Ossipov, V.; Khazieva, F.; Baleev, D.; Salminen, J.-P.; Sidelnikov, N. Comparative Metabolomics of Ligulate and Tubular Flowers of Two Cultivars of Calendula officinalis L. Metabolites2024, 14, 140.
Ossipov, V.; Khazieva, F.; Baleev, D.; Salminen, J.-P.; Sidelnikov, N. Comparative Metabolomics of Ligulate and Tubular Flowers of Two Cultivars of Calendula officinalis L. Metabolites 2024, 14, 140.
Ossipov, V.; Khazieva, F.; Baleev, D.; Salminen, J.-P.; Sidelnikov, N. Comparative Metabolomics of Ligulate and Tubular Flowers of Two Cultivars of Calendula officinalis L. Metabolites2024, 14, 140.
Ossipov, V.; Khazieva, F.; Baleev, D.; Salminen, J.-P.; Sidelnikov, N. Comparative Metabolomics of Ligulate and Tubular Flowers of Two Cultivars of Calendula officinalis L. Metabolites 2024, 14, 140.
Abstract
The main aims of this study were (1) to identify and compare the major biologically active compounds in the metabolome of ligulate and tubular flowers of two C. officinalis cultivars, ‘Golden Sea’ (GS) and ‘Paradise Garden’ (PG), and (2) to investigate the effect of different proportions of ligulate and tubular flowers in the inflorescences on their metabolome. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection and a Q Exactive Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometer were used to analyse the flower metabolome. Analysis of the metabolomics data revealed that polar lipids showed the most significant differences between flowers. Tubular flowers of PG and GS cultivars contained higher levels of 31 and 34 out of 36 lipids, respectively. Furthermore, tubular flowers of both cultivars contained significantly higher levels of phenolamides and caffeoylquinic acids, but lower levels of triterpenoids. To compare the metabolite content of the two C. officinalis cultivars, we analysed the data for their inflorescences. The study showed that GS inflorescences contained significantly higher levels of phenolic compounds and lipids than PG inflorescences. This GS advantage was due to two factors: firstly, the higher content of these metabolites in tubular flowers and, secondly, the higher proportion of tubular flowers in GS inflorescences.
Keywords
Calendula officinalis; biologically active metabolites; cultivars; UPLC-PDA-HRMS; ligulate and tubular flowers; phenolic compounds; triterpenoid glycosides; polar lipids
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Plant Sciences
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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