Zhang, G.; Liu, C.; Jiang, H.; Wang, J. Fault Recovery Methods for a Converged System Comprised of Power Grids, Transportation Networks and Information Networks. Electronics2023, 12, 4508.
Zhang, G.; Liu, C.; Jiang, H.; Wang, J. Fault Recovery Methods for a Converged System Comprised of Power Grids, Transportation Networks and Information Networks. Electronics 2023, 12, 4508.
Zhang, G.; Liu, C.; Jiang, H.; Wang, J. Fault Recovery Methods for a Converged System Comprised of Power Grids, Transportation Networks and Information Networks. Electronics2023, 12, 4508.
Zhang, G.; Liu, C.; Jiang, H.; Wang, J. Fault Recovery Methods for a Converged System Comprised of Power Grids, Transportation Networks and Information Networks. Electronics 2023, 12, 4508.
Abstract
Recently, the triple-network convergence system (TNCS) has emerged from the deep integration of the power grid, transportation network, and information network. Fault recovery research in the TNCS is important since this system's complexity and interactivity can expand the faults scale and increase faults impact. Currently, fault recovery focuses primarily on single power grids and cyber-physical systems, but there are certain shortcomings, such as ignoring uncertainties including generator start-up failures and the occurrence of new faults during recovery, energy supply-demand imbalances leading to system security issues and communication delay caused by network attacks. In this study, we propose a recovery method based on the improved TD3 algorithm, factoring in shortcomings of the existing research. Specifically, we establish a TNCS model to analyze interaction mechanisms and design a state matrix to represent the uncertainty changes in the TNCS, a negative reward to reflect the impact of unit start-up failures, a special reward to reflect the impact of communication delay and an improved Actor network update mechanism. Experimental results show that our method obtains the optimal recovery decisions, maximizes restoration benefit in power grid failure scenarios and demonstrates a strong resilience against communication delay caused by DoS attacks.
Keywords
triple-network convergence; fault recovery; TD3 algorithm; DoS attack; resilience
Subject
Engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
