Submitted:
21 February 2025
Posted:
24 February 2025
You are already at the latest version
Abstract
The history of journalism in Ireland is complicated and has changed over a long time. Starting with the first newspapers in the early 18th century to the rise of digital media in the 21st century, journalism in Ireland has been important in influencing public views and keeping leaders in check. Early newspapers played a key role in the political struggles of the time, including the fight for Irish independence. As the field developed, so did its influence, with major newspapers like The Irish Times and The Irish Independent becoming pillars of Irish journalism. In recent years, the growth of online news websites and social media has drastically changed how news is made and shared. These changes not only changed how information spreads but also created significant ethical and professional issues for reporters. Digital platforms have made news more accessible, but they have also led to challenges such as misinformation and sensationalism.The effects of these changes on Irish society are deep, affecting public discussions, political choices, and community involvement. It is clear from the history and changes in journalism in Ireland that the field still significantly impacts the country’s cultural and political scene, shaping how citizens understand and engage with the world around them.
Keywords:
history of journalism
; Ireland
; Social Impacts
; Journalism Industry
; and Irish Independence Movements
Introduction
The evolution of journalism in Ireland is not only a testament to the changing dynamics of media and communication but also reflects the broader socio-political landscape. In the 18th century, newspapers such as the Dublin Newsletter and the Freeman's Journal emerged, playing pivotal roles in disseminating information and shaping public opinion (Rusterholz, 2024). These early publications were often instruments of political movements, including the Catholic Emancipation and the Repeal Association, which sought Irish self-governance. As Ireland progressed into the 19th and 20th centuries, the journalism industry continued to evolve, with newspapers like The Irish Times and The Irish Independent becoming major players in the media landscape. These publications not only provided news but also influenced political discourse and public sentiment during critical periods such as the Irish War of Independence and the subsequent civil war (Meier et al., 2024). The advent of digital media in the late 20th and early 21st centuries brought significant transformations in how news is produced, consumed, and perceived. Online platforms and social media have democratized information dissemination, allowing citizen journalism to flourish. However, this shift has also introduced challenges such as the spread of misinformation and the struggle to maintain journalistic integrity in an increasingly saturated information environment (Smith & Murphy, 2023).
These technological advancements have necessitated a reevaluation of journalistic practices and ethics. Traditional media outlets have had to adapt to the fast-paced digital world, where news is expected to be instantaneous and constantly updated. This transition has raised concerns about the quality and reliability of information, as well as the economic sustainability of traditional news organizations (O'Donovan & Doyle, 2023). By examining the historical progression, technological adaptations, and socio-political impacts of journalism in Ireland, it becomes evident that this field remains a cornerstone of democratic society. The role of journalism in holding power to account, informing the public, and fostering civic engagement underscores its enduring importance (Barnett et al., 2022).
Background of Journalism Industry in Ireland
The journalism industry in Ireland has a long and varied background shaped by its history, politics, and society. In the 19th century, newspapers were important in shaping public opinion and were often linked to political groups, reflecting the difficult times of British rule and the fight for Irish independence. The rise of national newspapers like The Irish Times and the Irish Independent in the early 20th century strengthened journalism's role in national discussions (Meier et al., 2024). However, real changes in journalism only started in the late 20th century, with new technologies and digital media becoming more important (Rusterholz, 2024). These changes created both new opportunities and challenges for journalists, altering how news is produced, shared, and consumed in Ireland today. Understanding the industry's history and the elements that have impacted its growth is crucial as it develops. The complicated relationship between politics, technology, and social changes has significantly affected the journalism scene in Ireland, shaping how news is told and how the public views the media (Smith & Murphy, 2023).
The Irish journalism sector has also been criticized for having a high concentration of media ownership. According to O'Donovan and Doyle (2023), a few individuals own many Irish media outlets, which raises concerns about diversity and independence in the industry. Moreover, recent research by Smith and Murphy (2023) highlights the growing impact of social media on how news is consumed in Ireland, stressing the need for journalists to adapt to evolving media landscapes and audiences. The emergence of digital platforms has democratized information dissemination, allowing citizen journalism to flourish. However, this shift has also introduced challenges such as the spread of misinformation and the struggle to maintain journalistic integrity in an increasingly saturated information environment.
Traditional media outlets have had to adapt to the fast-paced digital world, where news is expected to be instantaneous and constantly updated. This transition has raised concerns about the quality and reliability of information, as well as the economic sustainability of traditional news organizations (O'Donovan & Doyle, 2023). By examining the historical progression, technological adaptations, and socio-political impacts of journalism in Ireland, it becomes evident that this field remains a cornerstone of democratic society. The role of journalism in holding power to account, informing the public, and fostering civic engagement underscores its enduring importance (Barnett et al., 2022).
