
  93. Clinical biomechanics in human locomotion.; 2023. [CrossRef]
  94. Kiive E, Kanarik M, Veidebaum T, Harro J. Neuropeptide Y gene variants and Agreeableness: interaction effect with the birth cohort and the serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism. Acta Neuropsychiatrica. [CrossRef]
  95. Qiao Y, Song X, Yan J, et al. Neurological activation during verbal fluency task and resting-state functional connectivity abnormalities in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study. Frontiers in Psychiatry. [CrossRef]
  96. Ghanavati E, Salehinejad MA, Nejati V, Nitsche MA. Differential role of prefrontal, temporal and parietal cortices in verbal and figural fluency: Implications for the supramodal contribution of executive functions. Scientific Reports. [CrossRef]
  97. Porges SW, Davila MI, Lewis GF, et al. Autonomic regulation of preterm infants is enhanced by Family Nurture Intervention. Developmental Psychobiology. [CrossRef]
  98. Porter CL, Wouden-Miller M, Silva SS, Porter AE. Marital Harmony and Conflict: links to infants’ emotional regulation and cardiac vagal tone. Infancy. [CrossRef]
  99. Park G, Kappes A, Rho Y, Van Bavel JJ. At the heart of morality lies neuro-visceral integration: lower cardiac vagal tone predicts utilitarian moral judgment. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 1588. [CrossRef]
  100. De Greck M, Rotte M, Paus R, et al. Is our self based on reward? Self-relatedness recruits neural activity in the reward system. NeuroImage, 2066. [CrossRef]
  101. Petersen J, Ong CW, Hancock AS, Gillam RB, Levin ME, Twohig MP. An examination of the relationship between perfectionism and neurological functioning. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy. [CrossRef]
  102. Wu D, Wang K, Wei D, et al. Perfectionism mediated the relationship between brain structure variation and negative emotion in a nonclinical sample. Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience. [CrossRef]
  103. Enticott PG, Johnston PJ, Herring SE, Hoy KE, Fitzgerald PB. Mirror neuron activation is associated with facial emotion processing. Neuropsychologia, 2851. [CrossRef]
  104. Van Overwalle, F. Social cognition and the brain: A meta-analysis. Human Brain Mapping. [CrossRef]
  105. Walther S, Lefebvre S, Conring F, et al. Limbic links to paranoia: increased resting-state functional connectivity between amygdala, hippocampus and orbitofrontal cortex in schizophrenia patients with paranoia. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 1021. [CrossRef]
  106. Deng W, Tuominen L, Sussman R, Leathem L, Vinke LN, Holt DJ. Changes in responses of the amygdala and hippocampus during fear conditioning are associated with persecutory beliefs. Scientific Reports. [CrossRef]
  107. Liu YC, Deng YC, Zhu ZT, et al. Oxytocin modulates inhibitory balance in the prelimbic cortex to support social memory consolidation during REM sleep. Theranostics, 3257. [CrossRef]
  108. Walia V, Wal P, Mishra S, Agrawal A, Kosey S, Patil AD. Potential role of oxytocin in the regulation of memories and treatment of memory disorders. Peptides, 1712. [CrossRef]
  109. Plini ERG, Robertson IH, Brosnan MB, Dockree PM. Locus Coeruleus Is Associated with Higher Openness to Experience and IQ: Implications for the Noradrenergic System for Novelty Seeking in Daily Life. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 1: online , 2024, 13 October 2024. [CrossRef]
  110. Sivashankar Y, Fernandes M, Oudeyer PY, Sauzéon H. The beneficial role of curiosity on route memory in children. Frontiers in Cognition. [CrossRef]
  111. Chen H, Xie M, Ouyang M, et al. The impact of illness duration on brain activity in goal-directed and habit-learning systems in obsessive-compulsive disorder progression: A resting-state functional imaging study. Neuroscience. [CrossRef]
  112. Carli M, Invernizzi RW. Serotoninergic and dopaminergic modulation of cortico-striatal circuit in executive and attention deficits induced by NMDA receptor hypofunction in the 5-choice serial reaction time task. Frontiers in Neural Circuits. [CrossRef]
  113. Chellew K, Evans P, Fornes-Vives J, Pérez G, Garcia-Banda G. The effect of progressive muscle relaxation on daily cortisol secretion. Stress. [CrossRef]
