2. Equations
These laws want to explain the results of the final derivation process of this research and what this research wants to prove.
whererepresents the Einstein tensor for phase velocity,is the energy-momentum tensor phase velocity,represents the Einstein tensor for group velocity,represents the Einstein tensor for David's velocity of the stationary phase,is the energy-momentum tensorgroup velocity, is the energy-momentum tensor David's velocity of the stationary phase
Where e represents the electron charge,is the Phase Velocity,is the Group Velocity,David's Quantum Acceleration,is the Coulomb constant.
,is the David's quantum refractive index,is the David's velocity of the stationary phase,is the Phase Velocity
What does the equation tell us?
1) The refractive index determines the medium in which the equation operates.
2) Planck's refractive index is n = 1. This is known as the quantum vacuum medium (the quantum David medium), meaning a real medium. Everything within the Planck medium is governed by Planck's laws in a medium of n = 1.
3) Wherever relativity operates in this medium, its maximum value is the Planck value.
4) The universal gravitational constant and the speed of light will remain constants because they are within a Planck medium (n = 1). This means that anything within a Planck medium obeys Planck's constants.
5) Gravity will be a universal constant as long as it is within this medium. Therefore, when gravity is applied to Planck's constants, it produces an antigravity, just as antienergy or quantum vacuum energy does, because of the refractive index (n); this leads to a rebound.
6) Dark mass is formed as a result of this medium due to the presence of virtual particles.
7) These virtual particles are produced by dark energy, and a portion of dark energy can produce dark mass, and dark mass can produce dark energy.
The new equation will be known as general quantum relativity, and it defines the medium in which it will operate. Each medium is defined by its refractive index, and all the equation does is follow the properties of that medium.
The classical general equation of relativism does not specify the medium in which it will operate; therefore, singularity arises because it takes infinite values. However, if it operates within a quantum vacuum, it obeys the laws of that medium; that is, that medium governs it. For example, if this medium has a refractive index of 1, it is governed by Planck's constants and cannot exceed them because the medium itself determines them.
A singularity will not occur because the curvature is Planck's curvature, and the hole will not completely evaporate because the temperature is Planck's temperature. Therefore, the hole is a stable object (a Planck point) that stores information, and this solves the Hawking radiation problem.
The reversal occurs at the Planck point, resulting in multiple universes. This is because the reversal occurs in two directions: a normal direction and an opposing direction, creating a universe in dark energy. The other side represents the opposing dark energy.
This explains how a rebound occurs in a medium where antigravity is formed or because the ultimate values of Planck's constants do not exceed the recoil event; for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction because of the refractive index (n). This causes gravity at the Planck scale to cease and act as antigravity, or quantum vacuum energy, due to the refractive index creating dark energy. The problem of the cosmological constant is solved by the fact that it has become dark energy due to recoil. In this way, time does not reach zero, but it allows the universe to expand again because the shortest time is the Planck time, and this time occurs within the Planck point.
Holography means that spacetime does not exceed the Planck length, Planck curvature, and Planck volume. This prevents the formation of information exceeding the Planck limit; that is, the number of bits within the volume and on its surface corresponds to the Planck length and volume.
Virtual particles may be part of David's quantum medium, or they may be virtual particles with Planck mass, Planck density, and Planck volume—that is, they reach Planck constants. This may explain the addition of a hidden mass known as dark mass.
Dirac quantitative equation
This explains why Planck's orbit appears in the equation.
Properties of a David Quantum Medium (n = 1)
1) Within this medium, Planck's constants are applied and are not exceeded
2) Virtual particles are part of this medium.
3) Infinite absolute values cannot be assumed within this medium because the maximum values attainable are Planck's constants.
4) Virtual particles act as a hidden space because the refractive index of the medium is 1. They behave like a glass test cup inside another glass test cup, with oil in between. Therefore, they are neglected and not considered part of the medium; they are called a vacuum. This means that n=1 represents the disappearance of molecules from the medium and does not represent a vacuum.
5) Another important characteristic of the medium is that it is a real medium.
6) This medium is the fundamental component of all other mediums; in other words, this medium determines the stability of the force of four or five (if it exists in nature).