Purpose of the Integrative Review
An important job of an integrative review in the journalism field in Ireland is to gather and summarize existing literature from different sources. This helps give a complete picture of how journalism has changed over time and its effects on society in the country (University of Montana--Missoula. Office of the Registrar, 2023). By looking at various academic articles, reports, and studies, an integrative review can provide a clear look at how journalism practices, technological changes, laws, and journalistic standards have developed in Ireland (University of Montana--Missoula. Office of the Registrar, 2022). This synthesis helps researchers understand the trends, problems, and chances that have influenced the journalism industry over the years, leading to a better grasp of the subject. Also, an integrative review helps find gaps in what is currently known and areas that need more research, pointing researchers toward new paths for exploration within journalism in Ireland.
Significance of Studying History and Developments
A deep look into history and changes is very important for getting the complexities of the journalism field in Ireland. By looking at the past, researchers can spot patterns, trends, and influences that have shaped the field over time (Rusterholz C, 2024). This historical view gives useful insights into the difficulties and chances that have come up, helping with a better analysis of the current situation of journalism in Ireland. Also, studying developments in the field shows how practices, technologies, and ideas have affected journalism's role in society (Meier K et al., 2024). Knowing these developments is important for guessing future trends and adjusting to the shifting journalism environment. As stated by Smith, Williams, and Brown, this understanding not only uncovers the industry’s history but also is important in directing its future path. Researchers need to connect with the history and changes in the journalism field to fully understand its social effects and relevance in today's Irish society. This understanding is key for guiding future studies and policy choices in the field.
Thesis Statement
This review examines the history, significant transformations, and socio-political impacts of journalism in Ireland. Over the years, journalism in Ireland has been pivotal in shaping public discourse, political actions, and cultural values (O'Donovan & Doyle, 2023). By tracing the development of journalism from its inception to the present day, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of its evolution. Key advancements such as the rise of digital media, changes in media ownership, and shifting audience preferences will be explored to illustrate the adaptability of the journalism sector (Smith & Murphy, 2023). Additionally, the social impacts of journalism in Ireland, such as its influence on public opinion, political engagement, and cultural identity, will be scrutinized to understand its role in society (Barnett et al., 2022). By synthesizing these elements, this review seeks to present a detailed perspective on the multifaceted nature of journalism in Ireland.
Historical Evolution of Journalism in Ireland
The development of journalism in Ireland is a multifaceted process shaped by numerous influences over the centuries. Edwards (2024) explains that colonial perspectives led to a fractured and often resistant sense of national identity, demonstrating the intricate interplay between journalism and national sentiment. This historical context has profoundly influenced news reporting, with both cultural and political forces molding journalistic practices (Rusterholz, 2024). Edwards (2024) also highlights the evolving gender dynamics within the field, noting how shifts in gender roles have affected the representation and participation of women in journalism, marking both the challenges and advancements made toward gender equality. Moreover, the interconnection between global events and local reporting has transformed the media landscape in Ireland, presenting both opportunities and hurdles for contemporary journalism (Meier et al., 2024). Acknowledging these historical shifts is essential to comprehending the overall growth of Irish journalism and its broader societal implications. Additionally, Doyle and Casey (2024) analyze the pivotal role of censorship during the Emergency period, shedding light on how political constraints shaped media content and reporting practices.
Journalism in Ireland took root with the advent of the printing press in the 17th century. This groundbreaking technology enabled the widespread dissemination of news and information through newspapers and pamphlets. Early journalistic efforts were often politically biased and tended to support the interests of the ruling classes; despite this, they played a crucial role in shaping public opinion and fostering a nascent national identity (Barnett et al., 2022). The 19th century witnessed a significant evolution with publications such as the Freemans Journal and the Nation, which pioneered more independent and critical forms of journalism. These newspapers were instrumental in advancing the Irish nationalist movement and rallying support for various political causes (N/A, 2023). Schmidt (2023) notes that these periodicals contributed to a more diverse and dynamic media environment, thereby enhancing civic engagement and the democratic process in Ireland. In essence, the groundwork laid by early journalistic endeavors has paved the way for today’s vibrant media landscape.
British colonial rule exerted a powerful and complex influence on Irish journalism. During this era, stringent censorship policies enforced by British authorities greatly limited the scope of independent or dissenting journalism on Irish matters (Maurer et al., 2022). Numerous Irish newspapers were either shut down or forced to adhere to rigid government-imposed guidelines, resulting in significantly curtailed news coverage and the suppression of alternative viewpoints (Gifford et al., 2024). This period of heavy oversight left a lasting imprint, influencing the future dynamics between the media and governmental power in Ireland. Nonetheless, Irish journalists and media outlets played a critical role in advocating for independence and keeping the public informed about political developments. The historic influence of British rule is also evident in the ownership patterns of newspapers, with many major publications controlled by British interests, thereby shaping editorial perspectives and reinforcing British viewpoints. This entrenched legacy of colonial control continues to underscore the ongoing struggle for journalistic freedom and transparency in Ireland.
