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Mapping of Public Approach towards COVID-19 Vaccine for Preparedness and Resilience of Emerging Threats to Facilitate Cross-Country Systematic Roll-Out of Resources

Submitted:

21 February 2024

Posted:

25 February 2024

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Preprints on COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2
Abstract
Background: Vaccine hesitancy was one of the problems India faced after the COVID-19 vaccine roll-out. Earlier studies carried out to understand the perception of people towards the vaccine were mainly based on online or offline community-based surveys. These studies do not help to understand the actions taken by people towards vaccination. Hence, this study has been designed to understand the exact behaviour of people toward the vaccine. Methods: The study population is divided into three age groups, 18+ years, 12-14 years, and 15-18 years. The data analysis has been done using cumulative coverage of vaccines in the said age groups. Results: The study shows a substantial population has missed second and booster doses of vaccine at the state, regional, and national levels in all three three-age groups. Even for the states that have shown the smallest number of people who missed their dose, their number is in the thousands. Conclusion: Further research is needed to know, in total population, how many people have not even taken a single dose of vaccine. Policy-level efforts are needed to cover the entire population of the country for at least a single dose and vulnerable population, not only for the primary series (1st and 2nd dose) but also for the booster dose of the COVID-19 vaccine.
Keywords: 
COVID-19
;  
India
;  
pandemic
;  
viruses
;  
vaccines
Subject: 
Public Health and Healthcare  -   Public Health and Health Services

Introduction

COVID 19-vaccines are effective at protecting people from getting seriously ill, being hospitalized, and dying (1, 2, 3). India began its vaccination program on 16 January 2021 with the AstraZeneca vaccine (Covishield) and the indigenous Covaxin. Later on, other vaccines like Sputnik V and Corbevax were also approved for emergency use (4).
COVID-19 incidence rate was ninefold higher in the unvaccinated than those who received two doses (76 per 1000 person-months). One-dose recipients had shown 25 cases per 1000 person-months whereas two-dose recipients showed 9 per 1000 person-months (5). This shows taking a second dose of the COVID-19 vaccine is important to bring down the incidence rate of the disease.
Vaccine effectiveness may wane over time since the receipt of the second dose of the vaccines (6, 7, 8, 9, 10). Waning is greater in older adults and in those in a clinical risk group (11, 12). The real-world evidence suggests substantially increased protection from the booster vaccine dose against mild and severe disease irrespective of the primary course-1st and 2nd Covid vaccine doses (13,14). This shows that people need to take not only a second dose of their vaccine course but also a booster dose.
Vaccine rollout in India faced many practical problems like political polarization (15), vaccine shortage (16), misinformation and rumours (17), and challenges with registration and appointments (18, 19).
Vaccination coverage is a widely used indicator of vaccination programme strengths and weaknesses and of access to health care (20). Hesitancy towards the newly developed COVID-19 vaccines was a global phenomenon (21, 22, 23, 24, 25). Approximately eighteen systematic studies were carried out to understand the perception of Indian people toward the COVID-19 vaccine.
Most of these studies were pan-India studies carried out by online surveys (26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32). Few studies were carried out at the community level for specific states (33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39). There were a couple of studies focused on healthcare workers to understand their perception of the COVID-19 vaccine (40, 41).
Online surveys have their own set of limitations, inability to connect with people from remote areas (42, 43), high chances of survey fraud (44, 45), sampling issues (46, 47), response bias (48, 49), survey fatigue (50), increase in errors (51), a large number of unanswered questions (52), and difficult to interpret the sentiments behind answers (53).
All the earlier studies carried out to understand the perception of people towards the COVID-19 vaccine are questionnaire-based online surveys which do not help to understand the exact action taken by people towards immunization. It is not clear whether the person who took the first dose of the vaccine has taken the second and booster dose or not. In this study, the number of doses of the COVID-19 vaccine administered in the population will help us to understand the exact behaviour of the people towards the vaccine.
All the earlier studies carried out on the Indian population to understand their perception towards the COVID-19 vaccine have shown varying degrees of hesitancy towards the vaccine. Even if the majority of Indians would accept the vaccine, given the large population of India, a small proportion of hesitant individuals would translate to millions of unvaccinated individuals. It remains unclear exactly how many individuals have taken their primary course and booster of vaccines in India.
Earlier studies in the Indian population were focused on the acceptance or hesitancy of the people towards vaccines. Here systematic study has been carried out to understand the attitude of people towards the first dose, second dose, and booster dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. In this study, the number of doses administered in the population is used to understand the behaviour of the people towards COVID-19 vaccine which will give us a better idea than questionnaire-based surveys. Earlier studies were mostly regional or state-specific. In this paper, a nationwide study is carried out for every state and union territory. The study population here is not random but it is divided into subgroups like 18+ years, 15-18 years, and 12-14 years for primary courses whereas they are broadly divided into 18-59 years and 60+, HCW, and FLW for a booster dose.
The data derived from this study will help in planning strategic measures and policy decisions to enhance the rate of COVID-19 vaccination in India. The results of this study will be of great help in the future emergency of COVID-19. The national level and state level analysis done here can be used to develop targeted behaviour change communication campaigns.