  114. Afonso RF, Kraft I, Aratanha MA, Kozasa EH. Neural correlates of meditation a review of structural and functional MRI studies. Frontiers in Bioscience-Scholar. [CrossRef]
  115. Giannotta G, Ruggiero M, Trabacca A. Chronobiology in Paediatric Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Harmonizing Care with Biological Clocks. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 7737. [CrossRef]
  116. Coury SM, Lombroso A, Avila-Quintero VJ, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis: Season of birth and schizophrenia risk. Schizophrenia Research. [CrossRef]
  117. Albiñana C, Boelt SG, Cohen AS, et al. Developmental exposure to vitamin D deficiency and subsequent risk of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research. [CrossRef]
  118. Duan C, Jenkins ZM, Castle D. Therapeutic use of melatonin in schizophrenia: A systematic review. World Journal of Psychiatry. [CrossRef]
  119. Zhang R, Volkow ND. Seasonality of brain function: role in psychiatric disorders. Translational Psychiatry. [CrossRef]
  120. McCarthy MJ, Gottlieb JF, Gonzalez R, et al. Neurobiological and behavioral mechanisms of circadian rhythm disruption in bipolar disorder: A critical multi-disciplinary literature review and agenda for future research from the ISBD task force on chronobiology. Bipolar Disorders. [CrossRef]
  121. Luo H, Cheng J, Zhang Z, et al. Seasonal patterns in Chinese population: Validating the seasonal pattern assessment questionnaire and exploring associations with psychiatric diagnoses and biological rhythms. Chronobiology International. [CrossRef]
  122. Lewis P, Gottlieb JF, Morfeld P, Hellmich M, Erren TC. Perinatal photoperiod associations with bipolar disorder and depression: A systematic literature review and cross-sectional analysis of the UK Biobank database. Psychiatry Research, 1158. [CrossRef]
  123. McCarty R, Josephs T, Kovtun O, Rosenthal SJ. Correction: Enlightened: addressing circadian and seasonal changes in photoperiod in animal models of bipolar disorder. Translational Psychiatry. [CrossRef]
  124. Majrashi NA, Alyami AS, Shubayr NA, Alenezi MM, Waiter GD. Amygdala and subregion volumes are associated with photoperiod and seasonal depressive symptoms: A cross-sectional study in the UK Biobank cohort. European Journal of Neuroscience, 1388. [CrossRef]
  125. Xavier NB, Abreu ACVO, Amando GR, et al. Chronobiological parameters as predictors of early treatment response in major depression. Journal of Affective Disorders. [CrossRef]
  126. Hyndych A, El-Abassi R, Mader EC. The role of sleep and the effects of sleep loss on cognitive, affective, and behavioral processes. Cureus, 16 May 2025. [CrossRef]
  127. Polat, Y. Examination of interdisciplinary personality profiles in context of Financial Behaviors. DergiPark (Istanbul University), /: online , 2022. https, 31 July 2022. [Google Scholar]
  128. Raji H, Dinesh S, Sharma S. Inside the impulsive brain: a narrative review on the role of neurobiological, hormonal and genetic factors influencing impulsivity in psychiatric disorders. The Egyptian Journal of Neurology Psychiatry and Neurosurgery. [CrossRef]
  129. Zeng J, Yan J, Cao H, et al. Neural substrates of reward anticipation and outcome in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of fMRI findings in the monetary incentive delay task. Translational Psychiatry. [CrossRef]
  130. Kohlhoff J, Cibralic S, Hawes DJ, Eapen V. Oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) polymorphisms and social, emotional and behavioral functioning in children and adolescents: A systematic narrative review. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 1045. [CrossRef]
  131. Ono Y, Zhang X, Noah JA, Dravida S, Hirsch J. Bidirectional connectivity between Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area during interactive verbal communication. Brain Connectivity. [CrossRef]
  132. Gilbertson H, Fang L, Andrzejewski JA, Carlson JM. Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex intrinsic functional connectivity linked to electrocortical measures of error monitoring. Psychophysiology. [CrossRef]
  133. Brockett AT, Roesch MR. Anterior cingulate cortex and adaptive control of brain and behavior. International Review of Neurobiology, 2: online , 2020, 16 December 2020. [CrossRef]
