Lim, S.; Lim, J.; Lee, A.; Kim, K.-I.; Lim, J.-S. Anticancer Effect of E26 Transformation-Specific Homologous Factor through the Induction of Senescence and the Inhibition of Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Cancers2023, 15, 5270.
Lim, S.; Lim, J.; Lee, A.; Kim, K.-I.; Lim, J.-S. Anticancer Effect of E26 Transformation-Specific Homologous Factor through the Induction of Senescence and the Inhibition of Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Cancers 2023, 15, 5270.
Lim, S.; Lim, J.; Lee, A.; Kim, K.-I.; Lim, J.-S. Anticancer Effect of E26 Transformation-Specific Homologous Factor through the Induction of Senescence and the Inhibition of Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Cancers2023, 15, 5270.
Lim, S.; Lim, J.; Lee, A.; Kim, K.-I.; Lim, J.-S. Anticancer Effect of E26 Transformation-Specific Homologous Factor through the Induction of Senescence and the Inhibition of Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Cancers 2023, 15, 5270.
Abstract
(1) Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of ETS homologous factor (EHF) in malignant breast cancer cells. (2) Methods: Overexpression and knockdown of the EHF gene in human and mouse breast cancer cells were performed, and the TCGA dataset and Q-omics were analyzed. (3) Results: We found that the tumor suppressor NDRG2 is correlated with EHF gene expression in triple-negative breast cancer cells, that EHF overexpression results in reduced cell proliferation and that apoptosis is promoted by chemotherapeutic reagent treatment of EHF-overexpressing cells. By EHF overexpression, senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity and p21WAF1/CIP1 expression were increased, suggesting that EHF may induce cellular senescence. In addition, overexpression of EHF reduced the migratory ability and inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Furthermore, EHF inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT3. Overexpression of EHF also reduced tumor size, and lung metastasis in vivo. At the tumor site, β-galactosidase activity was increased by EHF. Finally, Kaplan-Meier-plotter analysis showed that TNBC patients with high expression of EHF had a longer relapse-free survival rate. (4) Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated that EHF inhibits breast tumor progression by inducing senescence and regulating EMT in TNBC cells.
Keywords
EHF; NDRG2; STAT3; Senescence; Breast cancer; TCGA data
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