Materials and Methods

The cumulative Coverage Report of COVID-19 vaccination is taken from the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW), Government of India. The data for the study was collected on 23rd December 2022 (At IST 7 am). https://www.mohfw.gov.in/pdf/CummulativeCovidVaccinationReport23Dec2022.pdf.
From 24th December 2022, the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare has implemented fresh guidelines for international arrivals in the context of COVID-19 in light of the increasing trajectory of COVID-19 cases being noted in some countries across the world, mainly neighbouring China.
For ease of analysis, the country is divided into seven main regions- 1)The northern region- six states- Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Uttarakhand, Haryana, Delhi, and Uttar Pradesh; 2) the Southern region contains five states- Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and Telangana; 3)Eastern region is consisting of the states of Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha and West Bengal; 4)Western region states are Rajasthan, Maharashtra Gujarat and Goa; 5) Central region consists of two states- Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh; 6)North-East region includes-eight States viz. Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, and Tripura; 7)Union territories-Andaman and Nicobar islands, Chandigarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, Lakshadweep, Puducherry, Ladakh and Jammu & Kashmir.
The population under the study is divided based on doses of vaccine administered. The population in which the first and second dose of vaccine is administered is divided into the sub-groups)18+ yrs, 2)15-18 yrs, 3)12-14 years. For the third or precautionary or booster dose, the population is divided into two sub-categories -1) 18-59 years and 2) Vulnerable population- 60+ years, Health Care Workers (HCW) and Front-Line Workers (FLW). The data for miscellaneous doses has been added in a separate table to avoid confusion during analysis.
The difference between the first dose and second dose of the COVID-19 vaccine administered in the population is calculated by simple mathematical operations. Total booster doses given to the 18-59 years population and vulnerable population are calculated by adding their values. The values obtained after calculations are rounded off to the nearest place value.