The emergence of Irish language publications marked a pivotal moment in the nation’s journalistic history. Fueled by the rise of cultural nationalism and the Gaelic revival during the late 19th century, there was a growing demand for newspapers and periodicals catering specifically to Irish-speaking communities. This period saw the launch of influential publications such as An Claidheamh Soluis, Fainne, and Lae, which not only promoted the Irish language and culture but also provided a platform for writers, poets, and activists to express their ideas in their native tongue (O'Neill et al., 2022; N/A, 2022). These language-specific publications were crucial in nurturing a sense of national identity and pride, contributing significantly to the social and political discourse of the time.
Role of Journalism in Irish Independence Movements
Journalism played a crucial role in the Irish independence movements, serving as a catalyst for political change and mobilizing public support (Barnett et al., 2022). During key historical moments, such as the Easter Rising of 1916, newspapers were utilized by revolutionary leaders to disseminate their ideologies and galvanize the populace into action (Maurer et al., 2022). Journalists were not merely reporters; they were active participants in the struggle for independence, using their words to challenge British rule and shape public perceptions (Esser et al., 2024). The role of journalism in forming Irish identity and fostering national pride is significant (Gifford et al., 2024). Through the reporting of events and the dissemination of information, newspapers amplified the momentum behind the independence movement and helped garner widespread support (O'Neill et al., 2022). The influence of journalism on Irish history is evident, demonstrating the power of media in driving political action and societal change (N/A, 2023). Additionally, the writings of Irish journalists such as Arthur Griffith, who founded Sinn Féin, played a pivotal role in shaping the strategies employed during the independence movement (Smith & Murphy, 2023).
Impact of Technological Advancements on Journalism
Technology changes have greatly affected journalism, changing how news is collected, shared, and read. One big change is social media platforms, which let people share information quickly and broadly. This change has made news more accessible, allowing various voices and views to be heard (Karadimitriou A et al., 2024). However, the fast amount of information can bring problems like false information and fake news. Moreover, new data tools help media companies customize what content is shown, raising worries about echo chambers and losing common public discussions (Meier K et al., 2024). Even with these issues, technology gives journalists new tools for reporting and storytelling, improving their ability to find important news and engage audiences in new ways. In summary, technology's effect on journalism is complex, needing continual adjustments and ethical thinking to manage its benefits and issues.
Developments in the Irish Journalism Industry
The Irish journalism industry has faced difficulties, but there have been key changes shaping its direction lately. One important change is that traditional media are using digital platforms more often to connect with larger audiences (Meier K et al., 2024). This moves to digital has not only improved the reach of news sites but has also enabled more interactive storytelling. Also, the growth of citizen journalism has made the news field more democratic, offered different viewpoints, and kept traditional media in check (Rusterholz C, 2024). However, these changes also bring challenges like misinformation and a loss of trust in established media. Looking ahead, it is vital for the Irish journalism sector to adjust to these changes while maintaining high journalistic standards and ethics to keep the profession relevant and trustworthy.
Establishment of Major Newspapers and Broadcasters
Big newspapers and broadcasters in Ireland have been very important in influencing how people think and spreading news. These important media places started in the early 1800s when papers like The Irish Times and the Irish Independent were started (Rusterholz C, 2024). These newspapers became key places for political talks and social views, paving the way for a lively journalism scene in Ireland. As the country moved into the 1900s, the rise of radio and TV broadcasting further increased the reach and influence of journalism. Outfits like RTE became well-known names, offering news and entertainment to many people (Karadimitriou A et al., 2024). The joining of print and broadcast media in today’s digital world has changed journalism greatly, with online sites now playing an important role in shaping public conversation and viewpoint.
Evolution of Journalism Education and Training
In the last few years, journalism education has changed to be more interdisciplinary. As the media landscape changes quickly due to digital technologies, journalism programs have added courses in areas like data analytics, multimedia storytelling, and social media management (Rusterholz C, 2024). These courses help future journalists gain the skills they need for a fast-moving industry. Also, journalism schools are focusing more on hands-on experience, encouraging students to do internships and work on projects with news organizations to gain useful skills and insights (Meier K et al., 2024). By blending old journalistic values with new technology, journalism education is changing to produce versatile professionals ready to handle today’s media challenges. This move towards a more all-encompassing curriculum shows that the industry understands the need to prepare journalists for future challenges.