  134. Clairis N, Lopez-Persem A. Debates on the dorsomedial prefrontal/dorsal anterior cingulate cortex: insights for future research. Brain, 4826. [CrossRef]
  135. Shan Q, Tian Y, Chen H, Lin X, Tian Y. Reduction in the activity of VTA/SNc dopaminergic neurons underlies aging-related decline in novelty seeking. Communications Biology. [CrossRef]
  136. Hu Y, Pereira AM, Gao X, et al. Right temporoparietal junction underlies avoidance of moral transgression in autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Neuroscience, 1699. [CrossRef]
  137. Yeshurun Y, Nguyen M, Hasson U. The default mode network: where the idiosyncratic self meets the shared social world. Nature Reviews Neuroscience. [CrossRef]
  138. Abraham E, Zagoory-Sharon O, Feldman R. Early maternal and paternal caregiving moderates the links between preschoolers’ reactivity and regulation and maturation of the HPA-immune axis. Developmental Psychobiology, 1482. [CrossRef]
  139. Caria A, Dall’Ò GM. Functional Neuroimaging of Human hypothalamus in Socioemotional Behavior: a Systematic review. Brain Sciences. [CrossRef]
  140. Evangelou, G. The neuropsychology of free will: An expensive mechanism. Psych-Talk. [CrossRef]
  141. Schou WS, Ashina S, Amin FM, Goadsby PJ, Ashina M. Calcitonin gene-related peptide and pain: a systematic review. The Journal of Headache and Pain. [CrossRef]
  142. Popescu ER, Semeniuc S, Hritcu LD, et al. Cortisol and oxytocin could predict covert aggression in some psychotic patients. Medicina. [CrossRef]
  143. Mbiydzenyuy NE, Qulu LA. Stress, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, and aggression. Metabolic Brain Disease, 1613. [CrossRef]
  144. Andelin L, Reynolds S, Schoen S. Effectiveness of Occupational therapy using a Sensory Integration Approach: a Multiple-Baseline Design Study. American Journal of Occupational Therapy. [CrossRef]
  145. Kearney BE, Lanius RA. The brain-body disconnect: A somatic sensory basis for trauma-related disorders. Frontiers in Neuroscience. [CrossRef]
  146. Checa A, Alvear M, Navas E, et al. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HYPOTHALAMUS AND SEXUAL ORIENTATION. MNJ (Malang Neurology Journal). [CrossRef]
  147. Zhou X, Li A, Mi X, et al. Hyperexcited limbic neurons represent sexual satiety and reduce mating motivation. Science, 6634. [CrossRef]
  148. Smallwood J, Bernhardt BC, Leech R, Bzdok D, Jefferies E, Margulies DS. The default mode network in cognition: a topographical perspective. Nature Reviews Neuroscience. [CrossRef]
  149. Saputra RRT, Saputri RAM, Mardiyyah A. Alat Ukur STIFIn untuk Mengukur Perilaku Pemimpin dalam Bisnis. LITERATUS. [CrossRef]
  150. Poniman, F. A Grand Theory of STIFIn Personality: Basic Functions Theory Revisited. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation. [CrossRef]
  151. Davies G, Welham J, Chant D, Torrey EF, McGrath J. A systematic review and meta-analysis of Northern Hemisphere season of birth studies in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin. [CrossRef]
  152. Torrey EF, Miller J, Rawlings R, Yolken RH. Seasonality of births in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: a review of the literature. Schizophrenia Research. [CrossRef]
  153. Chotai J, Serretti A, Lattuada E, Lorenzi C, Lilli R. Gene–environment interaction in psychiatric disorders as indicated by season of birth variations in tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), serotonin transporter (5-HTTLPR) and dopamine receptor (DRD4) gene polymorphisms. Psychiatry Research. [CrossRef]
  154. Chotai J, Smedh K, Johansson C, Nilsson LG, Adolfsson R. An epidemiological study on gender differences in self-reported seasonal changes in mood and behaviour in a general population of northern Sweden. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. [CrossRef]
  155. Chotai J, Lundberg M, Adolfsson R. Variations in personality traits among adolescents and adults according to their season of birth in the general population: further evidence. Personality and Individual Differences. [CrossRef]