Results

When the COVID-19 vaccine coverage data was analyzed at the country level, it showed that ~920 million doses had been administered in 18+ years age group as the first dose (Table 1). But out of this 920 million, only 870 million have taken the second dose (Figure 1). That means 60 million people have missed their second dose of the vaccine. The difference in first and second doses administered in the 15-18 years and 12-14 years age group categories has shown a difference of around 8.5 million and 8.8 million respectively.
The results for total booster doses administered in the population showed only 220 million as compared to ~920 million for the first dose of vaccine. Only 70 million booster doses were administered in vulnerable populations all over the country (Figure 2).
When the vaccine coverage for the northern region of India is analyzed, the data entry error for 18+ population has been observed for Jammu and Kashmir. For these states, the number of second doses is more than the first one. Hence that reading was ignored. Out of 6 states of North India, Uttar Pradesh has administered the highest number (390 million) of total vaccines. Whereas the state of Himachal Pradesh has administered the lowest number of doses (15 million). In all the states of northern India, a considerable population in every age group has missed the second dose of vaccine. The highest number is seen in people of Uttar Pradesh (6.3 million) missed the second dose in the age group 18+, 0.9 million and 0.83 million missed their second dose in 15-18 years and 12-14 years respectively. These numbers are quite high if compared to the rest of the states of the northern region of India. The next state to Uttar Pradesh which missed the second dose in 18+ population is Haryana (3.2 million) followed by Punjab (2.8 million) and then Delhi (2.25 million). Uttarakhand (20 million) and Himachal Pradesh (15 million) have comparatively lower numbers for total doses administered as well as lower population (0.2 million per state) who missed the second dose of vaccine (Table 2).
When the data was analyzed for total booster doses administered in the population, Uttar Pradesh showed the highest number (45 million) in the northern region of India. But these doses are just one-third of the first dose. A more or less similar trend is noticed for the other states of the Northern region for booster doses. The highest number of booster doses in the vulnerable population (9.2 million) is seen in Uttar Pradesh only. This number is almost eight to nine times higher as compared to other states of north India.
In the southern region of India, a total of 491 million COVID-19 vaccine doses were administered (Table 3). For the states of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka, the number of second doses administered in the age group 18+ population is more, hence considering it as a data error by MoHFW, these readings were ignored. In Kerala, a total 57 million doses were administered but 3.2 million in 18+ population, 0.36 million in 15-18 years and 0. 29 million in the 12-14 years population have missed the second dose of vaccine. A total of 3.06 million booster doses were administered in Kerala which is far less compared to the first dose of vaccine.
In Tamil Nādu, 127 million total vaccine doses were administered. 3.2 million people missed the second dose in the 18+ population. Whereas 0.4 million and 0.45 million people in the age group 15-18 years and 12-14 years have missed their second dose respectively. 9 million people in the 18+ population and vulnerable population have taken booster doses in Tamil Nādu.
In Telangana, a total of 77 million vaccine doses were administered. 29 million people in the 18+ population took the first dose but out of those who took the first dose, 0.55 million people missed their second dose. In the age group 15-18 years, 0.1 million people missed their second dose whereas 0.2 million missed the second dose in the 12-14 years of age group. In Telangana, the total booster doses administered were 13 million.