4. Derivation of Equations
Completing the derivation of the laws resulting from quantum relativity ( quantum world )
This is derivation number 1
is the Phase Velocity
is the Group Velocity
This is derivation number 2
is the gravitational coefficient for Phase Velocity
This is derivation number 3
is the gravitational coefficient for Group Velocity
This is derivation number 4
is the gravitational coefficient for David's velocity of the stationary phase
This is derivation number 5
This is derivation number 6
is the special quantum relativity for phase velocity , is the quantum kinetic energy for phase velocity
is the special quantum relativity for group velocity, is the quantum kinetic energy for group velocity
is the special quantum relativity for David's velocity of the stationary phase, is the quantum kinetic energy for David's velocity of the stationary phase
This is derivation number 7
is the Phase Velocity,is thefor phase velocity and group velocity
This is derivation number 8
is the special quantum relativity phase velocity, is the quantum kinetic energy phase velocity
is the special quantum relativitygroup velocity,is the quantum kinetic energygroup velocity
is the special quantum relativityDavid's velocity of the stationary phase, is the quantum kinetic energyDavid's velocity of the stationary phase
is the special quantum relativity for phase velocity
is the special quantum relativity for group velocity
is the special quantum relativity of effective phase velocity
is the special quantum relativity of effective group velocity
is the special quantum relativity of effective phase velocity
is the special quantum relativity of effective group velocity
My equations allow us to solve these problems:
The singularity problem: Since n = 1 represents the David quantum medium in which Planck's laws operate, such as Planck density and Planck curvature, the material is not allowed to be compressed beyond the Planck volume, and we conclude that singularities do not occur.
Solving the Big Bang problem: The equation assumes that if n = 1, meaning the refractive index of the medium obeys Planck's laws, then vp = vg = c. In this case, the universe would have Planck density, Planck volume, and Planck curvature. There would be no singularity at the moment of the Big Bang due to a disturbance in the refractive index, causing n ≠ 1. This led to the separation of vg from vp,
i.e., vp ≠ vg. As a result of this separation, matter that follows vg emerged, and the radiation that follows vp appeared.
Solves
the mystery of dark matter: Since the law depends on an , any slight change in the refractive index alters the gravitational force. We don't need additional mass; rather, this force is a result of the effect of the refractive index of vp and vg, which alters the speed and thus leads to an effect on gravity.
Solving the Dark Energy Problem: Since the phase velocity vp is decoupled from the group velocity vg. Since the phase velocity can exceed the speed of light depending on the medium (vp ≠ vg), the expansion of the universe is the propagation of phase waves in a Planck medium. Therefore, dark energy is the refractive index pressure resulting from the medium's attempt to return to n = 1.
Solving the information paradox: Since n=1 prevents singularity, information does not disappear but is stored in vibrations within the Planck medium inside the Planck point (David's center), where singularity does not occur. It can escape through a disturbance in the refractive index, forming Hawking radiation.
Agreement with quantum mechanics, where spacetime is treated as a wave because it is affected by the refractive index of vp and vg in the field equation.
is the energy-momentum tensor
phase velocity and group velocity
is the energy-momentum tensor
phase velocity and group velocity
α is the fine-structure constantZis the number of protons, n is the energy level, C is the speed of light, Velocity of an Electron in a Bohr Orbit
is the special quantum relativity of effective phase velocity and group velocity,is the quantum kinetic energy of effective phase velocity and group velocity
is the special quantum relativity for
phase velocity and group velocity,
is the quantum kinetic energy for
phase velocity and group velocity
α is the fine-structure constant, is the Effective Nuclear Charge, n is the energy level, C is the speed of light, Effective Group Velocity of the Electron, Effective phase Velocity of the Electron
α is the fine-structure constant, Zeff is the Effective Nuclear Charge, n is the energy level, C is the speed of light, Effective Group Velocity of the Electron, Effective phase Velocity of the Electron
is the gravitational coefficient for Phase Velocity,is the Phase Velocity, G is the universal gravitational constant,is the gravitational coefficient for Group Velocity, is the gravitational coefficient for David's velocity of the stationary phase.
Variable Energy Density
1.Temporal Curvature (Zero Curvature Condition)
At the Planck scale, the temporal component of the Einstein tensor vanishes due to the exact cancellation between energy density and the cosmological constant.
Formula: Physical Significance: This represents a state of “temporal flatness,” preventing the formation of a singularity.
2. Spatial Curvature (Expansionary Curvature)
Unlike the temporal component, the spatial components involve the addition of vacuum energy and material pressure, driving an explosive outward metric expansion.
Formula: Physical Significance: This provides the geometric “push” required for the Big Bang, where the curvature is purely directed into expanding the volume of space.
3. Expansion Dynamics (Hubble Parameter)
Formula:
Physical Significance: The universe doubles its size every seconds, marking the highest possible frequency of cosmic expansion.
4. Scale Factor (a(t))
The evolution of the cosmic size over time follows an exponential growth curve due to the constant energy density at the instant of Planck equilibrium.
Formula:
5. Variable Energy Density
As the scale factor a(t) increases, the energy density dilutes according to the Stefan-Boltzmann.