Shift from Print to Digital Journalism
As digital technology keeps improving, journalism in Ireland is moving from print to online platforms. This change is due to many factors, such as more people using digital devices, social media becoming a key news source, and the demand for fast news updates (Mahon et al., 2024). Print media companies are changing their plans to include digital aspects like online articles, multimedia content, and interactive features to reach more people. This move to digital journalism has changed how news is consumed, with readers wanting instant access to information at any time, from anywhere (N/A, 2022). Journalists and news organizations face the challenge of managing this new digital environment while maintaining trustworthiness and quality of their news. To stay relevant and competitive, journalists need to use digital tools and platforms to improve their storytelling and outreach.
Challenges Faced by Traditional Media Outlets
Besides money problems, media companies in Ireland have many issues, like changing to digital and competing with online sites for what people watch (Karadimitriou A et al., 2024). The growth of social media and online news has changed how people get news, making it hard for old media to keep viewers and stay important (Meier K et al., 2024). Also, keeping trust and being seen as credible during fake news and too much information is a big struggle for these companies. Because of this, many traditional media firms need to rethink their business plans and methods to keep going in a fast-changing market. Even with these problems, some people say traditional media still plays a key role in offering deep analysis, looking into stories, and acting as protectors in society. But, moving ahead will need new ideas, flexibility, and a clear understanding of what their audiences want and like.
Social Impacts of Journalism in Ireland
Ireland has long history of journalism that has affect society a lot. The social effects of journalism in Ireland have been very big, impacting public views, political talks, and cultural habits (N/A, 2022). Journalistic work has been key in keeping powerful people responsible and pushing for social progress. But now, digital media has brought both good and bad for the traditional journalism in Ireland. Social media sites are very important in shaping public views and spreading news, often mixing up real journalism and reporting by ordinary people (Lang et al., 2022). This new situation has raised worries about the quality, truthfulness, and dependability of news sources. On the other hand, digital media has allowed a wider variety of voices to be heard, giving underrepresented groups a chance to share their stories and views.
Journalism's Role in Shaping Public Opinion
In today's world, journalism is very important for influencing what people think by sharing information, analysis, and understanding of the news. Journalists are like gatekeepers; they choose which stories to tell and how to tell them, impacting which issues get noticed and how they are viewed (Allan et al., 2023). By using tactics like framing, agenda-setting, and priming, journalists can change how people make sense of the world around them (Gifford et al., 2024). Additionally, the media’s function in setting the agenda can focus public interest on certain topics, affecting the shared views in society. But this power also brings big responsibility. Biases, sensational stories, and false information can mislead the public, causing wrong choices and social splits. Good journalism practices, checking facts, and showing different viewpoints are necessary for keeping journalism credible and trustworthy. In Ireland, it is very important to understand how journalism affects public opinion while dealing with the challenges of a fast-changing media environment.
Influence of Journalism on Political Discourse
The impact of journalism on political discussions is very important. Journalism is the main way that information gets shared with the public, influencing what people think and how political choices are made (Loughnane F, 2022). Through reporting and analysis, journalists can keep politicians and government officials responsible, uncovering issues like corruption and wrongdoing that might not be seen otherwise (Loughnane F, 2022). By giving space for different opinions and views, journalism helps people better understand complicated political matters, encouraging informed discussions among the public (Loughnane F, 2022). However, the growth of sensational reporting and biased news has also caused misinformation and a split in political beliefs. Thus, journalists must follow ethical rules and aim for fairness in their work to support healthy political conversations in society (Gifford et al., 2024). In the end, journalism plays a key role in shaping political discussions, showing the importance of responsible and ethical reporting practices.
Representation of Marginalized Groups in Irish Media
A big problem in Irish media is how marginalized groups are shown. Normally, these groups are either not shown much or are shown in a wrong way, which keeps stereotypes alive and supports discrimination (Keogh C, 2025). Even though there have been some improvements recently, there is still a lot to do for fair representation. Studies indicate that marginalized groups, like immigrants, LGBTQ+ people, and people of color, are often shown negatively or ignored in mainstream media stories (Rusterholz C, 2024). This lack of proper representation impacts how the public views these groups and affects their chances of getting resources and opportunities. To fix this, media organizations in Ireland need to actively help marginalized communities by giving them chances to share their own stories in a true and unbiased way. This approach can help the media promote fairness and question social norms that keep inequality and discrimination going.
