COVID-19 Vaccines: Where Do We Stand at the End of 2023?

Kenneth Lundstrom

doi:10.20944/preprints202401.0471.v1

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preprints.org > biology and life sciences > virology > doi: 10.20944/preprints202401.0471.v1

Preprint Review Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

COVID-19 Vaccines: Where Do We Stand at the End of 2023?

Kenneth Lundstrom

Version 1 : Received: 4 January 2024 / Approved: 5 January 2024 / Online: 5 January 2024 (10:09:54 CET)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Lundstrom, K. COVID-19 Vaccines: Where Did We Stand at the End of 2023? Viruses 2024, 16, 203. Lundstrom, K. COVID-19 Vaccines: Where Did We Stand at the End of 2023? Viruses 2024, 16, 203.

Abstract

Vaccine development against SARS-CoV-2 has been highly successful in slowing down the COVID-19 pandemic. A wide spectrum of approaches including vaccines based on whole viruses, protein subunits and peptides, viral vectors, and nucleic acids have been developed in parallel. For all types of COVID-19 vaccines, good safety and efficacy have been obtained in both preclinical animal studies and in clinical trials in humans. Moreover, emergency use authorization has been granted for all types of COVID-19 vaccines. Although high safety has been demonstrated, rare cases of severe adverse events have been detected after global mass vaccinations. Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants possessing enhanced infectivity have affected vaccine protection efficacy requiring re-design and re-engineering of novel COVID-19 vaccine candidates. Furthermore, insight into preparedness against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants and other future viral infections is given.

Keywords

inactivated and live whole virus vaccines; protein and peptide vaccines; viral vector vaccines; DNA vaccines; RNA vaccines

Subject

Biology and Life Sciences, Virology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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