Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Following Natural Autoantibodies; Further Immunoserological Evidence Regarding Their Silent Plasticity and Engagement in Immune Activation

Dávid Szinger
,
Timea Berki
,
Péter Németh
ORCID logo ,
Szabina Erdo-Bonyar
,
Diana Simon
,
Ines Drenjančević
,
Senka Samardzic
,
Marija Zelić
,
Magdalena Sikora
,
Arlen Požgain
,
Katalin Böröcz
* ORCID logo
Version 1 : Received: 30 August 2023 / Approved: 30 August 2023 / Online: 31 August 2023 (08:45:36 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Szinger, D.; Berki, T.; Németh, P.; Erdo-Bonyar, S.; Simon, D.; Drenjančević, I.; Samardzic, S.; Zelić, M.; Sikora, M.; Požgain, A.; Böröcz, K. Following Natural Autoantibodies: Further Immunoserological Evidence Regarding Their Silent Plasticity and Engagement in Immune Activation. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 14961. Szinger, D.; Berki, T.; Németh, P.; Erdo-Bonyar, S.; Simon, D.; Drenjančević, I.; Samardzic, S.; Zelić, M.; Sikora, M.; Požgain, A.; Böröcz, K. Following Natural Autoantibodies: Further Immunoserological Evidence Regarding Their Silent Plasticity and Engagement in Immune Activation. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 14961.

Abstract

Contradictory reports are available on vaccine-associated hyperstimulation of the immune system, provoking the formation of pathological autoantibodies. Despite being interconnected within the same network, the role of the quieter, yet important non-pathological; natural autoantibodies (nAAbs) is less defined. We hypothesize that upon a prompt immunological trigger, also physiological nAAbs exhibit a moderate plasticity. We investigated their inducibility through aged and recent antigenic triggers. Anti-viral antibodies (anti-MMR; n=1739 and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG; n=330) and nAAbs (anti-citrate synthase IgG, IgM; n=1739) were measured by in-house and commercial ELISAs, using Croatian (Osijek) anonymous samples with documented vaccination background. Results were subsequently compared for statistical evaluation. Interestingly, IgM isotype nAAb showed a statistically significant connection with anti-MMR IgG seropositivity (p< 0.001 in all cases), while IgG isotype nAAb levels were elevated in association with anti-SARS CoV-2 specific seropositivity (p= 0.019) and in heterogeneous vaccine regimen recipients (unvaccinated controls; vector/mRNA vaccines p= 0.002). Increasing evidence supports the interplay between immune activation and the dynamic expansion of nAAbs. Consequently, further questions may emerge regarding the ability of nAAbs silently shaping the effectiveness of immunization. We suggest re-evaluating the impact of nAAbs on the complex functioning of the immunological network.

Keywords

autoantibody, natural autoantibody, anti-viral antibody, ELISA, serology, MMR, SARS-CoV-2, IgG, vaccine, immunization, plasticity, immunological network

Subject

Biology and Life Sciences, Immunology and Microbiology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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