A total of 436 million COVID-19 vaccine doses were administered in the eastern region of India (Table 4). In Bihar and West Bengal, 155 million doses in each state were administered followed by Odisha (81 million) and Jharkhand (43 million). In Bihar and West Bengal, approximately 15 million booster doses in each state were administered followed by Odisha (13 million) and Jharkhand (1.95 million). In Bihar, 3.8 million, 0.89 million, and 0.88 million missed their second dose in the age group 18+, 15-18 years, and 12-14 years respectively.
In Jharkhand, 5.26 million, 0.49 million, and 0.44 million have missed the second dose in the age group 18+, 15-18 years, and 12-14 years respectively. In Odisha, the number who missed the second dose (1.5 million) is less as compared to the other three states of the region. In West Bengal, in contrast, 5.7 million people in the age group 18+ have missed their second dose. 0.56 million people in the age group 15-18 years and 12-14 years have missed their second dose of vaccine.
A total of 421 million vaccine doses have been administered in the western region of India (Table 5). The numbers of Gujarat for the second dose in the 18+ population are higher than the first dose. Considering it as an error, these figures are ignored. The highest doses in the western region 177 million were administered in the state of Maharashtra. It is followed by Gujarat (127 million) and then Rajasthan (115 million). Only 2.8 million doses were administered in Goa.
In Rajasthan, 51.1 million doses were administered as first dose but 4.59 million in 18+ population, 0.66 million in 15-18 years, and 0.84 million in 12-14 years missed their second dose. In Maharashtra, 13 million in 18+ population, 1.01 million in 15-18 years, and 1.02 million in 12-14 years have missed their second vaccine dose. In Goa, only 1.35 million people in the 18+ population took the first dose of the vaccine but 0.13 million missed their second dose. 7181 and 6626 respectively in the age group 15-18 years and 12-14 years missed the second dose. Only 0.13 million people took the booster dose in Goa.
The central region of India consists of Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh where collectively 182 million doses were administered (Table 6). In Chhattisgarh (18 million) and in Madhya Pradesh (54 million) first doses were administered, out of which 0.4 million and 0.1 million people respectively missed their second doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. In Chhattisgarh, 0.18 million people in the age group 15-18 years and 0.32 million in 12-14 years have missed their second dose. In Madhya Pradesh, 0.7 million in 15-18 years and 0.71 million in 12-14 years have missed their second dose. In Chhattisgarh, 7.5 million people and in Madhya Pradesh, 13 million people were immunized with booster doses.
In the North-East region of India (Table 7), the highest COVID-19 vaccine doses (50 million) were administered in Assam whereas the lowest doses (1.36 million) were administered in Sikkim. Out of all the eight states except Sikkim, populations ranging from 0.11 million to 2.0 million have missed their second dose in the 18+ population. Assam is the state that has missed the highest number of second doses in the age group 15-18 years (0.29 million) and 12-14 years (0.39 million).
Among India's seven Union Territories, a data entry error has been noticed for the Andaman & Nicobar Islands. The highest number of vaccine doses were administered in Chandigarh (2.28 million) followed by Puducherry (2.27 million). The lowest numbers were administered in Lakshadweep (0.14 million). The highest booster doses (0.4 million) were administered in the population of Puducherry out of all the Union territories of India (Table 8). A total of 5295713 miscellaneous doses were given in the entire country which was used only for country-level analysis and not for regional-level analysis (Table 9).

