Fu, Y.; Liu, X.; Su, Z.; Wang, P.; Guo, Q.; Ma, P. Arabinose Plays an Important Role in Regulating the Growth and Sporulation of Bacillus subtilis NCD-2. Int. J. Mol. Sci.2023, 24, 17472.
Fu, Y.; Liu, X.; Su, Z.; Wang, P.; Guo, Q.; Ma, P. Arabinose Plays an Important Role in Regulating the Growth and Sporulation of Bacillus subtilis NCD-2. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 17472.
Fu, Y.; Liu, X.; Su, Z.; Wang, P.; Guo, Q.; Ma, P. Arabinose Plays an Important Role in Regulating the Growth and Sporulation of Bacillus subtilis NCD-2. Int. J. Mol. Sci.2023, 24, 17472.
Fu, Y.; Liu, X.; Su, Z.; Wang, P.; Guo, Q.; Ma, P. Arabinose Plays an Important Role in Regulating the Growth and Sporulation of Bacillus subtilis NCD-2. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 17472.
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis NCD-2 showed a promising biocontrol effect against plant soil-borne diseases, and was developed as a commercial microbial fungicide against cotton verticillium wilt in China. Spores were main ingredient of the fungicide and played the crucial role in biological control of plant diseases. Therefore, the key to reducing the cost of fungicide was to find ways to increase the number of spores of strain NCD-2 during fermentation. In this study, 755 substances were evaluated by Phenotype Microarray technology, and 5 kinds of carbon sources and 1 kind of nitrogen source were found to promote the metabolism of strain NCD-2. Among carbon sources L-arabinose showed strongest ability to promote the bacteria growth and sporulation of strain NCD-2. When L-arabinose was used as a single carbon source, it could increase the bacteria concentration and the sporulation efficiency of strain NCD-2 by 2.04 times and 1.99 times, respectively, compared with D-glucose. Moreover, L-arabinose could significantly decrease the autolysis of strain NCD-2 revealed by microscopy observation. The mechanism for promoting the sporulation by L-arabinose was analysed by RNA-seq sequencing. Results showed that total of 790, 923 and 1270 genes were up-regulated and 639, 850 and 1001 genes were down-regulated under L-arabinose supplies when cultured at 8 h, 12 h and 16 h, respectively. Fourteen differentially expressed genes associated with arabinose transportation and sporulation were selected for qRT-PCR analysis, and the result showed basically consistent expression trend with transcriptome. Notably, genes associated with arabinose metabolism, sporulation, spore resistance to heat and spore coat formation were significantly up-regulated, and genes associated with sporulation-delaying protein were significantly down-regulated under L-arabinose supplies. msmX gene which was involved in arabinose transport in Bacillus genus was deleted, and the mutant decreased the growth and sporulation by 53.71% and 86.46%, respectively, when compared to strain NCD-2 wild type. Complementary of the mutant by importing intact msmX gene could restore the growth and sporulation of the mutant strain. In conclusion, arabinose played an important role in regulating the growth and sporulation of strain NCD-2.
Biology and Life Sciences, Agricultural Science and Agronomy
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