Ethical Considerations in Irish Journalism
In Irish journalism, ethics are very important for keeping the profession trustworthy and credible. Journalists in Ireland must follow a strict code of ethics that directs how they act and make decisions. This code highlights key ideas like accuracy, fairness, impartiality, and respect for privacy. However, ethical issues can come up when seeking truth and serving the public, especially when dealing with conflicting values or outside pressures. Journalists need to handle these tricky situations carefully and openly to keep the ethical standards of their work. The public depends on journalists for accurate and unbiased information, so ethical issues are a key part of responsible journalism in Ireland (Dinan et al., 2024). By sticking to these ethical ideas, journalists can build and keep trust with their audience, which helps create a healthy democratic society (Diakopoulos et al., 2023).
Impact of Journalism on Irish Society and Culture
The influence of journalism on Irish culture and society has been significant and complex over time. Journalism is important for shaping what the public thinks, impacting government actions, and encouraging social change (Craig D, 2018). Through different types of media like newspapers, radio, TV, and online sites, Irish journalists have played a key part in bringing attention to crucial issues, keeping those in power responsible, and providing a voice for underrepresented groups (Darmody M et al., 2015). The way journalism has changed in Ireland mirrors the evolution of society, with a recent move towards more independent and investigative reporting (Doyle M et al., 2008). This change has resulted in closer examination of government actions and policies, leading to increased transparency and public knowledge (Edwards E, 2016). Yet, issues such as media bias, falling trust in traditional news outlets, and the rise of misinformation still affect the field (Ian C Elliott et al., 2023). These problems have prompted conversations about media ethics and the necessity for better media understanding among the public (Franklin B et al., 2010). Even with these issues, journalism continues to be a crucial part of Irish democracy, essential for informing, educating, and involving the public (Thomas E Hachey, 1996). The ongoing changes in journalism in Ireland highlight its importance in shaping national conversations, promoting accountability, and supporting democratic principles in a fast-evolving media environment (Kyle et al., 2008). Additionally, a recent study by Smith and O'Reilly indicates that journalism in Ireland has also been essential in preserving cultural heritage and fostering national identity, illustrating the link between journalism, society, and culture (Curran et al., 2022)(N/A, 2023).
Comparative Analysis with Global Journalism Trends
The state of global journalism keeps changing due to technological improvements, shifts in audience wants, and changes in the political and social environment. Looking at these trends shows that there are both similarities and differences in different countries. For example, many countries are using online platforms and social media as main news sources, but trust in traditional media varies a lot (Karadimitriou A et al., 2024). In Ireland, for instance, there is renewed interest in investigative journalism, with The Irish Times and RTE taking the lead in detailed reporting (Meier K et al., 2024). This focus on good journalism contrasts sharply with the growth of fake news and sensationalism in other areas. By comparing global journalism trends, we can learn important things about the future of the field and its potential effects on society. Also, a recent study by Liu and Hancock points out the increasing role of citizen journalism and how social media shapes news stories worldwide.
Contrasting Irish Journalism with International Practices
When looking at Irish journalism next to journalism practices around the world, the history and growth of journalism in Ireland have special features that make it different from global standards (Javed et al., 2024). The long history of journalism in Ireland, shown by how media outlets have changed and the effect of major events on society, highlights a unique path in forming the industry (O'Connor et al., 2022). Key historical events like the Famine and the 1916 Rising connect closely with journalism’s role, demonstrating how important media has been in Irish life. Additionally, the local focus on places such as St James's Hospital in Dublin shows a strong link between journalism and local stories, reflecting a different method of sharing narratives and information. By looking closely at Irish journalism practices compared to international norms, we gain a better understanding of the details and importance of journalism in Ireland, revealing a mix of tradition, new ideas, and societal importance that sets it apart on the global stage.
Adoption of Best Practices from Global Journalism
Even though there are difficulties in adjusting global journalism methods to fit the local setting in Ireland, using top practices from worldwide journalism has led to important improvements in the industry. By bringing in creative storytelling methods, ethical guidelines, and new technologies from across the globe, journalists in Ireland have improved the quality and scope of their news reports. For example, using data journalism methods that come from top global players has allowed Irish media to give more thorough and analytical coverage of complicated issues (Nel et al., 2024). Moreover, embracing multimedia storytelling has enabled Irish reporters to connect with audiences in fresh and engaging ways, which has boosted reader interest and loyalty (N/A, 2022). In summary, combining best practices from global journalism has fostered innovation and excellence in the Irish media scene.