  156. Chotai J, Smedh K, Nilsson LG, Adolfsson R. A dual vulnerability hypothesis for seasonal depression is supported by the seasonal pattern assessment questionnaire in relation to the temperament and character inventory of personality in a general population. Journal of Affective Disorders. [CrossRef]
  157. Chotai J, Wiseman R. Born lucky? The relationship between feeling lucky and month of birth. Personality and Individual Differences, 1451. [CrossRef]
  158. Kolevzon A, Gross R, Reichenberg A. Prenatal and perinatal risk factors for autism. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine. [CrossRef]
  159. Landgraf D, McCarthy MJ, Welsh DK. Circadian clock and stress interactions in the molecular biology of psychiatric disorders. Current Psychiatry Reports. [CrossRef]
  160. Hühne A, Welsh DK, Landgraf D. Prospects for circadian treatment of mood disorders. Annals of Medicine. [CrossRef]
  161. Chen YC, Sheen JM, Tiao MM, Tain YL, Huang LT. Roles of melatonin in fetal programming in compromised pregnancies. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 5380. [CrossRef]
  162. Smals AGH, Kloppenborg PWC, Benraad ThJ. CIRCANNUAL CYCLE IN PLASMA TESTOSTERONE LEVELS IN MAN. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. [CrossRef]
  163. Blazer, DG. Depression in Late Life: review and commentary. The Journals of Gerontology Series A. [CrossRef]
  164. Wehr TA, Duncan WC, Sher L, et al. A circadian signal of change of season in patients with seasonal affective disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry, 1108. [CrossRef]
  165. Wehr TA, Giesen HA, Schulz PM, et al. Contrasts between symptoms of summer depression and winter depression. Journal of Affective Disorders. [CrossRef]
  166. Langevin HM, Churchill DL, Cipolla MJ. Mechanical signaling through connective tissue: a mechanism for the therapeutic effect of acupuncture. The FASEB Journal, 2275. [CrossRef]
  167. Somanadhapai S, Yadav SS, Rana S. Application of environics color slides in optimizing the health and well-being. Recent Updates in Disease and Health Research. [CrossRef]
  168. Priya SP, Rao P, Padmanabhan V, Chaitanya NCSK. Principles and Therapeutics of Yajna. Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences, S: 5), 4271. [CrossRef]
  169. Choudhary, M. Pain Management in Ardhavbhedaka (Migraine Headache) through Adhipati and Krikatika Marma Therapy. International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology. [CrossRef]
  170. Kantermann T, Sung H, Burgess HJ. Comparing the Morningness-Eveningness questionnaire and Munich ChronoType questionnaire to the Dim Light melatonin onset. Journal of Biological Rhythms. [CrossRef]
  171. Davies, EA. The interaction of specific frequency bands in the geomagnetic field diurnal spectrum, with specific frequency bands in the human heart rate variability diurnal spectrum. Research Square (Research Square), 26 July 2022. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  172. Ramishvili A, Janashia K, Tvildiani L. High heart rate variability causes better adaptation to the impact of geomagnetic storms. Atmosphere, 1707. [CrossRef]
  173. Blanco-Prieto, O. , Catalán, J., Catalán, J., Trujillo-Rojas, L., Peña, A., Rivera del Alamo, M. M., Llavanera, M., Bonet, S., Fernández-Novell, J. M., Yeste, M., & Rodríguez-Gil, J. E. (2020). Red LED Light Acts on the Mitochondrial Electron Chain of Mammalian Sperm via Light-Time Exposure-Dependent Mechanisms. Cells, 912), 2546. [CrossRef]
  174. Herrera, M. , Caldeira da Silva, C. C., Baptista, M. S., & Kowaltowski, A. J. (2024). Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Oxidation is Stimulated by Red Light Irradiation. [CrossRef]
  175. Keller, H. Decolonizing psychology as a scientific and ethical necessity. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture. [CrossRef]
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.
Copyright: This open access article is published under a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, which permit the free download, distribution, and reuse, provided that the author and preprint are cited in any reuse.
Prerpints.org logo

Preprints.org is a free preprint server supported by MDPI in Basel, Switzerland.

Subscribe

Disclaimer

Terms of Use

Privacy Policy

Privacy Settings

© 2026 MDPI (Basel, Switzerland) unless otherwise stated