Alsharedah, Y.A.; Newson, T.; El Naggar, M.H.; Black, J.A. Lateral Ultimate Capacity of Monopile Foundations for Offshore Wind Turbines: Effects of Monopile Geometry and Soil Stiffness Properties. Appl. Sci.2023, 13, 12269.
Alsharedah, Y.A.; Newson, T.; El Naggar, M.H.; Black, J.A. Lateral Ultimate Capacity of Monopile Foundations for Offshore Wind Turbines: Effects of Monopile Geometry and Soil Stiffness Properties. Appl. Sci. 2023, 13, 12269.
Alsharedah, Y.A.; Newson, T.; El Naggar, M.H.; Black, J.A. Lateral Ultimate Capacity of Monopile Foundations for Offshore Wind Turbines: Effects of Monopile Geometry and Soil Stiffness Properties. Appl. Sci.2023, 13, 12269.
Alsharedah, Y.A.; Newson, T.; El Naggar, M.H.; Black, J.A. Lateral Ultimate Capacity of Monopile Foundations for Offshore Wind Turbines: Effects of Monopile Geometry and Soil Stiffness Properties. Appl. Sci. 2023, 13, 12269.
Abstract
Offshore Wind Turbines (OWT) with increasingly higher energy output are being developed to meet energy demand, posing challenges for their foundation design. Several foundation types are used to support these turbines with monopiles (MP) accounting for 80% of the installed capacity. In this study, three-dimensional (3D) nonlinear finite element models (FEM) were employed to investigate the behaviour of monopile foundation supporting a 5MW wind turbine when subjected to lateral loading. Results indicate that the MP behavior depending on the pile length to diameter (L/D) ratio and the soil shear strength. Inspection of bending moment profiles at the lateral ultimate capacity indicated the monopiles can behave in flexible manner even with low L/D ratio. The L/D ratio affected the MP normalized lateral ultimate capacity at varying degrees and the biggest effect was for soft clays, amounting to around 5 folds increase for L/D values of 3.33 to 13.33. Lesser effects were found for stiff clays.
Keywords
Monopile; offshore wind turbines (OWT); lateral ultimate capacity; green energy
Subject
Engineering, Civil Engineering
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