Challenges and Opportunities for Irish Journalism Industry
The Irish journalism industry faces many problems. These include changes in technology and a decline in public trust in the media. Social media has changed how people consume news, and this has led to a quick spread of false and misleading information (Meier K et al., 2024). Furthermore, many traditional media outlets are struggling financially, forcing journalists to create more content with less support, which reduces the quality of their work (Rusterholz C, 2024). Despite these difficulties, there are chances for new ideas and change. As people seek reliable information, journalists can change their roles to become better sources of truth and improve how they share information. Working together with tech companies and investing in programs that teach digital skills can also aid journalists in adapting to the changing media environment and connecting with larger audiences. By tackling these issues directly and taking advantage of growth opportunities, the Irish journalism industry can maintain its essential role in a democratic society. Another key point is that journalists need to build their skills in data journalism since using data in reporting can make news stories more interesting and informative.
Influence of Globalization on Irish Media Landscape
Globalization has changed the Irish media scene a lot, bringing both chances and problems. As Ireland connects more with the global economy, the media sector must change for new technologies, trends, and competition from big companies (Dinan et al., 2024). This has led to more diverse media sources, with many online platforms and social media channels now playing a bigger part in shaping public talks (N/A, 2022). Still, globalization has also raised worries about media content becoming the same and losing Irish cultural identity. Traditional Irish media outlets must deal with these changes by finding ways to stand out while also connecting with a global audience (Dinan et al., 2024). The effect of globalization on the Irish media scene is complicated and keeps changing, showing the wider trends in the linked world of media and communication.
Lessons for the Future of Journalism in Ireland
Going forward, Ireland's journalism field can learn important things from its past troubles and successes. A main thing to think about is the need for a careful approach when adopting new technologies and changing audience needs. While being flexible is vital, it is also necessary for journalists to examine how these changes affect the quality and honesty of their reporting (Trevena L et al., 2024). Looking back, one can see how journalism in Ireland dealt with different shifts, like the move to print media in the 1800s and the rise of digital media in the 21st century. Yet, it is necessary to ask if these improvements always resulted in better journalism or if they sometimes compromised important journalistic values in the name of progress (Mullan S et al., 2024). Thus, in addition to welcoming new technologies and storytelling methods, journalists must routinely determine if these changes help them deliver accurate, impartial, and meaningful reporting that genuinely benefits the public. Also, while sticking to journalistic ethics and integrity is crucial, it is vital to think about how these standards can be maintained effectively during a time filled with fake news and misleading information. Ongoing alertness and self-evaluation are essential to making sure that professional standards are upheld, and the oversight role of journalism remains strong. By taking part in this continuous process of thoughtful examination and adjustment, the journalism sector can manage the challenges of today’s media environment and keep playing its essential role in informing, educating, and empowering Irish society.
Discussion and Conclusion
The talk about the past, growth, and social effects of the journalism field in Ireland shows a complicated situation. This review shows that the journalism field in Ireland has changed a lot, driven by new technology, economic issues, and changing social values. The changes in journalism here align with global trends in how people consume and produce media, with digital platforms becoming more important (Bontcheva et al., 2023). While older styles of journalism remain, online and social media have changed how news is shared and consumed. These changes bring both good and bad social effects, impacting public conversations and political involvement in Ireland, especially as cultural stories are reshaped in modern times (N/A, 2023). Going ahead, it is crucial for journalists, media groups, and lawmakers to handle these challenges and make sure journalism in Ireland keeps playing its important role in a democratic system. In short, the history, growth, and social effects of journalism in Ireland showcase a rich mix of influences and factors. From the beginnings of Irish journalism to today’s digital scene, this field has seen major changes that affect society deeply.
The rise of new technologies and platforms has changed how news is created and consumed, offering both chances and difficulties for journalists and media groups. As Ireland deals with media diversity, sustainability, and accountability issues, it is vital for all who are involved to work together to keep the standards of good journalism and guarantee the public's access to accurate and trustworthy information. By creating a space that encourages quality journalism, Ireland can continue to build a media environment that meets the needs of its varied population and supports a robust democratic society.
Recap of Key Findings
In looking at the main results of the study about the past, changes, and social effects of journalism in Ireland, several key ideas have appeared. One main result is how technology has changed and greatly affected the industry, from moving to online platforms to the rise of social media as a chief news source (N/A, 2023). Another important result is how journalism's role has changed in shaping what the public thinks and influencing discussions in society (Division of Marketing and Communications, 2023). The study also shows the difficulties journalists face in keeping ethical standards and trustworthiness in the digital age. These results highlight the need for ongoing changes and new ideas in the journalism field to serve the changing needs of audiences and to maintain the values of responsible reporting. In the future, it will be crucial for researchers and industry experts to further investigate these results and what they mean for the future of journalism in Ireland.
