Preprint Review Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

The Effects of Heavy Metals Pollution on Nitrogen Transformation and Volatile Organic Compounds in Paddy Soil under Different Water Management Practices

MUHAMMAD AFZAL
ORCID logo ,
Sajid Muhammad
ORCID logo ,
Dedong Tan
,
Sidra Kaleem
,
Arif Ali Khattak
,
Xiaolin Wang
,
Xiaoyuan Chen
,
Ma Liang Fang
,
Mo JingZhi
,
Niaz Muhammad
,
Mehmood Jan
* ,
Zhiyuan Tan
*
Version 1 : Received: 12 February 2024 / Approved: 13 February 2024 / Online: 13 February 2024 (10:44:43 CET)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Afzal, M.; Muhammad, S.; Tan, D.; Kaleem, S.; Khattak, A.A.; Wang, X.; Chen, X.; Ma, L.; Mo, J.; Muhammad, N.; Jan, M.; Tan, Z. The Effects of Heavy Metal Pollution on Soil Nitrogen Transformation and Rice Volatile Organic Compounds under Different Water Management Practices. Plants 2024, 13, 871. Afzal, M.; Muhammad, S.; Tan, D.; Kaleem, S.; Khattak, A.A.; Wang, X.; Chen, X.; Ma, L.; Mo, J.; Muhammad, N.; Jan, M.; Tan, Z. The Effects of Heavy Metal Pollution on Soil Nitrogen Transformation and Rice Volatile Organic Compounds under Different Water Management Practices. Plants 2024, 13, 871.

Abstract

One of the most concerning global environmental issues is the pollution of agricultural soils by heavy metals (HMs), especially cadmium (Cd), which not only affects human health by taking Cd-containing foods but also impacts the quality of rice. The soil's nitrification and denitrification processes, coupled with the release of volatile organic compounds by plants, raise substantial concerns. The understanding of three aspects of paddy soil under conditions of heavy-metal pollution and water management is currently limited. In this review, we summarized recent literature related to the deleterious effects of Cd on both soil processes related to the N cycle and rice quality, particularly aroma, in different water management practices. Under both continuous flooding (CF) and alternate wetting and drying (AWD) conditions, cadmium (Cd) has been observed to reduce both nitrification and denitrification processes. The adverse effects are more pronounced in continuous flooding (CF) compared to alternate wetting and drying (AWD). Similarly, the alteration in rice aroma is more significant in AWD than in CF. The precise modulation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by Cd, remains unclear based on the available literature. Nevertheless, HM accumulation is higher in AWD conditions compared to CF, leading to a detrimental impact on volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The literature concluded that AWD practices should be avoided in Cd contaminated fields to decrease accumulation and maintain the quality of rice. In the future, rhizospheric engineering and plant biotechnology can be used to decrease the transport of HMs from the soil to the plant’s edible parts.

Keywords

Heavy metals; volatile organic compounds; N cycle; Paddy soil; Water management

Subject

Environmental and Earth Sciences, Soil Science

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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