Submitted:
19 February 2025
Posted:
20 February 2025
Read the latest preprint version here
Abstract

Keywords:
1. Introduction
2. Modified Maxwell Equations and Effective Potential
2.1. Effective Potential and Field Definitions
2.2. Modifications to Maxwell’s Equations
1. Modified Gauss’s Law
2. Faraday’s Law
3. Gauss’s Law for Magnetism
4. Ampere’s Law with Maxwell’s Correction
2.3. Fourth-Order Field Equation
3. Boundary Conditions and Stability Analysis
3.1. Lorenz System and Boundary Conditions
3.2. Stability Conditions for Quasi-Stable Solutions
4. Derivation of the Fourth-Order Equation from the Klein-Gordon Equation
4.1. Klein-Gordon Equation for a Massless Field
- is the d’Alembert operator,
- is the mass of the particle, m
- c is the speed of light,
- ℏ is the reduced Planck’s constant.
4.2. Modifying the Klein-Gordon Equation for Environmental Effects
4.3. Introducing Higher-Order Spatial Derivatives
- The term introduces a correction proportional to the environmental properties and
- The factor is derived from the kinetic energy term in the Hamiltonian, incorporating quantum effects into the spatial dynamics.
4.4. Derivation of the Final Form
4.5. Physical Interpretation

4.6. Implications of Boundary Conditions

5. Comparison with QED
- : Electromagnetic field strength tensor, describing the field’s dynamics.
- : Electromagnetic four-potential.
- : Dirac spinor for charged particles.
- : Mass of the charged particle.
- : Covariant derivative coupling the particle to the electromagnetic field.
- : Gamma matrices used in relativistic quantum mechanics.

6. Conclusion and Applications
References
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