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A Comprehensive Strategy for Stepwise Design of a Lab Prototype for the Removal of Emerging Contaminants in Water Using Cyclodextrin Polymers as Adsorbent Material
Hernández Cegarra, A.T.; Gómez-Morte, T.; Pellicer, J.A.; Vela, N.; Rodríguez-López, M.I.; Núñez-Delicado, E.; Gabaldón, J.A. A Comprehensive Strategy for Stepwise Design of a Lab PROTOTYPE for the Removal of Emerging Contaminants in Water Using Cyclodextrin Polymers as Adsorbent Material. Int. J. Mol. Sci.2024, 25, 2829.
Hernández Cegarra, A.T.; Gómez-Morte, T.; Pellicer, J.A.; Vela, N.; Rodríguez-López, M.I.; Núñez-Delicado, E.; Gabaldón, J.A. A Comprehensive Strategy for Stepwise Design of a Lab PROTOTYPE for the Removal of Emerging Contaminants in Water Using Cyclodextrin Polymers as Adsorbent Material. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 2829.
Hernández Cegarra, A.T.; Gómez-Morte, T.; Pellicer, J.A.; Vela, N.; Rodríguez-López, M.I.; Núñez-Delicado, E.; Gabaldón, J.A. A Comprehensive Strategy for Stepwise Design of a Lab PROTOTYPE for the Removal of Emerging Contaminants in Water Using Cyclodextrin Polymers as Adsorbent Material. Int. J. Mol. Sci.2024, 25, 2829.
Hernández Cegarra, A.T.; Gómez-Morte, T.; Pellicer, J.A.; Vela, N.; Rodríguez-López, M.I.; Núñez-Delicado, E.; Gabaldón, J.A. A Comprehensive Strategy for Stepwise Design of a Lab PROTOTYPE for the Removal of Emerging Contaminants in Water Using Cyclodextrin Polymers as Adsorbent Material. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 2829.
Abstract
The significant environmental issue of water pollution caused by emerging contaminants un-derscores the imperative for developing novel cleanup methods that are efficient, economically viable, and that are intended to operate at high capacity and under continuous flows at the in-dustrial scale. This study shows the results of the operational design to build a prototype for the retention at lab scale of pollutants residues in water by using as adsorbent material, insoluble polymers prepared by β-cyclodextrin and epichlorohydrin as a cross-linking agent. Laboratory in batch tests were run to find out the adsorbent performances against furosemide and hydro-chlorothiazide as pollutants model. The initial evaluation concerning the dosage of adsorbent, pH levels, agitation, and the concentration of pharmaceutical pollutants enabled us to identify the optimal conditions for conducting the subsequent experiments. The adsorption kinetic and the mechanisms involved were evaluated revealing that that the experimental data perfectly fit the pseudo second order model being the adsorption process mainly governed by chemisorption. According to the KF constants values of 0.044 (L/g) and 0.029 (L/g) for furosemide and hydro-chlorothiazide, respectively and determination coefficient (R2) higher than 0.9 for both com-pounds, Freundlich yielded the most favorable outcomes, suggesting that the adsorption process occurs on heterogeneous surfaces involving both chemisorption and physisorption processes. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity (qmax) obtained by Langmuir isotherm reveal a saturation of the β-CDs-EPI polymer surface 1.45 times higher for furosemide (qmax = 1.282 mg/g) than hydrochlorothiazide (qmax = 0.844 mg/g). Based on these results, the sizing design and building of a lab scale model were conducted, which in turn will be used later to evaluate its performances working in continuous flow in a real scenario.
Keywords
β-Cyclodextrins; porous adsorbent; adsorption kinetics; pilot design; furosemide; hydrochlorothiazide.
Subject
Chemistry and Materials Science, Chemical Engineering
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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