Formula
Physical Significance: This dilution is what eventually breaks the equilibrium, allowing gravity to reappear and matter to condense into stars and galaxies.
6. Refractive Index Evolution (n)
“Optical Rigidity” of spacetime is linked to the energy density.
Formula:
n > 1
Since the product of the two velocities is c², relativity will shift to a Planck medium because the result is c
2. This occurs because there are two mediums: one interacts with the phase velocity and not the group velocity due to the separation of the group velocity from the phase velocity. While the other interacts with the group velocity and not the phase velocity due to the separation of the phase velocity from the group velocity.
So that the result of the two means equals 1 when we divide them together, in the case of the equation that includes them.
In some media, such as Epsilon-Near-Zero (ENZ), this phenomenon occurs. It happens at a plasma frequency that affects the phase velocity, making it faster than light, thus causing the resultant to be greater than c2.
These are some equations after removing the speed of light and putting in the phase speed. The phase velocity was included because it became clear from the derivation, I made that from Einstein's perspecve on the speed of light he was focusing on the speed of light in a vacuum and did not consider other media such as water which affect the speed of light as Christian Huygens explained it and therefore this had to be into account in the calculations.
2. (Schwarzschild Metric)
3. (Kerr Metric)
4. (Kerr-Newman Metric)
5. (Schwarzschild Radius)
6. (Gravitational Time Dilation)
7. (Gravitational Redshift)
8. (Einstein Ring or Gravitational Lensing Angle)
9. (Friedmann Equation)
is the additional precession per orbit.
10.
(Perihelion Precession of Mercury)
is the energy-momentum tensor of effective group velocity
The electron generates a constant field while rotating around the nucleus, but when it gains energy, it generates a changing field. This explains why it has a torque resulting from the energy during the experiment. Therefore, if the electron is observed in its normal state without being excited, the electron will behave as a particle, and if it is excited, it will behave as a wave.
The Mössbauer effect proved that general relativity is true. Relativity explains that the fastest speed is the speed of light. However, if the Mössbauer effect differs depending on the medium it is in, due to the refractive index, then relativity will differ.
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can trap molecules like water inside them. What if they were modified to trap electrons to provide electricity, neutrinos, nuclei, neutrons, or antimatter? This would ensure they exist to work on.
General quantitative relativity for David's velocity of the stationary phase
This equation represents a new perspective in terms of adopting the refractive index n = 1, which represents the maximum value for numerical values, namely Planck values, thus preventing access to infinite values.
gμv(vp), gμv(vg) depends on the phase speed and the group speed
Vacuum permittivity,Vacuum permeability
6. Results Obtained
This scientific research aims to prove a theory by comparing the practical results of this theory with the original results and making the comparison in a table. We will discuss that here .
My theory is based on introducing the curvature of spacetime into the equation, but quantum mechanics shows that it is not affected by gravity. How to interact with the curvature of spacetime has not yet been proven. As a result, my equations show a way to conduct an experiment that enables direct interaction with the curvature of spacetime. Therefore, this experiment practically proves that quantum mechanics made a mistake in its concept when it showed gravity does not interact with it. How to conduct an experimental experiment to prove the validity of my equations
Steps to conduct the experiment
1) The place where the experiment will take place must be chosen, and it must be at a high altitude, such as Mount Everest because the higher the altitude, the less gravity.
2) The experiment is about creating a quantum leap for the electron so that we can know the emission lines that represent the fingerprint of the element and compare them at different heights. Let us take the example of the hydrogen atom. After knowing the choice of the element, the device that will measure the spectral lines of the element must be taken to Mount Everest, where the experiment will be conducted.
3) We will excite the element keeping all elements constant as energy and the comparison will be between wavelength and curvature of spacetime. The first measurement is at the bottom of the mountain, that is, before climbing the mountain first. Then we measure in the middle of the mountain, then we test at the top of the mountain and compare the atomic spectra. If my theoretical results are correct, there will be skewing of the spectral lines at different heights due to distortion of the fabric of space-time.
4) If we measure atomic spectra, we also measure the Zeeman, Stark, and magneto-stark effects separately.
The reason they were not previously able to measure the curvature of space-time is because my equations show that the effect of energy and wavelength when measured as two variables will cancel each other out, so space-time will not be affected.
Gravitational Effect on Atomic Energy Levels
Objective: Measure the effect of gravity on atomic energy levels
Equipment:
• A gas sample (e.g., hydrogen or cesium) in a vacuum chamber.
• A laser to excite electrons at specific energy levels.
• A high-precision spectrometer.
• A variable gravitational field (e.g., using aircraft simulating microgravity).