Discussion

In the present analysis, we first explored the number of vaccine doses administered in the population at the country level as primary courses in the age groups, 18+ population, 15-18 years population, and 12-14 years population. A significant number of the population missed the second dose of the COVID-19 vaccine administered in all three age groups. Similar results were noticed in the other studies where persons who start the primary series are presumably amenable to initial vaccination but may then either delay completing or may fail to complete the series (54).
Delayed or missed recommended COVID-19 vaccine doses can hamper national efforts to reduce COVID–19–associated illness, hospitalization, and death (55,56,57). More information about this population is valuable for addressing second-dose vaccination barriers and devising interventions to increase primary series completion.
When the data for booster doses administered at the national level was studied, a considerable number of people from vulnerable populations like the 60+ population, Health Care Workers, and Front-Line Workers have not taken booster doses. The total booster doses in the overall population of 18+ and vulnerable populations is far lower as compared to the first vaccine dose (Table 1).
Compared with booster dose recipients in 18–59 years of age, recipients >60 years of age, HCW, and FLW were less likely to have missed a second dose. Persons in older age groups had more time to complete their vaccination, given the prioritization when the COVID-19 vaccine first became available. Older adults also are at higher risk for severe COVID-19 illness and may have been more motivated to become fully vaccinated (58). Compared with unvaccinated HCWs, HCWS who have had either one or two doses of vaccines were less likely to have moderate to severe disease or seek treatment at the hospital (59).
The findings of this study clearly show that people in any age group including vulnerable groups are reluctant to take a second dose as well as a booster dose of COVID-19. This trend is worrisome especially for the vulnerable population as there is clear evidence from the studies of Horne et. al., 2022 and Nanishi et.al, 2022 that waning vaccine effectiveness is greater in older adults and in those in a clinical risk group. Andrews et.al, 2022 and Shekhar et. al., 2021 have proved that booster doses give substantially increased protection against mild and severe disease.
In the region-wise analysis, the trend in northern, southern, western, eastern, central, and north-east regions of India matches with a national trend of vaccine coverage. Where a substantial population has missed the second dose in all three age groups. At the same time, a substantial population has not taken their booster doses, including vulnerable populations.
In Uttar Pradesh under the northern region, the highest number of total vaccine doses as well as booster doses were administered. But this is the same state which has shown the highest population in the region which missed the second dose of vaccine. In Uttar Pradesh, two-thirds population out of those who took the first dose have missed the booster dose. The reason behind the highest number of vaccine doses administered in Uttar Pradesh may be that it is the country's highest populated state (60). Another possible reason might be, that Uttar Pradesh was one of the ten worst-hit states of India during the second wave of COVID-19, and in the wake of a resurgence in the number of new cases, the decision to speed up the process of vaccination has been taken by the government (61).
The results for Delhi, being the national capital were, expected to be better, but the large population there too missed their second and booster dose. This result might be supported by the study where 39.1% of the population of Delhi has shown concern about the safety of the vaccine (62). Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand have shown the lowest number of doses administered compared to the other states of the northern region of the country. The possible reason behind the small number might be the small population of these states.
Seeing the geographical difficulties of the North-East region of the country, accessibility of the vaccine to the people of this area was an issue, which makes the data of the region important. Here delivering the vaccine was a bigger challenge for the government than the perception of the people towards the COVID-19 vaccine. Similar challenges were also seen for the Union territory of Andaman & Nicobar Islands. However, analysis of this study shows that enough total vaccine doses were administered throughout the North-East region as well as in challenging Union Territories. The reason behind this might be the Indian Council of Medical Research’s drone (i-Drone) response and outreach in North East delivered doses of COVID-19 vaccine (63).
This finding is consistent with the reports from other studies where when compared with first-dose recipients were more likely to have delayed or missed the second dose (64). Our research findings are also consistent with the Government of India’s Economic Survey, 2023. As per the survey report, till December 2022, overall, 91.65 l million people were vaccinated with the first dose and 76.565 million with the second dose (65). This report clearly shows the substantial population has missed the second dose when compared with the first dose. Many factors may contribute to this disparity. Fear of side effects is one of the reasons attributed to the higher percentage of delayed second doses among the recipients (66). Another possibility behind the lower second dose mentioned is that lower-income persons may be concerned about taking time off work to get vaccinated and to recuperate should they experience side effects (67,68).
Previous research found that COVID-19 vaccine coverage was lower in rural areas than in urban areas (69). A similar possibility might be there in the case of the Indian scenario. Also, these observations of the present study highlight the value of knowing which barriers prevent timely second-dose completion or booster dose for recipients.
One peculiar problem of data has been noticed for some of the states where the number of second doses is higher than the first one. There is a possibility of human error during data entry at MoHFW website. Unfortunately, data entry errors can have deleterious effects on research results. Simple data entry errors – such as typing an incorrect number can ruin the results of a statistical analysis (70). Hence the data for these states is mentioned but not considered for the conclusion. This needs further correction by MoHFW.
This is a systematic study based on data on the total number of vaccines administered at the national, regional, and state levels. This study highlights the number of people who took their first dose of the vaccine but missed their second dose in three age groups, 18+, 15-18 years, and 12-14 years. This also gives the idea of how many people have taken booster doses in the 18-59 years population and vulnerable population. But there is a need to further carry out the research to understand out of the total population of the state, how many people have not taken even a single dose of COVID-19 vaccine.