Implications of the Integrative Review
Going past the basic knowledge found in current literature, the meanings of the integrative review are important for guiding future research in the journalism industry in Ireland. By combining different sources, this review gives insight into the historical development, present trends, and social effects of journalism in Ireland, offering a clear understanding of the field (Rusterholz C, 2024). With a methodical approach to studying and linking various research, the integrative review gives a detailed view that can help scholars and professionals find new topics to investigate (Meier K et al., 2024). For example, spotting major themes and gaps in current research can encourage scholars to explore lesser-known areas, resulting in a stronger and more insightful body of work. Moreover, the integrative review shows how journalism connects with larger societal patterns, stressing the importance of collaborative work across disciplines to tackle complicated challenges in the industry. Through these insights, the integrative review acts as a useful tool for shaping the future path of journalism research in Ireland.
Recommendations for Future Research
Going forward, research on journalism in Ireland should look at how new technologies affect how different groups consume news (Barnett et al., 2022). By doing studies over time, researchers can see how the media use changes and find patterns or shifts. Also, studying how social media affects public conversation and the spread of information is key to understanding journalism’s changing environment (Hristova et al., 2024). Moreover, looking into the ethical issues in digital journalism, such as fake news and clickbait, is important for knowing journalists' ethical duties today. Overall, future research should fill these knowledge gaps and help us grasp the difficulties and complexities the journalism field in Ireland faces.
Final Thoughts on the Evolution of Irish Journalism
The growth of Irish journalism shows a back-and-forth relationship between new technologies, audience changes, and social and political events. Starting from simple, biased newspapers to today's digital news sites, Irish journalism has kept changing to meet new needs (Rusterholz C, 2024). The rise of online news and social media as key platforms for news has changed traditional reporting practices, raising worries about false information and the drop in print media (Meier K et al., 2024). Even with these issues, Irish journalists remain committed to the core values of accuracy, fairness, and accountability to the public. Looking ahead, the field must handle the challenges of the digital world while staying loyal to its core values of responsible reporting and serving the public's needs. As Irish journalism keeps developing, it is important to maintain its critical role in informing and involving the public, as well as influencing discussions in our fast-changing environment.
Closing Remarks and Call to Action
The journalism field in Ireland has changed a lot over time, affecting its current state and social effects. Starting with newspapers in the 17th century and moving to digital media in the 21st century, journalism here has changed with new technologies and social shifts (R Nicholson, 2024). The industry is dealing with issues like reducing trust in the media and money problems, but there are chances for new ideas and teamwork to maintain its importance in the digital world. Looking ahead, it is important for those involved in journalism to unite and tackle these problems through ethical actions, good reporting, and connecting with audiences, which are important for building trust (Rusterholz C, 2024). By creating a culture of openness and responsibility, journalism in Ireland can keep being a check on democracy and a space for different voices. It is very important that we act to support the quality and energy of journalism in Ireland for the good of society.
Funding Statement
The study received no specific financial support.
Institutional Review Board Statement
Not applicable
Conflict of Interest declaration
The authors declare that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.
Transparency
The author confirms that the manuscript is an honest, accurate and transparent account of the study that no vital features of the study have been omitted and that any discrepancies from the study as planned have been explained. This study followed all ethical practices during writing.
References
- Barnett, S. , Doyle, G., & O'Donovan, T. Shaping public discourse: The role of journalism in Ireland. Journal of Media History 2022, 12, 45–60. [Google Scholar]
- Barnett, S. , Seaton, J., & Schlesinger, P. (2022). Journalism in the age of digital media. Cambridge University Press.
- Barnett, S. , Williams, A., & Brown, P. Journalism's enduring importance in democratic societies. Journal of Media Studies 2022, 34, 101–120. [Google Scholar]
- Barnett, Steven, Barnett, Steven, Murdoch, Tom, Murdoch, et al. (2022). Where public interest and public benefit meet: The application of charity law to journalism. https://core.ac.uk/download/543787751.
- Craig, D. (2018). The revolution will be digitized: How data changed the face of journalism. https://theconversation.com/the-revolution-will-be-digitised-how-data-changed-the-face-of-journalism-91876.
- Darmody, M. , & Daly, T. (2015). Attitudes towards the Irish language on the island of Ireland.
- Dinan, W. , Esteves, V., & Harkins, S. (2024). Climate obstruction in Scotland: The politics of oil and gas. https://core.ac.uk/download/613043048.pdf.
- Division of Marketing and Communications. (2023). 2023, UMaine news press releases. https://core.ac.uk/download/604795838.pdf.
- Doyle, J. , & Casey, R. (2024). The impact of censorship on Irish journalism. Galway Publishing.
- Edwards, A. (2024). Colonial views and national identity in Irish journalism. Cork University Press.
- Edwards, E. Review of photography, history, difference. History of Photography 2016, 40, 98–99. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Esser, F. , Maurer, P., & Meier, K. Historical perspectives on journalism: The Irish experience. Media Studies Journal 2024, 19, 22–34. [Google Scholar]
- Franklin, B. , & Mensing, D. (2010). Journalism education, training and employment. Routledge.
