Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Evaluation of the Potential of Urinary Volatilomic Patterns of COVID-19 Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2 for Disease Diagnosis. An Exploratory Study

Giulia Riccio
ORCID logo ,
Joana Neto
,
Cristina V. Berenguer
ORCID logo ,
Cristina P. Ornelas
,
Viviana Greco
ORCID logo ,
Jorge Pereira
ORCID logo ,
Rosa Perestrelo
,
José S. Câmara
* ORCID logo
Version 1 : Received: 3 April 2024 / Approved: 4 April 2024 / Online: 4 April 2024 (08:10:30 CEST)

How to cite: Riccio, G.; Neto, J.; Berenguer, C.V.; Ornelas, C.P.; Greco, V.; Pereira, J.; Perestrelo, R.; Câmara, J.S. Evaluation of the Potential of Urinary Volatilomic Patterns of COVID-19 Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2 for Disease Diagnosis. An Exploratory Study. Preprints 2024, 2024040355. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202404.0355.v1 Riccio, G.; Neto, J.; Berenguer, C.V.; Ornelas, C.P.; Greco, V.; Pereira, J.; Perestrelo, R.; Câmara, J.S. Evaluation of the Potential of Urinary Volatilomic Patterns of COVID-19 Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2 for Disease Diagnosis. An Exploratory Study. Preprints 2024, 2024040355. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202404.0355.v1

Abstract

To assess if SARS-CoV-2 infection induces changes in the urinary volatilomic fingerprint able to be used in the non-invasive COVID-19 diagnosis and management, urine samples of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients (62), recovered COVID-19 patients (30), and non-infected individuals (41) were analysed using solid-phase microextraction technique in headspace mode, combined with gas chromatography hyphenated with mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS). In total, 101 volatile organic metabolites (VOMs) from 13 chemical families were identified, being terpenes, phenolic compounds, norisoprenoids, and ketones the most represented groups. Overall, a decrease in the levels of terpenes and phenolic compounds was observed in the control group, whereas norisoprenoids and ketones showed a significant increase. In turn, a remarkable increase was noticed in norisoprenoids and ketones and a milder increase in alcohols, furanic, and sulfur compounds in the recovery group than in the COVID-19 group. Multivariate statistical analysis identified sets of VOMs with the potential to constitute volatile signatures for COVID-19 development and progression. These signatures are composed of D-carvone, 3-methoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)aniline (MTA), 1,1,6-trimethyl-dihydronaphthalene (TDN), 2-heptanone, and 2,5,5,8a-tetramethyl-1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8-octahydro-1-naphthalenyl ester acetate (TONEA) for COVID-19 infection and nonanoic acid, α-terpinene, β-damascenone, α-isophorone, and trans-furan linalool for patients recovering from the disease. This study provides evidence that changes in the urinary volatilomic profile triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection constitute a promising and valuable screening and/or diagnostic and management tool for COVID-19 in clinical environment.

Keywords

VOMs; urine; COVID-19; volatilomics; HS-SPME/GC-MS

Subject

Chemistry and Materials Science, Medicinal Chemistry

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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