Conclusion

The national, regional, and state-level analyses of COVID-19 vaccine coverage have shown that a substantial population has missed the second dose of the vaccine. Even for the states where this number is smallest, that number is in thousands. In every state, 50-75% of the population has not taken booster doses out of those who took the first dose of primary series. One of the limitations we noticed here is discrepancies in data for some states. There is a need for further research to know how many people have not even taken a single dose of vaccine. The policy level changes are needed to cover the entire population of the country for at least a single dose and vulnerable populations for booster doses of the COVID-19 vaccine.

Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate

Not Applicable.

Supplementary Materials

Metadata-Cumulative Coverage Report of COVID-19 vaccination is taken from the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW), Government of India. https://www.mohfw.gov.in/pdf/CummulativeCovidVaccinationReport23Dec2022.pdf.

Author Contributions

All authors have agreed to the submission of this manuscript.

Funding

Not Applicable.

Acknowledgments

Not Applicable.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no competing interests.

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Preprints 99538 g001
Figure 1. Pie chart showing total number of COVID-19 vaccine doses administered in 18+ population (1st and 2nd doses).
Figure 1. Pie chart showing total number of COVID-19 vaccine doses administered in 18+ population (1st and 2nd doses).
Preprints 99538 g001
Preprints 99538 g002
Figure 2. Bar graph showing the total number of COVID-19 vaccine doses administered in the Indian population.
Figure 2. Bar graph showing the total number of COVID-19 vaccine doses administered in the Indian population.
Preprints 99538 g002
Table 1. Cumulative coverage report of COVID-19 vaccination in entire India.
Table 1. Cumulative coverage report of COVID-19 vaccination in entire India.
India Beneficiaries Vaccinated Total doses
18+ population 15-18 years 12-14 years Precaution/booster dose
1st dose 2nd dose Difference 1st dose 2nd dose Difference 1st dose 2nd dose Difference 18-59 years 60 + years HCW, FLW Total booster doses
922150302 865073869 57076433 62111781 53629741 8482040 41288312 32518122 8770190 153962383 69565391 223527774 2200299901
Table 2. Cumulative coverage report of COVID-19 vaccination in the northern region of India.
Table 2. Cumulative coverage report of COVID-19 vaccination in the northern region of India.
S. No State Beneficiaries Vaccinated Total doses
18+ population 15-18 years 12-14 years Precaution/booster dose
1st dose 2nd dose Difference 1st dose 2nd dose Difference 1st dose 2nd dose Difference 18-59 years 60 + years HCW, FLW Total booster doses
1 Himachal Pradesh 6041524 5779764 261760 331637 308731 22906 272064 235002 37062 1480474 822929 2303403 15272125
2 Punjab 22351896 19601010 2750886 1116705 874903 241802 684126 497377 186749 794809 1039692 1834501 46960518
3 Uttarakhand 8179978 7940252 239726 532593 466493 66100 402309 315984 86325 1341674 866468 2208142 20045751
4 Haryana 21954733 18731652 3223081 1157529 767491 390038 559418 327204 232214 1249641 700969 1950610 45448637
5 Delhi 16599587 14348233 2251354 1008405 870305 138100 682753 489523 193230 2307012 1052355 3359367 37358173
6 Uttar Pradesh 154054737 147709294 6345443 14192132 13221527 970605 8708556 7874893 833663 35581131 9235711 44816842 390577981
Table 3. Cumulative coverage report of COVID-19 vaccination in the southern region of India.
Table 3. Cumulative coverage report of COVID-19 vaccination in the southern region of India.
S. No State Beneficiaries Vaccinated Total doses
18+ population 15-18 years 12-14 years Precaution/booster dose
1st dose 2nd dose Difference 1st dose 2nd dose Difference 1st dose 2nd dose Difference 18-59 years 60 + years HCW, FLW Total booster doses
1 Andhra Pradesh 40642902 43548909 -2906007 2535297 2527591 7706 1523355 1495429 27926 11700256 6579067 18279323 110552806
2 Karnataka 50014221 50452205 -437984 2814308 2709721 104587 2324463 2149980 174483 5644638 4717480 10362118 120827016
3 Kerala 27013330 23790740 3222590 1322406 956252 366154 810901 511928 298973 850965 2215064 3066029 57471586
4 Tamil Nadu 56657297 53494530 3162767 2627003 2221961 405042 1916056 1460282 455774 6024065 3019271 9043336 127420465
5 Telangana 29606569 29051472 555097 1723557 1580580 142977 1106831 900504 206327 10512313 2700120 13212433 77181946
Table 4. Cumulative coverage report of COVID-19 vaccination in the eastern region of India.
Table 4. Cumulative coverage report of COVID-19 vaccination in the eastern region of India.
S. No State Beneficiaries Vaccinated Total doses
18+ population 15-18 years 12-14 years Precaution/booster dose
1st dose 2nd dose Difference 1st dose 2nd dose Difference 1st dose 2nd dose Difference 18-59 years 60 + years HCW, FLW Total booster doses