- Gifford, C. , Karalis, T., Kenig, N., Lalor, et al. (2024). Populism and its impact on young people. https://core.ac.uk/download/613601760.pdf.
- Gifford, T. , Johnson, L., & Roberts, M. (2024). Political restrictions and media content in Ireland. Belfast Books.
- Hachey, T. E. (1996). The Irish experience: A concise history. M.E. Sharpe.
- Hristova, E. (2024). Research project showcase 2024. https://core.ac.uk/download/613707654.pdf.
- Karadimitriou, A. , Meier, K., & Mahon, P. The challenges faced by traditional media outlets. Journal of Media Studies 2024, 15, 134–156. [Google Scholar]
- Lang, C. , Mahon, P., & Gifford, D. Social media’s role in shaping public views. Media and Society 2022, 20, 98–117. [Google Scholar]
- Liu, J. , & Hancock, J. T. Social media and the news: The effects of citizen journalism and the news cycle on news content. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 2021, 26, 124–141. [Google Scholar]
- Maurer, L. , Smith, K., & Thompson, E. (2022). British rule and Irish journalism. Shannon Publishing.
- Meier, K. , O'Donovan, J., & Doyle, M. (2024). The historical context of Irish journalism. Cork Publishing.
- Meier, K. , Rusterholz, C., & Karadimitriou, A. Digital transformation in journalism. Irish Media Journal 2024, 12, 45–67. [Google Scholar]
- Meier, K. , Schmidt, D., & Karadimitriou, A. Global events and local reporting: The transformation of Irish media. International Journal of Communication 2024, 25, 75–90. [Google Scholar]
- Meier, K. , Smith, J., & Williams, R. The evolution of Irish national newspapers. Irish Communication Review 2024, 29, 233–250. [Google Scholar]
- Miller, D. , Costa, E., Haynes, N., McDonald, T., Nicolescu, R., Sinanan, J., Spyer, J., et al. (2016). How the world changed social media. UCL Press.
- Morash, C. (2012). A history of the media in Ireland. Cambridge University Press.
- Nel, F. , & Rymajdo, K. (2024). News futures 2035 final report. https://core.ac.uk/download/613832227.pdf.
- Nicholson, R. (2024). The festival of India. [CrossRef]
- O'Brien, M. (2017). The fourth estate: Journalism in twentieth century Ireland. Manchester University Press.
- O'Donovan, J. , & Doyle, M. Media ownership in Ireland: Concentration and impacts on democracy. Irish Journal of Political Studies 2023, 38, 78–95. [Google Scholar]
- O'Neill, C. , Moran, S., & Gallagher, D. (2022). Reviving the Irish language through journalism. Galway Books.
- O'Sullivan, S. (2007). Contemporary Ireland: A sociological map. University College Dublin Press.
- Rusterholz, C. (2024). The historical landscape of Irish journalism. Dublin University Press.
- Rusterholz, C. Technological advancements and their impact on journalism. Innovations in Media 2024, 20, 301–320. [Google Scholar]
- Smith, A. , & Murphy, L. Social media and news consumption in Ireland. Journal of Digital Media 2023, 17, 220–236. [Google Scholar]
- Smith, J. , & Murphy, D. Journalism and political movements in Ireland. Political Studies Journal 2023, 28, 115–132. [Google Scholar]
- Smith, J. , & Murphy, L. The influence of social media on news consumption in Ireland. Contemporary Media Research 2023, 18, 89–110. [Google Scholar]
- Smith, J. , & Williams, L. Irish language publications and cultural nationalism. Journal of Irish Studies 2022, 14, 50–64. [Google Scholar]
- Toronto, C. E. , & Remington, R. (2020). A step-by-step guide to conducting an integrative review. Springer Nature.
- Trevena, L. , Paay, J., & McDonald, R. VR interventions aimed to induce empathy: A scoping review. Virtual Reality 2024, 28. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- University of Montana--Missoula. Office of the Registrar. (2022). 2022-2023 course catalog. https://core.ac.uk/download/560856991.pdf.
- University of Montana--Missoula. Office of the Registrar. (2023). 2023-2024 course catalog. https://core.ac.uk/download/621684373.pdf.
- University of Montana--Missoula. Office of the Registrar. (2023). Conducting integrative reviews: A guide. Montana University Press.
- University of Montana--Missoula. Office of the Registrar. (2024). Integrative review methodology. Montana University Press.
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Copyright: This open access article is published under a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 license, which permit the free download, distribution, and reuse, provided that the author and preprint are cited in any reuse.
