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Evaluation of In Vitro and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Products Containing a Breath Mask and Filter Based on Polyurethane and Polyvinylidene Fluoride Nanofibers
Kim, K.O. In Vitro and Anti-Inflammatory Activity Evaluation Nanofibers from a Breath Mask and Filter Based on Polyurethane and Polyvinylidene Fluoride. Polymers2023, 15, 4650.
Kim, K.O. In Vitro and Anti-Inflammatory Activity Evaluation Nanofibers from a Breath Mask and Filter Based on Polyurethane and Polyvinylidene Fluoride. Polymers 2023, 15, 4650.
Kim, K.O. In Vitro and Anti-Inflammatory Activity Evaluation Nanofibers from a Breath Mask and Filter Based on Polyurethane and Polyvinylidene Fluoride. Polymers2023, 15, 4650.
Kim, K.O. In Vitro and Anti-Inflammatory Activity Evaluation Nanofibers from a Breath Mask and Filter Based on Polyurethane and Polyvinylidene Fluoride. Polymers 2023, 15, 4650.
Abstract
Nanofiber (NF) products exhibit outstanding performances in the materials science, textile, and medical fields, which cannot be realized using conventional technologies. However, the safety of such products is debated because of the potential risk of nanomaterials and lack of standardized guidelines for safely evaluating NF products. The global safety evaluations of nanomaterials focused on evaluating the cytotoxicity of zero-dimensional materials including nanoparticles and nanotubes based on OECD criteria. The NFs are one-dimensional materials with nanometer diameters and considerable lengths. Many fibers are applied in a densely woven web-like form, and therefore, assessing cellular penetration and fiber toxicity using the same methods is inappropriate. This study verifies the safety of polyurethane (PU) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymers, which are currently applied in filters and masks. To this end, polymer NFs were collected from each product, and the NFs were compared with reference samples considering their physical properties using FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy. For the safety evaluation, DMSO stocks of varying concentrations of PVDF and PU NFs (at 0.5, 1, 5, and 10 μg/mL) were prepared, and the cytotoxicity and inhibitory effects on nitric oxide production and protein expression obtained via Western blot were identified.
Engineering, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
