Khalili Ardali, Z.; Amirnejad, H.; Mohammadi Limaei, S.; Salehi, S. Assessment of Recreational Value in a Protected Forest Area Considering the New Environmental Paradigm (Case Study: Helen Forest, Southwestern Iran). Sustainability2024, 16, 2771.
Khalili Ardali, Z.; Amirnejad, H.; Mohammadi Limaei, S.; Salehi, S. Assessment of Recreational Value in a Protected Forest Area Considering the New Environmental Paradigm (Case Study: Helen Forest, Southwestern Iran). Sustainability 2024, 16, 2771.
Khalili Ardali, Z.; Amirnejad, H.; Mohammadi Limaei, S.; Salehi, S. Assessment of Recreational Value in a Protected Forest Area Considering the New Environmental Paradigm (Case Study: Helen Forest, Southwestern Iran). Sustainability2024, 16, 2771.
Khalili Ardali, Z.; Amirnejad, H.; Mohammadi Limaei, S.; Salehi, S. Assessment of Recreational Value in a Protected Forest Area Considering the New Environmental Paradigm (Case Study: Helen Forest, Southwestern Iran). Sustainability 2024, 16, 2771.
Abstract
There is less attention to use an environmental perspective in economic valuation and individuals' willingness to pay for recreational sites. Therefore, the aim of this study is to use contingent valuation methods to estimate the recreational value and willingness to pay of visitors to the protected area of Helen forest, considering the scale of the new environmental paradigm (NEP). To achieve this, the sample size for survey was determined using the Cochran method, and then economic valuation and environmental perspective questions were designed and completed through the completion of a dual-dimensional questionnaire and NEP scale. To determine the factors influencing individuals' willingness to pay, the logistic regression model was employed. In this study, two modeling approaches were used. The first utilized a base model containing socio-economic variables, while the second model integrated a NEP into the base, and subsequent estimations were conducted. The results indicated that 83.04% of visitors are willing to pay an amount for the recreational use of the study area. The estimated model results demonstrated that variables such as the proposed amount, frequency of visits, environmental statement, age, gender, education, individual monthly income, residency, and the NEP are among the most influential factors affecting the likelihood of accepting the proposed amount by tourists. The strong and positive correlation between the NEP and willingness to pay indicates that individuals with a favorable environmental perspective tend to exhibit a higher willingness to pay. In this study, the average willingness to pay per household per visit was 199,793 Rials, and the annual recreational value for the entire Helen forest area was 23746832564 Rials. Furthermore, the survey results regarding visitors' perspective on the NEP revealed that the average NEP score for visitors to Helen forest was 36.57, with the statement 'plants and animals have similar rights to humans' receiving the highest average score of 28.4. The result of this study shows the importance of environmental perspective for sustainable management of a recreational site to balance economic development with environmental conservation and social well-being.
Keywords
Recreational value; new environmental paradigm (NEP); contingent valuation methods (CVM); willingness to pay (WTP).
Subject
Social Sciences, Tourism, Leisure, Sport and Hospitality
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
