Preprint Review Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Non-coding RNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Potential Applications in Combined Therapeutic Strategies and Promising Candidates of Treatment Response

Clara Vianello
,
Elisa Monti
ORCID logo ,
Ilaria Leoni
,
Giuseppe Galvani
,
Catia Giovannini
ORCID logo ,
Fabio Piscaglia
ORCID logo ,
Claudio Stefanelli
,
Laura Gramantieri
ORCID logo ,
Francesca Fornari
* ORCID logo
Version 1 : Received: 20 January 2024 / Approved: 20 January 2024 / Online: 22 January 2024 (04:35:46 CET)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Vianello, C.; Monti, E.; Leoni, I.; Galvani, G.; Giovannini, C.; Piscaglia, F.; Stefanelli, C.; Gramantieri, L.; Fornari, F. Noncoding RNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Potential Applications in Combined Therapeutic Strategies and Promising Candidates of Treatment Response. Cancers 2024, 16, 766. Vianello, C.; Monti, E.; Leoni, I.; Galvani, G.; Giovannini, C.; Piscaglia, F.; Stefanelli, C.; Gramantieri, L.; Fornari, F. Noncoding RNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Potential Applications in Combined Therapeutic Strategies and Promising Candidates of Treatment Response. Cancers 2024, 16, 766.

Abstract

The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasing and 40% of patients are diagnosed at advanced stages. Over the past 5 years, the number of clinical available treatments have dramatically increased for HCC, making patient management particularly complex. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have improved the overall survival of patients showing a durable treatment benefit over time, and a different response pattern with respect to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Although improved survival in responder cases, a sizeable group of patients are primary progressors or are ineligible for immunotherapy. Indeed, patients with non-viral etiologies, such non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and alterations in specific driver genes might be less responsive to immunotherapy. Therefore, improving the comprehension of mechanisms of drug resistance and identifying biomarkers informative of the best treatment approach are required actions to improve patient survival. Numerous evidence indicated non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) as pivotal players in cancer. Molecular mechanisms through which ncRNAs exert their effects in cancer progression and drug resistance have been widely investigated. Nevertheless, there are no studies summarizing the synergistic effect between ncRNA-based strategies and TKIs or ICIs in the preclinical setting. This review aims to provide up-to-date information regarding the possible use of ncRNAs as therapeutic targets in association with molecular targeted agents and immunotherapies and as predictive tools for the selection of optimized treatment options in advanced HCCs.

Keywords

HCC; non-coding RNA; microRNA; TKI; ICI; biomarkers

Subject

Biology and Life Sciences, Life Sciences

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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