1 Bihar 62942587 59142450 3800137 6227260 5329417 897843 4287681 3402619 885062 11975634 3867313 15842947 157174961
2 Jharkhand 21297837 16037741 5260096 1586108 1091508 494600 1062295 621850 440445 1291246 662290 1953536 43650875
3 Odisha 31453540 29949586 1503954 2195508 1844375 351133 1600839 1206527 394312 9991894 3199032 13190926 81441301
4 West Bengal 67299545 61592577 5706968 3599204 3038845 560359 2621997 2058910 563087 10245585 5489990 15735575 155946653
Table 5. Cumulative coverage report of COVID-19 vaccination in the western region of India.
Table 5. Cumulative coverage report of COVID-19 vaccination in the western region of India.
S. No State Beneficiaries Vaccinated Total doses
18+ population 15-18 years 12-14 years Precaution/booster dose
1st dose 2nd dose Difference 1st dose 2nd dose Difference 1st dose 2nd dose Difference 18-59 years 60 + years HCW, FLW Total booster doses
1 Rajasthan 51101129 46504169 4596960 3570406 2905664 664742 2343781 1496486 847295 4362850 2993986 7356836 115278471
2 Maharashtra 84640930 71589342 13051588 4110678 3091658 1019020 2888879 1868124 1020755 4986703 4444638 9431341 177620952
3 Gujrat 49312972 49426218 -113246 3131238 2903246 227992 1940872 1677615 263257 13419812 5931642 19351454 127743615
4 Goa 1354815 1224166 130649 51727 44546 7181 33265 26639 6626 60755 76549 137304 2872462
Table 6. Cumulative coverage report of COVID-19 vaccination in the central region of India.
Table 6. Cumulative coverage report of COVID-19 vaccination in the central region of India.
S. No State Beneficiaries Vaccinated Total doses
18+ population 15-18 years 12-14 years Precaution/booster dose
1st dose 2nd dose Difference 1st dose 2nd dose Difference 1st dose 2nd dose Difference 18-59 years 60 + years HCW, FLW Total booster doses
1 Chhattisgarh 18954784 18532212 422572 1234608 1050135 184473 1076048 752552 323496 5724368 1803871 7528239 49128578
2 Madhya Pradesh 54139637 54034786 104851 4194075 3469035 725040 2410903 1698621 712282 9846394 3786020 13632414 133579471
Table 7. Cumulative coverage report of COVID-19 vaccination in north-east region of India.
Table 7. Cumulative coverage report of COVID-19 vaccination in north-east region of India.
S. No State Beneficiaries Vaccinated Total doses
18+ population 15-18 years 12-14 years Precaution/booster dose
1st dose 2nd dose Difference 1st dose 2nd dose Difference 1st dose 2nd dose Difference 18-59 years 60 + years HCW, FLW Total booster doses
1 Arunachal Pradesh 860420 747123 113297 59080 44796 14284 40792 28406 12386 72076 58524 130600 1911217
2 Assam 22549847 20561284 1988563 1261430 965279 296151 999552 602277 397275 2081769 1259676 3341445 50281114
3 Manipur 1463972 1225590 238382 109282 68171 41111 75418 44329 31089 113999 165096 279095 3265857
4 Meghalaya 1332102 1024901 307201 76875 42605 34270 37364 19512 17852 30704 56987 87691 2621050
5 Mizoram 785749 668814 116935 60098 47010 13088 48360 33595 14765 79573 67619 147192 1790818
6 Nagaland 837775 684305 153470 59731 40145 19586 26012 19885 6127 26060 43640 69700 1737553
7 Sikkim 539927 509134 30793 30049 26515 3534 21899 19007 2892 158276 55637 213913 1360444
8 Tripura 2658796 2328462 330334 144797 115099 29698 112965 79612 33353 270651 204535 475186 5914917
Table 8. Cumulative coverage report of COVID-19 vaccination in union territories of India.
Table 8. Cumulative coverage report of COVID-19 vaccination in union territories of India.
S. No State Beneficiaries Vaccinated Total doses
18+ population 15-18 years 12-14 years Precaution/booster dose
1st dose 2nd dose Difference 1st dose 2nd dose Difference 1st dose 2nd dose Difference 18-59 years 60 + years HCW, FLW Total booster doses
1 Andaman and Nicobar Islands 313284 320383 -7099 19208 18860 348 15124 14041 1083 236936 53427 290363 991263
2 Chandigarh 1089211 917560 171651 57635 42055 15580 38117 25941 12176 48174 62852 111026 2281545
3 Dadra & Nagar Haveli 430279 332452 97827 19655 16329 3326 12365 7989 4376 69607 10342 79949 899018
4 Daman & Diu 300463 262473 37990 11852 10612 1240 7623 6937 686 67317 12142 79459 679419
5 Lakshadweep 56908 55992 916 2911 2780 131 1988 1723 265 15757 6949 22706 145008
6 Ladakh 219560 186920 32640 10068 9228 840 8627 7758 869 68544 53920 122464 564625
7 Jammu & Kashmir 9941538 10386743 -445205 876032 861659 14373 553841 517810 36031 928479 669391 1597870 24735493
8 Puducherry 912821 801311 111510 50694 44614 6080 30873 21251 9622 302242 106698 408940 2270504
Table 9. Cumulative coverage report of COVID-19 vaccination miscellaneous.
Table 9. Cumulative coverage report of COVID-19 vaccination miscellaneous.
S. No State Beneficiaries Vaccinated Total doses
18+ population 15-18 years 12-14 years Precaution/booster dose
1st dose 2nd dose Difference 1st dose 2nd dose Difference 1st dose 2nd dose Difference 18-59 years 60 + years HCW, FLW Total booster doses
1 Miscellaneous 2243100 1579114 1473499 5295713
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