Single Infection and Dual Co-infection With Respiratory Viruses Affect Cytokine and Chemokine Expression in Acute Respiratory Illness Negative for SARS-CoV-2

Blanca Guadalupe Gómez-Sotelo; Evelyn Rivera-Toledo; Fredy Omar Beltrán-Anaya; Berenice Illades-Aguiar; Eugenia Flores-Alfaro; Daniel Hernández-Sotelo; Adolfo Román-Román; Jorge Gaona-Bernal; Ramón Antaño-Arias; Óscar Del Moral-Hernández

doi:10.20944/preprints202312.0800.v1

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preprints.org > biology and life sciences > virology > doi: 10.20944/preprints202312.0800.v1

Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Single Infection and Dual Co-infection With Respiratory Viruses Affect Cytokine and Chemokine Expression in Acute Respiratory Illness Negative for SARS-CoV-2

Blanca Guadalupe Gómez-Sotelo

Evelyn Rivera-Toledo

Fredy Omar Beltrán-Anaya

Berenice Illades-Aguiar

Eugenia Flores-Alfaro

Daniel Hernández-Sotelo

Adolfo Román-Román

Jorge Gaona-Bernal

Ramón Antaño-Arias

Óscar Del Moral-Hernández

Version 1 : Received: 11 December 2023 / Approved: 12 December 2023 / Online: 12 December 2023 (05:20:34 CET)

How to cite: Gómez-Sotelo, B.G.; Rivera-Toledo, E.; Beltrán-Anaya, F.O.; Illades-Aguiar, B.; Flores-Alfaro, E.; Hernández-Sotelo, D.; Román-Román, A.; Gaona-Bernal, J.; Antaño-Arias, R.; Del Moral-Hernández, Ó. Single Infection and Dual Co-infection With Respiratory Viruses Affect Cytokine and Chemokine Expression in Acute Respiratory Illness Negative for SARS-CoV-2. Preprints 2023, 2023120800. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202312.0800.v1 Gómez-Sotelo, B.G.; Rivera-Toledo, E.; Beltrán-Anaya, F.O.; Illades-Aguiar, B.; Flores-Alfaro, E.; Hernández-Sotelo, D.; Román-Román, A.; Gaona-Bernal, J.; Antaño-Arias, R.; Del Moral-Hernández, Ó. Single Infection and Dual Co-infection With Respiratory Viruses Affect Cytokine and Chemokine Expression in Acute Respiratory Illness Negative for SARS-CoV-2. Preprints 2023, 2023120800. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202312.0800.v1

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MDPI and ACS Style

Gómez-Sotelo, B.G.; Rivera-Toledo, E.; Beltrán-Anaya, F.O.; Illades-Aguiar, B.; Flores-Alfaro, E.; Hernández-Sotelo, D.; Román-Román, A.; Gaona-Bernal, J.; Antaño-Arias, R.; Del Moral-Hernández, Ó. Single Infection and Dual Co-infection With Respiratory Viruses Affect Cytokine and Chemokine Expression in Acute Respiratory Illness Negative for SARS-CoV-2. Preprints 2023, 2023120800. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202312.0800.v1

APA Style

Gómez-Sotelo, B.G., Rivera-Toledo, E., Beltrán-Anaya, F.O., Illades-Aguiar, B., Flores-Alfaro, E., Hernández-Sotelo, D., Román-Román, A., Gaona-Bernal, J., Antaño-Arias, R., & Del Moral-Hernández, Ó. (2023). Single Infection and Dual Co-infection With Respiratory Viruses Affect Cytokine and Chemokine Expression in Acute Respiratory Illness Negative for SARS-CoV-2. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202312.0800.v1

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gómez-Sotelo, B.G., Ramón Antaño-Arias and Óscar Del Moral-Hernández. 2023 "Single Infection and Dual Co-infection With Respiratory Viruses Affect Cytokine and Chemokine Expression in Acute Respiratory Illness Negative for SARS-CoV-2" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202312.0800.v1

Abstract

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the circulation of non–SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viruses changed throughout the world. This study aimed to analyze the effect of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), metapneumovirus (MPV), rhinovirus (RV), and parainfluenza (PIV)-3 single infection, dual co-infection, and viral load on cytokine and chemokine expression in 300 Mexican patients with ARIs negative for SARS-CoV-2. Molecular detection and viral load were performed by RT-qPCR. Cytokine and chemokine expression was determined in samples positive for single RSV, MPV, RV, or PIV-3 infection, and in the most frequent dual co-infections, by a cytokine panel using a magnetic-bead-based multiplex immunoassay. Of the patients positive for viral infection, 91.7% had a single infection and 8.3% had dual co-infections. In this study, RSV was the respiratory virus with the highest prevalence, and the most common dual co-infection was RV+RSV. On the other hand, RV infections had the highest viral loads compared to the other viruses detected. FGF basic, MIP-1α IL-8, IP-10, MCP-1, IFN-γ, and RANTES showed differential expression between single infections and dual co-infections compared to healthy patients. We report, for the first time, the circulation of non-SARS-CoV-2 viruses in the south of Mexico and the cytokine and chemokine profiles associated with these viruses.

Keywords

non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viruses; single infection; dual co-infection; viral load; cytokine; chemokine

Subject

Biology and Life Sciences, Virology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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