Howell, M.M.; Olajiga, O.M.; Cardenas, J.C.; Parada-Higuera, C.A.; Gonzales-Pabon, M.U.; Gutierrez-Silva, L.Y.; Jaimes-Villamizar, L.; Werner, B.M.; Shaffer, J.G.; Manuzak, J.A.; Londono-Renteria, B. Mosquito Salivary Antigens and Their Relationship to Dengue and P. vivax Malaria. Pathogens2024, 13, 52.
Howell, M.M.; Olajiga, O.M.; Cardenas, J.C.; Parada-Higuera, C.A.; Gonzales-Pabon, M.U.; Gutierrez-Silva, L.Y.; Jaimes-Villamizar, L.; Werner, B.M.; Shaffer, J.G.; Manuzak, J.A.; Londono-Renteria, B. Mosquito Salivary Antigens and Their Relationship to Dengue and P. vivax Malaria. Pathogens 2024, 13, 52.
Howell, M.M.; Olajiga, O.M.; Cardenas, J.C.; Parada-Higuera, C.A.; Gonzales-Pabon, M.U.; Gutierrez-Silva, L.Y.; Jaimes-Villamizar, L.; Werner, B.M.; Shaffer, J.G.; Manuzak, J.A.; Londono-Renteria, B. Mosquito Salivary Antigens and Their Relationship to Dengue and P. vivax Malaria. Pathogens2024, 13, 52.
Howell, M.M.; Olajiga, O.M.; Cardenas, J.C.; Parada-Higuera, C.A.; Gonzales-Pabon, M.U.; Gutierrez-Silva, L.Y.; Jaimes-Villamizar, L.; Werner, B.M.; Shaffer, J.G.; Manuzak, J.A.; Londono-Renteria, B. Mosquito Salivary Antigens and Their Relationship to Dengue and P. vivax Malaria. Pathogens 2024, 13, 52.
Abstract
In tropical areas, simultaneous transmission of several vector-borne diseases is common due to ecological factors that are shared by arthropod vectors. Malaria and dengue virus, transmitted by Anopheles and Aedes mosquitoes, respectively, are among the top vector-borne diseases that cause significant morbidity and mortality in endemic areas. Notably, tropical areas often have suitable conditions for the co-existence of these mosquito species, highlighting the importance of identifying markers that accurately indicate the risk of acquiring each specific disease entity. Aedes are daytime-biting mosquitoes, while Anopheles preferentially bite during the night. These biting patterns raises the possibility of concurrent exposure to bites from both species. This pattern is important since mosquito saliva, deposited in the skin during blood feeding, induces immune responses that modulate pathogen establishment and infection. Previous studies have focused on characterizing such effects on the vector-pathogen interface for an individual pathogen and its mosquito vector. In this study, we evaluated associations between immune responses to salivary proteins from non-dengue and non-malaria vector mosquito species with clinical characteristics of malaria and dengue, respectively. Surprisingly, antibody responses against Anopheles antigens in dengue patients correlated with red blood cell count and hematocrit, while antibody responses against Aedes proteins were associated with platelet count in malaria patients. Our data indicate that concurrent exposure to multiple disease-carrying mosquito vectors and their salivary proteins with differing immunomodulatory properties could influence the transmission, pathogenesis, and clinical presentation of malaria, dengue fever, and other vector-borne illnesses.
Biology and Life Sciences, Immunology and Microbiology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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