Procedure:
.1 Measure the atomic spectrum in a normal gravitational environment.
.2 Measure the spectrum in a reduced-gravity environment (e.g., during parabolic flights).
.3 Compare the energy levels and emission lines.
Expected Outcome:
• If the spectrum shifts at different gravitational strengths, it indicates that gravity affects atomic energy levels
My equations clearly show that if proven in practical experiments, it indicates that the gravitational constant G is not a cosmic constant in quantum mechanics, but is affected by the wavelength and the energy difference, that is, it is variable. In other words, gravity is not an absolute quantity, but rather the quantum state is influenced by me. For this reason, quantum mechanics is not related to general relativity.
My equations explain the effect (magnetic attraction) and Bayfield-Brown effect My equations confirm the effect of electromagnetism on gravity.
Well, with these experiments, the Pound-Rebecca experiments, also known as gravitational redshift, will prove what the equation tells you.
Example of a hydrogen atom.
We remove the energy level
The unit of measurement for photon energy is electron volt (eV), the wavelength is (nm)
The unit of measurement forphoton energy is electron volt (eV)
Space-time represents in the equation the force of attraction of the nucleus for the electron. Where we take the hydrogen atom compared to the sodium atom. We find after comparison that the undulations that occur in the sodium atom are higher than those that occur in the hydrogen atom. That is, during the occurrence of the quantum jump of the electron, the higher energy level than the level occupied by the electron undulates. So the number of ripples (ripple amplitude) is higher than that of the hydrogen atom during the occurrence of the quantum jump, and this is consistent with the de Broglie equation. n × λ is represented by a ratio to space-time. It is the number of ripples that occur in the energy level higher than the level occupied by the electron until interference occurs between the two levels, the higher energy level and the level occupied by the electron. In other words, as the number of orbitals occupied by the electron increases, the number of ripples that occur at the higher energy levels increases, causing the curvature (contraction) of the fabric of space-time. The interference between the two levels occurs in a wave form so that the quantum jump of the electron occurs. The photon's energy is represented by a ratio to the fabric of space-time, the force that causes the fabric of space-time to bend (contract). The more energy increases, the more space-time contracts through the occurrence of quantum disturbances at the highest energy level, which makes the highest energy level generate waves similar to the orbital number occupied by the electron. Because of these disturbances that occur at the highest energy level, the two levels interfere with each other, the highest energy level, and the level occupied by the electron. A quantum leap occurs, and this is consistent with the quantum Zeno effect, where the electron will remain fixed in its position. This is what my equation indicates, as I explain that these quantum fluctuations occur through a contraction in the fabric of space-time. This contraction occurs as a result of this tissue absorbing energy. Because of this, contraction affects the energy levels in the atom. This contraction works to contract the energy level higher than the level occupied by the electron. Wave interference occurs between the highest energy level and the level occupied by the electron, and a quantum jump occurs from the observer’s perspective. But from the electron's perspective, it remains fixed in its position.
The Casimir effect is according to a law that states that after all the objects acting on the plates disappear until imaginary particles are detected. My equation proves that there is one thing that was not included in the calculations, which is the effect of space-time. Since the plates have a static mass that works to curve space-time, and the presence of imaginary particles works when they collide with each other, they disappear. But according to the law of conservation of energy, the energy will not disappear and will affect the fabric of space-time, making it turbulent like a water wave, and these disturbances that occur on it form waves. This wave works to impact the panels from moving in and out, and because the external disturbances are higher than the internal ones, they cause the panels to move towards each other.
This relationship shows that although we cannot measure what happens when an electronic quantum jump occurs. This law also shows that there is a relationship between the energy of the photon and the fabric of space-time, even if it is not measured by measuring devices. Because measuring devices are considered primitive devices when making the process of measuring the quantitative world. What is being measured are the spectra of the elements being measured, not what happens to the electron when the quantum jump of the electron to the higher level. Second, Maxwell told Rutherford that the electron changes direction as it orbits the nucleus, so it must lose energy to cause a collision with the nucleus, which it does not. My equation tells me the electron moves in a large circle around the nucleus. A body moving in a large circle whose direction of motion is in a straight line. Thus, the electron moves in a straight line. Newton's law states that an object at rest remains at rest unless acted upon by an external or internal force. Likewise, an object in motion stays in motion unless an external or internal force affects its movement, the electron does not lose energy.
The results of the experimental value were obtained by using the results of previous research on the hydrogen atom. I prove in
Table 7 that the results of the equations are identical to their original results in
Table 5, which indicates the validity of this law
These are the results of a relationship between energy and wavelength. The observed results show that whenever the energy increases, the wavelength decreases, as shown by this equation in the hydrogen atom.